scholarly journals The Addition of Lactobacillus spp., Enrofloxacin or Doxycycline Negatively Affects the Viability of Mycoplasma bovis in Diluted Bovine Semen

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 837
Author(s):  
Ana García-Galán ◽  
Ángel Gómez-Martín ◽  
Esther Bataller ◽  
Jesús Gomis ◽  
Antonio Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Initial Source ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Mycoplasma bovis is an important etiologic agent of bovine mycoplasmosis in cattle. Different transmission routes have been described, including those related to reproduction. The presence of mycoplasma in semen has led to its appearance in infection-free areas through artificial insemination (AI). Semen was recently reported to be the initial source of two M. bovis mastitis outbreaks in two closed dairy herds in Finland. This questions the effectiveness of the antimicrobials currently used in semen extenders to control the pathogens in contaminated semen. They should be re-evaluated, or alternative measures to antimicrobials should be tested to obtain M. bovis-free semen. This in vitro study aimed to assess different strategies to reduce the risk of transmission of M. bovis through AI technologies. The viability of M. bovis (PG45, NCTC 10131) in bull semen diluted (DS) in a Tris-citrate-fructose solution was tested, after the addition of enrofloxacin, doxycycline or a Lactobacillus spp.-based probiotic. The data show the susceptibility of the pathogen to the addition of 0.125 μg/mL of enrofloxacin or 0.0625 μg/mL of doxycycline and to the addition of the probiotic at a concentration of 3.24 × 106 colony forming units (CFU)/mL or 3.24 × 108 CFU/mL in DS. The Tris-citrate-fructose medium negatively affected the viability of M. bovis, although this effect was lower than that observed after the addition of the probiotic and antimicrobials (p < 0.05). Our results may support new strategies for reducing the risk of M. bovis transmission through AI.

scholarly journals Cross-Contamination Risk of Dental Tray Adhesives: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6138
Author(s):  
Isabel Paczkowski ◽  
Catalina S. Stingu ◽  
Sebastian Hahnel ◽  
Angelika Rauch ◽  
Oliver Schierz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Liquid Samples ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of cross-contamination in dental tray adhesives with reusable brush systems. Methods: Four dental tray adhesives with different disinfectant components were examined for risk as a potential transmission medium for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus oralis, and Candida albicans. Bacterial and fungal strains were mixed with artificial saliva. The contaminated saliva was intentionally added to tray adhesive liquid samples. At baseline and up to 60 min, 100 microliters of each sample were collected and cultivated aerobically on Columbia and Sabouraud agar for 24 or 48 h, respectively. Results: At baseline, contamination with Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans could be identified in three out of four adhesives. In the subsequent samples, low counts of up to 20 colony-forming units per milliliter could be observed for Staphylococcus aureus. All other strains did not form colonies at baseline or subsequently. Adhesives with isopropanol or ethyl acetate as disinfectant additives were most effective in preventing contamination, while adhesives with hydrogen chloride or acetone as a disinfectant additive were the least effective. Conclusion: Within 15 min, the tested adhesives appeared to be sufficiently bactericidal and fungicidal against all microorganisms tested.

scholarly journals Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to Nanoceramic and Nanohybrid Resin Composites: An In vitro Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Krishnakanth Jaju ◽  
Iffat Nasim
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Control

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the cariogenic microorganisms. The restorative materials which harbor a biofilm with high number of S. mutans can accelerate the occurrence of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adherence of S. mutans to nanoceramic and nanohybrid resin composites. Fifteen discs of each material (Nanohybrid resin composite, Nanoceramic resin composite) were prepared, polished, and sterilized in a gamma radiation chamber. Specimens were exposed to the S. mutans bacterial suspension (0.5 McFarland) and were incubated for 4 hours. Specimens were rinsed and sonicated in normal saline, 10 μl of the obtained suspension was cultured in a sterile blood agar medium. After 24 hours, the number of colony forming units of S. mutans was counted. A sterility test control was considered for each group of materials. The data was analyzed by Independent t test. The means and standard deviations of the logarithmic counts of the colonies on the surfaces of nanohybrid resin composites and nanoceramic resin composite were equal to 3.2±0.87 and 2.8±0.324 respectively. Ceram X Universal did not show any significant difference in the bacterial adhesion compared to Filtek Z350XT. Both composites showed similar behaviour in terms of S. mutans colonization in a simple biofilm formation model.

Effect of Five Commercial Probiotic Formulations on Candida Albicans Growth: In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Liz Mariana Hernández-Bautista ◽  
Raúl Márquez-Preciado ◽  
Marine Ortiz-Magdaleno ◽  
Amaury Pozos-Guillén ◽  
Saray Aranda-Romo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Commercial Probiotics ◽  
De Man

Purpose: The objective was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium recovered from five commercial probiotics on the growth of C. albicans. Study design: The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains of five commercial probiotics were recovered and grown: Probio Hp+®, ProBiseis®, Lactipan®, Liolactil®, and Lacteol Fort®; 50 mg of each was hydrated and grown in Lactobacilli MRS (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) broth and incubated at 37°C with stirring (120 RPM) for 24 hours. Serial dilutions of 10−1 to 10−7 were made and viability was verified and quantified. For the antagonism tests, a suspension/inoculum of Lactobacillus strains recovered from each commercial preparation (4–30 × 109) and C. albicans ATCC 90028 (1.5–8 × 108) was prepared in MRS broth and incubated for 48 hours at 36°C, then plated on Dextrose Sabouraud Agar with Chloramphenicol and Rogosa Agar and the colony-forming units (CFU) were quantified. Additionally, viability was evaluated using the LIVE/DEAD® Yeast and Bacterial Viability kit. Results: The probiotic that produced the highest acidity of the medium was Lactipan®, followed by Probiseis® and Liolactil®, while Probio Hp+® showed the least change. Probiseis® was determined to have the highest growth of probiotic bacteria and the highest inhibition on C. albicans, followed by Lactipan®; Liolactil® and ProbioHp+® showed the least effect. In fluorescence tests, ProBiseis® showed the best effect, followed by Liolactil® and Lactipan®; Probio Hp+® had less of an effect. Conclusions: Two commercial products (ProBiseis and Lactipan) whose formulations have L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, B. infantis, and S. thermophilus have a greater inhibitory effect on C. albicans ATCC 90028

scholarly journals Microbial Adhesion on Different Bracket Types in vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janvan Gastel ◽  
Marc Quirynen ◽  
Wim Teughels ◽  
Martine Pauwels ◽  
Wim Coucke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Microbial Adhesion ◽  
Type D ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Pigmented Bacteria

Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that there are differences in total bacterial counts and capacity for biofilm formation between seven different bracket types. Material and Methods: By means of an in vitro experiment, seven commercially available bracket systems (Damon [A], Clarity [B], Mystique [C], Speed [D], Victory MBT [E], Micro-loc [F], and Generus [G]) were compared. A total of 25 premolar brackets of each bracket system were incubated in brain heart infusion medium containing the saliva and bacteria of two orthodontic patients. After 72 hours, the amounts of aerobe and anaerobe bacteria were determined by counting the colony-forming units (CFU). The CFU ratio (aerobe/anaerobe) also was calculated, and the black pigmented bacteria were analyzed. Results: Significant differences between the different bracket types in terms of biofilm formation were found. Bracket types can be arbitrarily divided into low, intermediate, and high plaque-retaining brackets. The group with low adhesion consists of bracket types E, F, and G; the group with high adhesion of bracket types A, B, and C; and type D exhibits intermediate adhesion. The group with high microbial adhesion (A, B, and C) did present significantly lower CFU ratios (aerobe/anaerobe) than were exhibited by the other bracket systems (P &lt; .05). Conclusion: The hypothesis is accepted. Orthodontic brackets serve as different loci for biofilm formation; in this in vitro study, significant differences were noted between the different types of brackets.

scholarly journals Antibacterial effect of a hyperosmotic solution containing sorbate and ethanol on Enterococcus faecalis in planktonic form and as biofilm: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Mónica Elizabeth Rojas Briones ◽  
Ricardo Oliva Rodríguez ◽  
Omar González Ortega ◽  
Ana María González Amaro ◽  
Jairo Mariel Cárdenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Planktonic Form ◽  
Planktonic State

The antibacterial effect of a hyperosmotic solution containing sorbate and ethanol on E. faecalis in planktonic state and in biofilm was evaluated. Three hyperosmotic solutions (HS-A, HS-B y HS-C) were obtained from different formulations of potassium sorbate and sodium chloride, which were tested as antimicrobials against planktonic forms of E. faecalis, in McFarland standards from 0.5 to 7, using the sedimentation technique and colony forming units (CFU) count. Afterwards an E. faecalis biofilm was produced in the palatal roots of upper first molars, by a static method in 21 days; subsequently they were prepared biomechanically by the Universal Protaper system, using the hyperosmotic solution B as an irrigant to evaluate the bacterial load reduction. One pre-instrumentation sample and one post-instrumentation sample were taken, and then were processed and cultivated to count CFU. Consecutively, roots were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The hyperosmotic solution had an important antibacterial effect when used against E. faecalis in planktonic state; solutions HS-A and HS-B were effective in eliminating E. faecalis up to 7 McFarland, while a statistical difference (p˂0.001) was observed in reducing the bacterial load in the biofilm, based on the log10 CFU count. The final solution tested seemed not to harm the dentinal structure and was capable of causing morphological changes to the bacterial cell consistent with a hyperosmotic shock. Thus, the solutions tested could be an option to be considered as irrigating agents; nonetheless further research is required regarding its biocompatibility.

scholarly journals Machined titanium disc decontamination using photodynamic therapy: an in vitro study

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Biondi Filho ◽  
Patrícia Fernanda Roesler Bertolini ◽  
Flávia Magnani Bevilacqua ◽  
Luciano Lauria Dib
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Titanium Disc ◽  
Colony Forming Units

ObjectiveThis study investigated less invasive protocols that do not injure peri-implant tissues during implant surface decontamination and evaluated, in vitro, the efficacyof microbiological decontamination of machined surface titanium discs with photodynamic therapy.MethodsForty eight titanium disc contaminated with 10μL of a Streptococcus sanguinis suspension were randomly divided into groups: 1) titanium disc contaminated with Ss (titanium disc suspension) without treatment; 2) titanium disc suspension rinsed with saline solution; 3) titanium disc suspension rinsed with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate; 4) titanium disc suspension treated with Photosensitizer Methilene Blue; 5) titanium disc suspension treated with Photosensitizer Methilene Blue associated with laser diode; 6) titanium disc suspension treated with diode laser. After the treatments, the titanium disc were submersed in 3mL of sterile brain-heart infusion broth under aerobic conditions at 37ºC for 48 hours. Three petri plates were seeded per sample and maintained under aerobic conditions at 37ºC for 48 hours, after which the number of colony forming units per milliliter was counted.ResultsThe Kruskal-Wallis test complemented by Dunn test showed that chlorhexidine digluconate eliminated titanium disc contamination (p<0.05). All the other groups (2, 4, 5, 6) had fewer colony-forming units than group 1 (p<0.05).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, Photodynamic Therapy reduced titanium disc contamination but was not better than 0.2 % chlorhexidine digluconate rinsing.Indexing terms: Chlorhexidine. Implant. Laser. Titanium.

The Effectiveness of Three Instrumentation Techniques on the Elimination of Entererococcus Faecalis from a Root Canal: An In Vitro Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Çolak ◽  
Sinan Evcil ◽  
Y. Ziya Bayindir ◽  
Nimet Yigit
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After

Abstract The in vitro reduction of a bacterial population in a root canal by mechanical instrumentation using three techniques was evaluated. Root canals inoculated with a Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) suspension were instrumented using hand Hedstroem files, Giromatic files, and Hero 642 rotary instruments. Irrigation was performed using sterile saline solution. Root canals were sampled before and after instrumentation. After serial dilutions, samples were plated onto Mitis-Salivarius agar and the colony forming units grown were counted. All instruments tested were able to significantly reduce the number of bacterial cells in the root canal, however, the results of this study indicated that Hedstroem files, Giromatic, and Hero 642 techniques were not significantly different in their ability to reduce intracanal bacteria. Citation Colak M, Evcil S, Bayindir Y, Yigit N. The Effectiveness of Three Instrumentation Techniques on the Elimination of Enterococcus Faecalis from a Root Canal: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:094-106.

Methods for Removing Bacterial Biofilms: In Vitro Study using Clinical Chronic Rhinosinusitis Specimens

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Desrosiers ◽  
Matthew Myntti ◽  
Garth James
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Hydrodynamic Delivery

Background Bacterial biofilms may be involved in refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In vitro, we studied methods for removing biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods Bacterial isolates were obtained from patients with refractory CRS and were plated and treated with either static administration of citric acid/zwitterionic surfactant (CAZS), saline delivered with hydrodynamic force, or CAZS delivered hydrodynamically. Results were assessed by counting colony-forming units (CFUs) and by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Results All treatments produced significant reductions in CFU counts (p ≥ 0.002). Hydrodynamic CAZS provided the greatest reduction, decreasing CFU counts from control values by 3.9 ± 0.3 logs and 5.2 ± 0.5 logs for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively (99.9% reduction; p = 0.001). CSLM showed decreases in biofilm coverage. Conclusion Hydrodynamic delivery of a soap-like surfactant and a calcium-ion sequestering agent may disrupt biofilms associated with CRS. Our results may be relevant to a new approach to refractory CRS.

scholarly journals Photoinhibition of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm-Induced Lesions in Human Dentin by Violet-Blue Light

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Gomez Felix Gomez ◽  
Frank Lippert ◽  
Masatoshi Ando ◽  
Andrea F. Zandona ◽  
George J. Eckert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Supernatant Liquid ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Mineral Loss

This in vitro study determined the effectiveness of violet-blue light on Streptococcus mutans (UA159) biofilm induced dentinal lesions. Biofilm was formed on human dentin specimens in a 96-well microtiter plate and incubated for 13 h in the presence of tryptic soy broth (TSB) or TSB supplemented with 1% sucrose (TSBS). Violet-blue light (405 nm) from quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLFTM) was used to irradiate the biofilm. Supernatant liquid was removed, and the biofilm was irradiated continuously with QLF for 5 min twice daily with an interval of 6 h for 5 d, except with one treatment on the final day. Colony forming units (CFU) of the treated biofilm, changes in fluorescence (∆F; QLF-Digital BiluminatorTM), lesion depth (L), and integrated mineral loss (∆Z; both transverse microradiography) were quantified at the end of the fifth day. Statistical analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA), testing at a 5% significance level. In the violet-blue light irradiated groups, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of bacterial viability (CFU) of S. mutans with TSB and TSBS. Violet-blue light irradiation resulted in the reduction of ∆F and L of the dentinal surface with TSBS. These results indicate that violet-blue light has the capacity to reduce S. mutans cell numbers.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Simarouba glauca (Lakshmi Taru) Plant Extract against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Sree L Varada ◽  
Jenaki E Veetil ◽  
Ganesh C Nair
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Simarouba Glauca

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of Simarouba glauca plant extract as intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis and to compare its effect with that of metapex (calcium hydroxide with iodoform paste). Materials and methods In the study, 30 human premolar teeth infected with E. faecalis were used. Contaminated teeth were randomly separated into three groups (n = 10) and treated as follows: Group I, calcium hydroxide-based medication; group II, S. glauca-based medication; and group III, contaminated teeth without medication. After 7 days of treatment, teeth from each group were assessed for the level of microbial growth after a period of treatment. Results Metapex and S. glauca were associated with a reduction in E. faecalis after removal of the dressing; however, saline is associated with an increase in colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter. Conclusion In this laboratory study using extracted teeth, S. glauca (Lakshmi Taru) was able to significantly reduce the CFU per milliliter values of E. faecalis in the root canal system similar to metapex. How to cite this article Varada SL, Veetil JE, Nair GC. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Simarouba glauca (Lakshmi Taru) Plant Extract against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: An in vitro Study. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(2):43-47.

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