scholarly journals Equine Cervical Pain and Dysfunction: Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Melinda R. Story ◽  
Kevin K. Haussler ◽  
Yvette S. Nout-Lomas ◽  
Tawfik A. Aboellail ◽  
Christopher E. Kawcak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cervical Pain ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Starting Point

Interest in the cervical spine as a cause of pain or dysfunction is increasingly becoming the focus of many equine practitioners. Many affected horses are presented for poor performance, while others will present with dramatic, sometimes dangerous behavior. Understanding and distinguishing the different types of neck pain is a starting point to comprehending how the clinical presentations can vary so greatly. There are many steps needed to systematically evaluate the various tissues of the cervical spine to determine which components are contributing to cervical pain and dysfunction. Osseous structures, soft tissues and the central and the peripheral nervous system may all play a role in these various clinical presentations. After completing the clinical evaluation, several imaging modalities may be implemented to help determine the underlying pathologic processes. There are multiple treatment options available and each must be carefully chosen for an individual horse. Provided is a synopsis of the current knowledge as to different disease processes that can result in cervical pain and dysfunction, diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies. Improving the knowledge in these areas will ideally help to return horses to a state of well-being that can be maintained over time and through the rigors of their job or athletic endeavors.

scholarly journals Autophagy and salivary gland cancer: A putative target for salivary gland tumors

Tumor Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 101042832098056
Author(s):  
Evangelos Koustas ◽  
Panagiotis Sarantis ◽  
Margarita Theodorakidou ◽  
Michalis V Karamouzis ◽  
Stamatios Theocharis
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Salivary Gland Cancer ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Salivary Gland Carcinomas

Salivary gland carcinomas are a group of heterogeneous tumors of different histological subtypes, presenting relatively low incidence but the entire variable of types. Although novel treatment options for salivary gland carcinomas patients’ outcomes have improved, the treatment of this type of cancer is still not standardized. In addition, a significant number of patients, with a lack of optimal treatment strategies, have reduced survival. In the last two decades, a plethora of evidence pointed to the importance of autophagy, an essential catabolic process of cytoplasmatic component digestion, in cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies highlight the importance of autophagy in salivary gland carcinomas development as a tumor suppressor or promoter mechanism. Despite the potential of autophagy in salivary gland carcinomas development, no therapies are currently available that specifically focus on autophagy modulation in salivary gland carcinomas. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and clinical trials in regard to the interplay between autophagy and the development of salivary gland carcinomas. Autophagy manipulation may be a putative therapeutic strategy for salivary gland carcinomas patients.

Unravelling mechanisms of cisplatin sensitivity and resistance in testicular cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Koster ◽  
M.A.T.M. van Vugt ◽  
H. Timmer-Bosscha ◽  
J.A. Gietema ◽  
S. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Oct4 Expression ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Cisplatin Sensitivity ◽  
Low Levels

Testicular cancer is the most frequent solid malignant tumour type in men 20–40 years of age. At the time of diagnosis up to 50% of the patients suffer from metastatic disease. In contrast to most other metastatic solid tumours, the majority of metastatic testicular cancer patients can be cured with highly effective cisplatin-based chemotherapy. This review aims to summarise the current knowledge on response to chemotherapy and the biological basis of cisplatin-induced apoptosis in testicular cancer. The frequent presence of wild-typeTP53and the low levels of p53 in complex with the p53 negative feed-back regulator MDM2 contribute to cisplatin sensitivity. Moreover, the high levels of the pluripotency regulator Oct4 and as a consequence of Oct4 expression high levels of miR-17/106b seed family and pro-apoptotic Noxa and the low levels of cytoplasmic p21 (WAF1/Cip1) appear to be causative for the exquisite sensitivity to cisplatin-based therapy of testicular cancer. However, resistance of testicular cancer to cisplatin-based therapy does occur and can be mediated through aberrant levels of the above mentioned key players. Drugs targeting these key players showed, at least pre-clinically, a sensitising effect to cisplatin treatment. Further clinical development of such treatment strategies will lead to new treatment options for platinum-resistant testicular cancers.

scholarly journals Current Treatment Options for Cystic Fibrosis-Related Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Staufer
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Near Future

Cystic Fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD) has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), and affects children and adults. The understanding of the pathogenesis of CFLD is key in order to develop efficacious treatments. However, it remains complex, and has not been clarified to the last. The search for a drug might be additionally complicated due to the diverse clinical picture and lack of a unified definition of CFLD. Although ursodeoxycholic acid has been used for decades, its efficacy in CFLD is controversial, and the potential of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) modulators and targeted gene therapy in CFLD needs to be defined in the near future. This review focuses on the current knowledge on treatment strategies for CFLD based on pathomechanistic viewpoints.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Emergence of Drug Resistance in Candida Opportunistic Pathogens

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ksiezopolska ◽  
Toni Gabaldón
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms

Fungal infections, such as candidiasis caused by Candida, pose a problem of growing medical concern. In developed countries, the incidence of Candida infections is increasing due to the higher survival of susceptible populations, such as immunocompromised patients or the elderly. Existing treatment options are limited to few antifungal drug families with efficacies that vary depending on the infecting species. In this context, the emergence and spread of resistant Candida isolates are being increasingly reported. Understanding how resistance can evolve within naturally susceptible species is key to developing novel, more effective treatment strategies. However, in contrast to the situation of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, few studies have focused on the evolutionary mechanisms leading to drug resistance in fungal species. In this review, we will survey and discuss current knowledge on the genetic bases of resistance to antifungal drugs in Candida opportunistic pathogens. We will do so from an evolutionary genomics perspective, focusing on the possible evolutionary paths that may lead to the emergence and selection of the resistant phenotype. Finally, we will discuss the potential of future studies enabled by current developments in sequencing technologies, in vitro evolution approaches, and the analysis of serial clinical isolates.

scholarly journals Cervicogenic headache: mechanisms, evaluation and treatment strategies

2001 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (1-2) ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
D. Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Cervicogenic Headache

Cervicogenic pain is a chronic hemicranial pain syndrome that develops head pathology of the cervical spine or soft tissues of the neck.

Zinner’s syndrome, a retrospective series of three cases: different strategies to the same problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e242757
Author(s):  
Teresa Pina-Vaz ◽  
Nuno Dias ◽  
Carlos Martins Silva ◽  
João Alturas Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Zinner’S Syndrome

A 106 years have passed since Zinner’s syndrome was first described and current knowledge is still almost exclusively based on case reports. This article presents three patients with Zinner’s syndrome with different clinical presentations and consequent different treatment options, showing the possible full spectrum of this condition. The first patient presented with storage lower urinary tract symptoms and benefited from laparoscopic removal of the seminal vesicle. The second patient has an incidental diagnosis on CT and remains asymptomatic on follow-up. The third patient presented with persistent lumbar pain and underwent open surgical removal of the seminal vesicle. The authors further present a literature review of the current knowledge on this topic, hopefully to clarify the state of art and improve the management of these patients.

scholarly journals True Hemifacial Hyperplasia-Clinical Presentations and Treatment Options

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuna Laila Mathew ◽  
Renu Mathew ◽  
Gibi Syriac ◽  
Joe Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformation ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Face Region ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Exact Etiology

Congenital hemifacial hyperplasia (CHFH) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by marked unilateral overdevelopment of the hard and soft tissues of the head and face region. The exact etiology is not clear; it is usually evident at birth and increases with age, mostly till puberty. In some cases multiple systems are involved. Treatment is usually indicated in cases where esthetics is a concern. A 6 year old female reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with the features of congenital hemifacial hyperplasia, we are making an attempt to present a rare case of CHFH in order to highlight the clinical manifestations and treatment options.

Prospective Memory Development Across the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Zuber ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Integrative Framework

Abstract. Prospective Memory (PM; i.e., the ability to remember to perform planned tasks) represents a key proxy of healthy aging, as it relates to older adults’ everyday functioning, autonomy, and personal well-being. The current review illustrates how PM performance develops across the lifespan and how multiple cognitive and non-cognitive factors influence this trajectory. Further, a new, integrative framework is presented, detailing how those processes interplay in retrieving and executing delayed intentions. Specifically, while most previous models have focused on memory processes, the present model focuses on the role of executive functioning in PM and its development across the lifespan. Finally, a practical outlook is presented, suggesting how the current knowledge can be applied in geriatrics and geropsychology to promote healthy aging by maintaining prospective abilities in the elderly.

Considering a Potential Role of Linalool as a Mood Stabilizer for Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5128-5133
Author(s):  
Kate Levenberg ◽  
Wade Edris ◽  
Martha Levine ◽  
Daniel R. George
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Short And Long Term

Epidemiologic studies suggest that the lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders ranges from 2.8 to 6.5 percent of the population. To decrease morbidity and mortality associated with disease progression, pharmacologic intervention is indicated for the majority of these patients. While a number of effective treatment regimens exist, many conventional medications have significant side effect profiles that adversely impact patients’ short and long-term well-being. It is thus important to continue advancing and improving therapeutic options available to patients. This paper reviews the limitations of current treatments and examines the chemical compound Linalool, an alcohol found in many plant species, that may serve as an effective mood stabilizer. While relatively little is known about Linalool and bipolar disorder, the compound has been shown to have antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anti-depressive, and neurotrophic effects, with mechanisms that are comparable to current bipolar disorder treatment options.

Using Naïve Bayes Algorithm to Estimate the Response to Drug in Lung Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 734-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoling Guo ◽  
Qiuxiang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Bayes Algorithm

Aim and Objective: Lung cancer is a highly heterogeneous cancer, due to the significant differences in molecular levels, resulting in different clinical manifestations of lung cancer patients there is a big difference. Including disease characterization, drug response, the risk of recurrence, survival, etc. Method: Clinical patients with lung cancer do not have yet particularly effective treatment options, while patients with lung cancer resistance not only delayed the treatment cycle but also caused strong side effects. Therefore, if we can sum up the abnormalities of functional level from the molecular level, we can scientifically and effectively evaluate the patients' sensitivity to treatment and make the personalized treatment strategies to avoid the side effects caused by over-treatment and improve the prognosis. Result & Conclusion: According to the different sensitivities of lung cancer patients to drug response, this study screened out genes that were significantly associated with drug resistance. The bayes model was used to assess patient resistance.

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