scholarly journals Corn Forage Yield and Quality for Silage in Short Growing Season Areas of the Canadian Prairies

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Guyader ◽  
Vern Baron ◽  
Karen Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Short Season

The development of short-season hybrids has made corn (Zea mays L.) silage (CS) production possible in cooler areas. This work aimed at determining biomass yield and nutritive quality of short-season corn CS hybrids. Six corn hybrids were grown in three years at four locations within the Canadian prairies with four field replications. Hybrids were harvested before occurrence of frost at a target dry matter (DM) content of 300 to 400 g kg−1. Corn heat units (CHU) from seeding to harvesting (CHUseed-harv) and water supply were recorded. Samples were analysed for nutrient content; i.e., DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), starch, and in vitro DM and NDF digestibilities (48 h incubation). Then, CHUseed-harv, water supply, whole plant DM, CHU rating of the hybrid, and cob percentage were assessed as predictors of nutrient content. Location, hybrid, and year affected nutrient composition and yield. Overall, CP and NDF were positively correlated (r = 0.48, p < 0.01), but both were negatively correlated with DM yield (r = −0.63, −0.28, p < 0.01) and starch (both r = 0.71, p < 0.01). Within and among locations, CHUseed-harv differently affected nutrient composition and DM yield. However, DM yield was the most predictable factor (R2 = 0.86) with CHUseed-harv being the strongest contributor (48%) to the overall variability, followed by water supply (23%). Whole plant DM and CHUseed-harv were also good predictors of starch (R2 = 0.54). This work showed the high variability of biomass yield and nutritive quality of short-season CS hybrids grown in Northern areas.

scholarly journals Water Supply and Temperature Effects on Some Nutritive Constituents of Direct Sown Onion

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila OMBÓDI ◽  
Andrea LUGASI ◽  
Hussein Gehad DAOOD ◽  
Mária BERKI ◽  
Lajos HELYES
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Dry Conditions

Irrigation is a prerequisite for economical onion production under dry conditions. However, its effect on dry matter and nutrient content often remains a concern for growers. A direct sown onion hybrid was grown under open field, rain-fed and irrigated conditions for three years, investigating the effects of air temperature and water supply on some nutritive constituents. Dry matter, storage sugar, total flavonol and total polyphenol content showed strong positive correlation with average air temperature and negative correlation with water supply. However, irrigation had a positive effect on storage sugar and dry matter content. Presumably better water supply during dry periods ensured by irrigation provided the basis for higher photosynthetic production, and hereby more dry matter partitioning and accumulation in the bulb, a storage organ. An unexpected decrease in vitamin C content was experienced in 2011 and 2012, compared to the result of 2010, which was explained by the hot and dry conditions of the pre-harvest irrigation cut-off period. Fibre and ash content was found to be the most stable nutritional characteristics, affected neither by the environmental conditions, nor by the irrigation. Irrigation has proved to be very beneficial for direct sown onion, doubling bulb yield while not affecting the nutritive quality negatively.

In vitro degradation and methane production of short-season corn hybrids harvested before or after a light frost

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-753
Author(s):  
I.A. Aboagye ◽  
V.S. Baron ◽  
M. Oba ◽  
J. Guyader ◽  
K.A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Silage Production

In western Canada, short-season corn silage production is increasing due to its potentially high nutritive value. The objective of this study was to determine variability and relationships among nutrient concentration, degradability, and methane (CH4) production of short-season whole-plant corn hybrids harvested before or after light frost (−1.5 °C). Four hybrids, based on their corn heat unit rating (≤2600, CHU rating), were grown in 2 yr in central and southern Alberta (AB) with two field replications. The batch culture and Daisy fermenter techniques were used to characterize degradability and gas production measurements. At both locations, dry matter (DM) concentration was affected by harvest and hybrid (P ≤ 0.02). However, starch and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations differed (P ≤ 0.01) or tended (P = 0.07) to differ among harvest and hybrid only in central AB. Over both locations and harvest times, CH4production was related negatively to propionate and positively to acetate proportions. In conclusion, harvesting southern AB hybrids after frost increased DM concentration and NDF degradability with no effect on CH4emissions, but the high DM concentration may negatively affect silage quality and animal performance. Harvesting central AB hybrids after frost increased DM and starch concentrations, while reducing CH4emissions but had limited effects on nutrient degradability.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

Forage Yield, Nutrient Composition and Nutritive Quality of Silage Produced from Maize-Lablab Mixture

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
TA Amole ◽  
BO Oduguwa ◽  
N Okwelum ◽  
TO Oyekale ◽  
AO Jolaosho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nutritive Quality

scholarly journals Efficiency of the CL, DRIS and CND Methods in Assessing the Nutritional Status of Eucalyptus spp. Rooted Cuttings

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Chagas Barros de Morais ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Edilaine Istefani Franklin Traspadini ◽  
Paulo Guilherme Salvador Wadt ◽  
Rinaldo César de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Total Accuracy

The efficiency of methods in adequately interpreting the nutritional status of Eucalyptus spp. rooted cuttings remains unknown. The aim was to evaluate the quality of diagnoses obtained using the critical level (CL), diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) and compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) methods to assess the nutritional status of Eucalyptus spp. rooted cuttings, based on two different yield indicators. The data were obtained from commercial nursery and calibration experiments, using seven nutrients as treatments (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, B and Fe) and four concentrations per nutrient, arranged in randomized blocks, with four repetitions. The Eucalyptus spp. clone used in the experiments was AEC 0144. A total of 222 rooted cuttings were obtained from the experimental area and commercial nurseries and the following were determined: leaf nutrient content, whole plant dry matter (DM) content and the Dickson quality index (DQI). Diagnostic accuracy in the experimental plots was ascertained by comparing the diagnosis with plant response as a function of adding the corresponding nutrient. Five measures of accuracy were used to test the efficiency of the diagnostic methods: total accuracy, accuracy for deficiency and sufficiency, deficiency ratio, efficiency ratio, and the net increase in in DM and DQI. The performance of diagnostic methods varied between CL, DRIS and CND, and among the nutrients studied. Given that the seedling production system is largely more controlled, where environmental variations are minimal, and considering that the different diagnostic methods exhibited distinct performance in terms of assessing the true nutritional status of eucalyptus rooted cuttings, the CL method is the most indicated for this situation, due to its better performance in evaluating the nutritional status of most nutrients and easy implementation.

scholarly journals Studies on Biomass Yield, Morphological Characteristics and Nutritive Quality of Napier Cultivars under Two Different Geo-Topographic Conditions of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 914-925
Author(s):  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Mohammed Ahsan Habib ◽  
Dilruba Yeasmin ◽  
Farah Tabassum ◽  
Rurul Amin Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nutritive Quality

scholarly journals Effects of hybrid and row spacing on maize forage yield and quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Iptas ◽  
A.A. Acar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant

This study was conducted to determine the effect of row spacing (40, 60 and 80 cm) on forage dry matter (DM) yield and quality of four hybrids grown in the years 2001 and 2002. The highest DM yield was obtained from the Arifiye (24.1 and 22.4 t/ha) while the lowest DM yield was obtained from Pioneer 3163 (19.9 and 19.8 t/ha) in the years 2001 and 2002, respectively. As row spacing increased, DM yield as an average of two years decreased from 27.2 to 16.6 t/ha. No differences were found among row spacing for DM content, harvest index (HI) and ear content. As row spacing increased, whole-plant acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content increased from 214 to 227 g/kg and from 420 to 451 g/kg during the year 2001, respectively. However, ADF content decreased from 281 to 267 g/kg and NDF contents decreased from 530 to 515 g/kg with increasing row spacing during the year 2002. In this study, hybrids showed distinct differences for crude protein, ADF and NDF contents in both years. Forage quality parameter including ADF and NDF of Pioneer 3163, TTM 8119 and Karadeniz Yildizi were higher than Arifiye hybrid.

scholarly journals 191 Yield and nutritive quality of summer annual forage mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
Serena Thompson ◽  
Sandra L Dillard ◽  
Alana Jacobson ◽  
Jenny Koebernick ◽  
Grey Parks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Forage Mixtures ◽  
Similar Yield

Abstract Summer annual forage mixtures are both high yielding and contain a high nutritive quality. They provide a summer forage option for maintaining stockers, forage-finished beef, and replacement heifers on with little to no external inputs needed. Recently, sugarcane aphid infestations have limited production of sorghum × sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor var. bicolor*bicolor var. sudanese; S). This study investigated mono-, bi-, and tri- cultures of S, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata; C), and crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris; R). Forage yield, CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, and sugarcane aphid counts were determined for each treatment. Sugarcane aphid counts were conducted on a weekly basis during the study and forage samples were harvested twice during each season. A forage subsample was taken for determination of CP, NDF, ADF, and ADL using wet chemistry. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix of SAS 9.4 (SAS inst., Cary, NC). During Year 1, the only difference in yield among treatments was observed in R, which was lower than other plots (949 and 1,259 kg/ha, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). Neutral detergent fiber was greatest (P &lt; 0.0001) in treatments containing S, whereas C and C+R had the least NDF (64.6%, 55.1%, and 56.6%, respectively; P &lt; 0.02). Sugarcane aphids were greater (P &lt; 0.0001) in S+C compared to S+R and SI on July 12 (33.5, 21.1, and 22.4 aphid days/ two leaf sample, respectively). During Year 2, there were no differences in yield among plots (996 kg/ ha, P &gt; 0.9); NDF was greatest in S and lowest in plots containing C and C+R (63%, 46%, and 45.6%, P &lt; 0.0001). While there appeared to be no reduction in sugarcane aphid pressure in the mono- and mixed- cultures of S, C+R showed promise as a summer annual mixture with similar yield and higher quality to that of S and S mixtures.

MANIPULATING SEASONAL GROWTH DISTRIBUTION AND NUTRITIVE QUALITY OF TIMOTHY AND ORCHARDGRASS USING THE GROWTH REGULATOR IMAZETHAPYR

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-508
Author(s):  
S. L. FALES ◽  
R. J. HOOVER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Nutritive Quality

Other than timely defoliation, management options for cool-season grass forages are limited. The growth regulator, imazethapyr (5-ethyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)nicotinic acid), was evaluated as an agent for modifying seasonal production and nutritive quality of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). In 1986, 1987, and 1988 field plots of Toro timothy and Pennlate orchardgrass were treated with imazethapyr (IM) at rates of 50 and 100 g a.i. ha−1, respectively. Three cutting treatments were imposed, involving a progressive delay of first harvest based on the growth stage of the controls. The 0 Delay, Delay 1, and Delay 2 harvests were made when controls were at early head, anthesis (13-d delay), and post-anthesis (26-d delay), respectively. At 0 Delay, imazethapyr treatment increased timothy in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) by as much as 80 g kg−1, crude protein (CP) by 27 g kg−1, and reduced neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by as much as 150 g kg−1 (3-yr average). Corresponding changes for orchard-grass were 50, 23, and 100 g kg−1, for IVDMD and CP augmentation and NDF reduction, respectively. Nutritive quality of treated Delay 1 forage was similar to that of 0 Delay controls, while that of Delay 2 forage declined substantially. Although first harvest yield was reduced approximately 50% by imazethapyr treatment, second harvests showed a treatment-related yield enhancement, resulting in similar seasonal production for both treated and control forage. Imazethapyr has potential as a management tool to defer timothy and orchardgrass hay harvest for up to 2 wk without incurring significant losses in yield or quality.Key words: Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense, forage production, forage quality, growth regultors

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