scholarly journals Effect of Soy Lecithin Supplementation in Beef Cows before Calving on Colostrum Composition and Serum Total Protein and Immunoglobulin G Concentrations in Calves

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Soy Lecithin ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Bacteria

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of soy lecithin supplementation in beef cow’s nutrition on colostrum composition and serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and serum total protein (STP) in calves. Twenty pregnant Charolaise cows were assigned to two groups. In the supplementation group (n = 10) during the last four weeks of pregnancy, soy lecithin was administrated in an amount of 20 g/cow/day. In both groups, basic composition (protein, fat, lactose, dry matter), somatic cell count (SCC), total bacteria count (TBC), IgG concentration, and fatty acids profile were determined in colostrum samples. Moreover, STP and IgG concentration were measured in calves’ blood samples on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days of life, mothered by supplementation and control cows. Animals fed with soy lecithin before calving produced colostrum with a higher (p = 0.049) level of linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6). In addition, these results showed that soy lecithin supplementation has contributed to an increase (p = 0.029) of serum IgG in calves on the 14th day of life. The impact of such change in colostrum on IgG levels on calves serum and their half-life need further analysis.

scholarly journals Concentration and heritability of immunoglobulin G and natural antibody immunoglobulin M in dairy and beef colostrum along with serum total protein in their calves

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess E Altvater-Hughes ◽  
Douglas C Hodgins ◽  
Lauraine Wagter-Lesperance ◽  
Shannon C Beard ◽  
Shannon L Cartwright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Natural Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Beef Calves

Abstract Immunoglobulin (Ig) G and natural antibody (NAb) IgM are passively transferred to the neonatal calf through bovine colostrum. Maternal IgG provides pathogen- or vaccine-specific protection and comprises about 85 percent of colostral Ig. Natural antibody IgM is less abundant but provides broad and non-specific reactivity, potentially contributing to protection against the dissemination of pathogens in the blood (septicemia) in a calf’s first days of life. In the dairy and beef industries, failure of passive transfer (FPT) of colostral Ig (serum total protein (STP) <5.2 g/dL) is still a common concern. The objectives of this study were to, i) compare colostral IgG concentrations and NAb-IgM titers between dairy and beef cows; ii) assess the effect of beef breed on colostral IgG; iii) compare passive transfer of colostral Ig in dairy and beef calves; and iv) estimate the heritability of colostral IgG and NAb-IgM. Colostrum was collected from Holstein dairy (n=282) and crossbred beef (n=168) cows at the University of Guelph dairy and beef research centres. Colostral IgG was quantified by radial immunodiffusion and NAb-IgM was quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In dairy (n=308) and beef (n=169) calves, STP was estimated by digital refractometry. Beef cows had significantly greater colostral IgG (146.5 ± 9.5 SEM g/L) than dairy cows (92.4 ± 5.2 g/L, p <0.01). Beef cows with a higher proportion of Angus ancestry had significantly lower colostral IgG (125.5 ± 5.8 g/L) than cows grouped as “Other” (142.5 ± 4.9 g/L, p= 0.02). Using the FPT cut-off, 13% of dairy and 16% of beef calves had FPT; still, beef calves had a significantly larger proportion with excellent passive transfer (STP ≥6.2 g/dL, p <0.01). The heritability of colostral IgG was 0.04 (± 0.14) in dairy and 0.14 (± 0.32) in beef. Colostral NAb-IgM titers in dairy (12.12 ± 0.22, log2 (reciprocal of titer)) and beef cows (12.03 ± 0.19) did not differ significantly (p=0.71). The range of NAb-IgM titers was 9.18 to 14.60, equivalent to a 42-fold range in antibody concentration. The heritability of colostral NAb was 0.24 (± 0.16) in dairy and 0.11 (± 0.19) in beef cows. This study is the first to compare colostral NAb-IgM between dairy and beef cows. Based on the range in NAb-IgM titers and the heritability, selective breeding may improve colostrum quality and protection for neonatal calves in the early days of life.

scholarly journals White Mulberry (Morus alba) Foliage Methanolic Extract Can AlleviateAeromonas hydrophilaInfection in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Sheikhlar ◽  
Abd Razk Alimon ◽  
Hassan Daud ◽  
Chee R. Saad ◽  
Carl D. Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
White Mulberry ◽  
And Control

Two experiments were simultaneously conducted withMorus alba(white mulberry) foliage extract (MFE) as a growth promoter and treatment ofAeromonas hydrophilainfection in separate 60 and 30 days trail (Experiments 1 and 2, resp.) in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). In Experiment 1, four diets, control and control supplemented with 2, 5, or 7 g MFE/kg dry matter (DM) of diet, were used. In Experiment 2, fish were intraperitoneally infected withAeromonas hydrophilaand fed the same diets as experiment 1 plus additional two diets with or without antibiotic. Results of experiment 1 showed that growth was unaffected by dietary levels of MFE. Treatments with the inclusion of MFE at the levels of 5 and 7 g/Kg DM had no mortality. Red blood cells (RBC), albumin, and total protein were all higher for the treatments fed MFE (5 and 7 g/Kg DM). Results of experiment 2 showed RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, globulin, albumin, and total protein improved with the increase in MFE in the infected fish. The dietary MFE at the level of 7 g/kg DM reduced mortality rate. In conclusion, MFE at the level of 7 g/kg DM could be a valuable dietary supplement to cure the infected fish.

The impact of sodium chloride reduction on Grana-type cheese production and quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Tidona ◽  
Marco Bernardi ◽  
Salvatore Francolino ◽  
Roberta Ghiglietti ◽  
Johannes A. Hogenboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cheese Production ◽  
Grana Cheese

AbstractWith the aim to reduce the Na content, hard cheeses manufactured using the same technology as for Grana cheese (Grana-type) were salted using three brines containing different amounts of KCl (K-brines) and compared with control cheeses, salted with marine NaCl. A lower weight loss was observed in cheeses salted with K-brines (K-cheeses), whereas the yield and dry matter did not differ significantly between K-cheeses and controls. After 3 months of ripening (T3), the distribution of the Na cations (Na) was centripetal, with a higher Na concentration in the outer (0–3 cm of depth) layer, whereas the K cations (K) seemed to diffuse into the cheese more rapidly and homogeneously. Starting from the 6th month (T6), the distribution of both Na and K was stabilized through the different cheese layers. The use of the brine with the highest concentration of potassium (53.8% K) enabled us to successfully halve the Na content compared to the controls whereas, with the other brines, the reduction of Na was below 30%. At the end of ripening (T9), all the cheeses were without defects and the partial substitution of Na with K did not impact on the chemical composition, microbiological characteristics and ripening process. The sensory evaluation did not show any difference between K-salted and control cheeses in discriminant analysis.

scholarly journals Technical note: Serum total protein and immunoglobulin G concentrations in neonatal dairy calves over the first 10 days of age

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 6430-6436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jensine Wilm ◽  
Joao H.C. Costa ◽  
Heather W. Neave ◽  
Daniel M. Weary ◽  
Marina A.G. von Keyserlingk
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Serum Total Protein

scholarly journals The Effects of Dairy Management on Milk Quality Characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pylyp Petrov ◽  
Yaroslava Zhukova ◽  
Demikhov Yuriy
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dairy Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conventional Milk

The article focuses on the impact of different dairy management types on quality characteristics of organic and conventional milk. The study was conducted during 9 months (spring-autumn), raw milk samples were collected from organic and conventional dairy farms from two Ukrainian regions. The milk samples were analyzed for dry matter, total protein and non-protein nitrogen, ammonia content and values of stable isotopes 13С/12С were measured in fat and milk protein fractions. The values of dry matter, total protein, true protein and non-protein nitrogen content do not represent a statistically significant effect of farming type. The values of ammonia content, ammonia/non-protein nitrogen and ammonia/total protein ratios were statistically significant and reflected the impact of farming type which is, probably, linked with different protein content in cows’ diet. Conversion of some parameters on the dry matter allows more precise differentiation among types of milk, including statistically significant differences (e.g. total protein and ammonia content). The values of δ13C in fat fraction (-26.00‰) and protein fraction (-22.89‰) of organic milk were statistically significant differed in comparison with conventional milk (-23.14 ‰ and -19.15‰ respectively), due to the high amount of maize in the diet on conventional farm. The values of Δδ13C also were statistically significant: 3.99‰ in conventional milk and 3.11‰ in organic. It was established that conventional milk has a greater range of the different parameter seasonal variations than organic milk.

scholarly journals Utilization of whole pods of Albizia saman in diets of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
O. O. Oduguwa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Albizia Saman

The effect of graded levels of whole pods of Albizia saman (Rain tree) on the performance nutrient utilization and haematology of growing rabbits were studied. Four experimental diets were formulated which contained 100, 200 and 300g whole pods of A. saman of diet. Forty-eight growing hybrid rabbits with average initial weight of 828.2g were used for the experiment. They were alloted on weight equalization basis to four dietary treatments that is 12 animals per treatment. The animals were housed individually and fed ad libitum with the respective diets through the eight weeks experimental period. Data on body weight, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio were monitored. Metabolic trials were also carried out in the course of the experiment and the digestibility of dry matter and the proximate contents of the feed were determined. Some haematological indices of the experimental animals were also assayed, these include: packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, serum total protein, serum albumin and serum creatine. Results showed that the dietary treatments had significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio. Rabbits fed 100g kg-1 A. saman diet had similar performance with those on the control diet (0g kg-1 A. saman) and performed better (P<0.05) than those fed 200g kg-1 and 300g kg-1 A. saman diets. The digestibility values of dry matter and other proximate fractions of the dietary treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05). However, when only the A. saman diets were considered, rabbits fed 100g kg-1 had the highest but non-significant digestibility values for all the measurement taken. The mean values for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, serum total protein and serum albumin decreased with increasing level of inclusion of A. saman. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the values of red blood cells and serum creatine. It was concluded that inclusion of whole pods of A. saman up to 100g kg-1 level in the diets of growing rabbits gave best results with no adverse effect on performance and nutrient digestibility.   

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
Wincy S. C. Chan ◽  
Philip S. L. Beh ◽  
Fiona W. S. Yau ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

Using Work Domain Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of Digitization on Command and Control

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Jenkins ◽  
Neville A. Stanton ◽  
Paul M. Salmon ◽  
Guy H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Command And Control ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Work Domain Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Domain
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