scholarly journals Effect of Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives and Fusarium culmorum (Wm.G. Sm.) Sacc. Infection of Winter Wheat Seedlings on Their Health Status and Soil Biological Activity

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jamiołkowska ◽  
Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz ◽  
Elżbieta Mielniczuk ◽  
Franco Bisceglie ◽  
Giorgio Pelosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Positive Effect

Climate change has an impact on agricultural production, including the greater persistence of plant pathogens in the environment. Therefore, the question arises as to how to effectively and safely protect plants by using chemicals, the number of which is decreasing each year. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fungistatic effect of 2 acetylthiophenethiosemicarbazone (2actpTS) and Cis-jasmonethiosemicarbazone (JTS) against Fusarium culmorum (Fc) on winter wheat seedlings. The influence of thiosemicarbazones (TSs) on the health status and phytotoxicity of seedlings and soil biological activity was investigated. Before TSs application (watering or spraying), soil was infected with F. culmorum (strain No. 37). The substance type and method of its application significantly influenced only the fresh weight of the seedlings. The varying phytotoxicity of the molecules depended primarily on their application method to the plants. The highest seedling phytotoxicity was recorded when compounds were applied during watering and the lowest when they were sprayed. The results showed that the application of substances 2actpTS and JTS, both in the form of watering and spraying, had a positive effect on plant health status, as expressed by the disease index (DI) value. The presence of the infectious agent and the type of chemical compound increased soil enzyme activity. The highest total number of bacteria was found in the soil that was infected with Fc and in soil samples where JTS was applied by watering and spraying. The highest utilization of amines, amides and amino acids by microorganisms was found in the samples where JTS was applied. The obtained results will be used to create intermediate products for the protection of cereals against Fusarium diseases, not only at the stage of germination and tillage of plants, but also at subsequent developmental stages.

scholarly journals Effects of maize and winter wheat grown under different cultivation techniques on biological activity of soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furtak Karolina ◽  
Gawryjołek Karolina ◽  
Gajda Anna M ◽  
Gałązka Anna
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Biolog Ecoplate ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
Dehydrogenases Activity ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

The aim of the study was to compare the activity and functional biodiversity in soil under two different cereals: common maize and winter wheat, both grown in the same pattern of cultivation techniques: conventional (to 25 cm depth) and reduced (to 10 cm depth). Soil samples for comparative analysis were collected at the same time (July 2016) at a long-term field experiment, which was carried out in 2013–2016. Soil biological activity was determined by measurement of dehydrogenases activity (DHa) with TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) application, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) content by fumigation-extraction method, and functional diversity of soil microorganisms using the Biolog EcoPlate System. The results demonstrated that the cultivation technique had a greater impact on the soil biological activity, compared to the type of cereal. Higher biological activity was found in the soil under reduced tillage in both cereals. Calculated correlations showed that DHa, MBC, MBN and acid phosphatases were positively correlated with each other. The negative correlation obtained between yield and biological parameters of activity in soil was not expected.

Effects of Tillage Patterns on Soil Biological Activity, Availability of Soil Nu-trients and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Jin CHEN ◽  
Dang-Wei PANG ◽  
Ming-Ming HAN ◽  
Yan-Ping YIN ◽  
Meng-Jing ZHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Biological Activity

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of microalgae on winter wheat plants

Algologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
P.M. Tsarenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Zaimenko ◽  
N.P. Didyk ◽  
B.O. Ivanytska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of the study of the allelopathic activity of the culture medium of two species of green and charophyte microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris Beijer. and Interfillum terricola (J.B.Petersen) Mikhailyuk et al.) to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in model pot experiments with the aim to discover of physiological mechanisms of allelopathy and finding effective and safe compounds with growth-promoting effects. The microalgae culture medium was applied in a rate of 1; 3 and 10 mL per a pot (250 mL) filled with sifted and sterilized gray podzolic soil, before sowing wheat seeds. Test plants were grown in a phytochamber under controlled conditions of light intensity, temperature and soil moisture. The number of germinated seeds was recorded from the 2nd to the 8th day after sowing. The vitality of winter wheat was evaluated at the end of the experiments using morphometric characteristics of growth (height of aboveground parts, leaf surface area, length of root system, number of lateral roots; dry matter mass of aboveground parts and roots) and content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves. At the end of the experiment, the indicators of electrical conductivity, redox potential, pH and content of nutrients in the soil were determined. The positive effect of microalgae on seed germination, growth and photosynthetic apparatus of T. aestivum plants was established. Culture medium of C. vulgaris showed a higher stimulating effect on seed germination and growth of wheat seedlings than I. terricola. The positive effect of microalgae on the photosynthetic activity of wheat and the content of organic carbon in the soil indicates the possibility of developing of biofertilizers based on them in order to improve the structural and functional organization of agroecosystems. The obtained results confirmed the prospects of C. vulgaris as a biofertilizer in crops. The allelopathic effect of I. terricola on vascular plants has been studied for the first time. The important role of indirect allelopathic mechanisms in the interactions between the studied species of microalgae and vascular plants has been established.

scholarly journals The effect of passaging of Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc.on media containing calcium on the growth and development of this fungus and on disease development in wheat seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Marlena Zielińska ◽  
Marian Michniewicz ◽  
Barbara Rożej
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Different Content

<i>Fusarium culmorum</i> was transferred ten times on media with a different content of calcium (O, 2, 4, 8 mM) and then was used for inoculation of winter wheat seedlings (cv. Grana). It was found that the disease of wheat seedlings was weaker when they were infected with the suspension of mycelium of fungi passaged on media containing higher concentration of calcium ions. It was also found that passaging <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> on media containing calcium causes the inhibition of growth and development of this pathogen. Basing on the results of these experiments it can be concluded, that passaging <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> on media with calcium reduces the pathogenicity of this fungus to wheat seedlings.

THE EFFECT OF CROP DEBRIS ON THE PATHOGENICITY OF CEREAL ROOT-ROTTING FUNGI

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (7) ◽  
pp. 289-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Tyner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Cereal Root

The effect of wheat, oat, and barley straw, composted with soil, on the development of disease on the basal parts of wheat seedlings was studied in a series of greenhouse experiments during three seasons. The pathogens used were Ophiobolus graminis Sacc., Helminthosporium sativum P. K. and B., and Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. The wheat-straw composts were distinctly more favourable to the development of disease than the composts of either oat or barley straw. The least injury occurred on seedlings grown in composts of oat straw. It is suggested that the micro-organisms associated with the decomposition of oat straw bring about some degree of biological control of the plant pathogens also present.Although the amount of straw applied sometimes influenced severity of disease, the effects were not consistent from planting to planting. Apparently the actual carbon to nitrogen ratio had less effect upon disease development than did the chemical nature of the straw.The kind and amount of straw in the composts also influenced seedling vigour. This vigour was, in general, inversely proportional to the degree of infection.The introduction of a short fallow period between plantings decreased infection somewhat and increased vigour.The pathogenicity of the artificial inoculum added at the first planting was practically vitiated before the second planting. Subsequently, the infection ratings tended to increase and were about the same as those in the uninoculated series.

Soil biological activity as affected by tillage intensity

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gajda ◽  
B. Przewłoka
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Labile Fraction ◽  
C And N

Soil biological activity as affected by tillage intensityThe effect of tillage intensity on changes of microbiological activity and content of particulate organic matter in soil under winter wheat duirng 3 years was studied. Microbial response related to the tillage-induced changes in soil determined on the content of biomass C and N, the rate of CO2evolution, B/F ratio, the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases, soil C/N ratio and microbial biomass C/N ratio confirmed the high sensitivity of soil microbial populations to the tillage system applied. After three year studies, the direct sowing system enhanced the increase of labile fraction of organic matter content in soil. There were no significant changes in the labile fraction quantity observed in soil under conventional tillage. Similar response related to the tillage intensity was observed in particulate organic matter quantities expressed as a percentage of total organic matter in soil. A high correlation coefficients calculated between contents of soil microbial biomass C and N, particulate organic matter and potentially mineralizable N, and the obtained yields of winter wheat grown on experimental fields indicated on a high importance of biological quality of status of soil for agricultural crop production.

Ear growth, developmental stages and yield in winter wheat

Agronomie ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François LEDENT ◽  
Volkmar STOY ◽  
Helena AIRAKSINEN ◽  
Tomas PATKAI
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Developmental Stages

Lectin activity of winter wheat seedlings affected by eyespot causal agent under the action of Bacillus subtilis 537/Б1 bacterial isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
M. Musiienko ◽  
L. Batsmanova ◽  
Ju. Pys'menna ◽  
T. Kondratiuk ◽  
N. Taran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Lectin Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Effects of Long Term Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Enzymes

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2608-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Dora Samuel ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Carmen Elena Melinte (Frunzulica) ◽  
Lavinia Purza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Long term productivity and conservation of soils is critical for sustaining agricultural ecosystems. The specific objective of the work reported was to determine the effects of long term application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil enzyme activity as an index of soil biology and biochemistry. Three key soil enzymes involved in intracellular metabolism of microorganisms and two soil enzymes involved in phosphorus metabolism were selected. Actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in the 0-20 cm layer of an eroded soil submitted to a complex fertilization experiment. Results showed that addition of mineral fertilizers to organic (green manure and farmyard manure) fertilizers led to a significant increase in each activity because of increased plant biomass production which upon incorporation stimulates soil biological activity. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality calculated from the values of enzymatic activities depending on the kind of fertilizers showed that by the determination of enzymatic activities valuable information can be obtained regarding fertility status of soils. A weak positive correlation between enzymatic indicators of soil quality and maize yield was established. The yield data demonstrate the superiority of farmyard manure which provided greater stability in crop production. Substantial improvement in soil biological activity due to application of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers contribute in maintaining the productivity and soil health.

Effect of C6-Volatiles on Bioluminescent Plant Pathogens

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 557d-557
Author(s):  
Jennifer Warr ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Bob Ebel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Low Concentrations

C6 volatile compounds are known to be produced by the plant upon pathogen attack or other stress-related events. The biological activity of many of these substances is poorly understood, but some might produce signal molecules important in host–pathogen interactions. In this research we explored the possibility that lipid-derived C6 volatiles have a direct effect on bacterial plant pathogens. To this purpose we used a unique tool, a bacterium genetically engineered to bioluminesce. Light-producing genes from a fish-associated bacterium were introduced into Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, enabling nondestructive detection of bacteria in vitro and in the plant with special computer-assisted camera equipment. The effects of different C6 volatiles (trans-2 hexanal, trans-2 hexen-1-ol and cis-3 hexenol) on growth of bioluminescent Xanthomonas campestris were investigated. Different volatile concentrations were used. Treatment with trans-2 hexanal appeared bactericidal at low concentrations (1% and 10%), while treatments with the other volatiles were not inhibitive to bacterial growth. The implications of these results with respect to practical use of trans-2 hexanal in pathogen susceptible and resistant plants will be discussed.

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