scholarly journals Pathological Study of Facial Eczema (Pithomycotoxicosis) in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Miguel Fernández ◽  
Valentín Pérez ◽  
Miguel Fuertes ◽  
Julio Benavides ◽  
José Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Ductular Reaction ◽  
Pattern Characteristic ◽  
Facial Eczema

Facial eczema (FE) is a secondary photosensitization disease of farm ruminants caused by the sporidesmin A, produced in the spores of the saprophytic fungus Pithomyces chartarum. This study communicates an outbreak of ovine FE in Asturias (Spain) and characterizes the serum biochemical pattern and the immune response that may contribute to liver damage, favoring cholestasis and the progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Animals showed clinical signs of photosensitivity, with decrease of daily weight gain and loss of wool and crusting for at least 6 months after the FE outbreak. Serum activity of γ-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased in sheep with skin lesions. In the acute phase, edematous skin lesions in the head, hepatocytic and canalicular cholestasis in centrilobular regions, presence of neutrophils in small clumps surrounding deposits of bile pigment, ductular proliferation, as well as cholemic nephrosis, were observed. Macrophages, stained positively for MAC387, were found in areas of canalicular cholestasis. In the chronic phase, areas of alopecia and crusting were seen in the head, and the liver was atrophic with large regeneration nodules and gallstones. Fibrosis around dilated bile ducts, “typical” and “atypical” ductular reaction and an inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and pigmented macrophages, with iron deposits and lipofuscin, were found. The surviving parenchyma persisted with a jigsaw pattern characteristic of biliary cirrhosis. Concentric and eccentric myointimal proliferation was found in arteries near damaged bile ducts. In cirrhotic livers, stellated cells, ductular reaction, ectatic bile ducts and presence of M2 macrophages and lymphocytes, were observed in areas of bile ductular reaction.

SURGICAL EXPLORATION IN OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE OF INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Thomas V. Santulli ◽  
Ruth C. Harris ◽  
Keith Reemtsma
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Intestinal Anastomoses ◽  
Surgical Exploration ◽  
Frozen Section Examination

From a review of 71 cases and an evaluation of frozen-section examinations of liver biopsies, the authors propose the following method of management of infants with prolonged obstructive jaundice. All patients are carefully selected on the basis of history, clinical findings and appropriate laboratory investigation. Laboratory studies found to aid in the differential diagnosis are: serial determinations of bilirubin (conjugated and unconjugated) in the serum, zinc sulfate turbidity test, cholesterol and cholesterol esters in serum, estimation of bile pigment in urine and stool, studies of the maternal and infant blood factors and erythrocyte fragility. Determinations that have not been useful in the differential diagnosis are: cholesterol esterase, alkaline phosphatase and cephalin fiocculation.19 The activity of transaminases in the serum may prove helpful and are currently under study. The measurement of the prothrombin time should be included in the preoperative studies. If the diagnosis is impossible by the age of 7 weeks, then surgical exploration is carried out. This consists of exposing the liver, taking a biopsy for frozen-section examination and performing a cholangiogram, if possible. With increasing experience, confidence has been acquired in interpretation of the frozen-section of the liver biopsy at this age. The authors are convinced of its value in helping the surgeon establish the diagnosis before proceeding with further exploration of the bile ducts. By this method of management, surgical exploration need not be delayed beyond 7 weeks of age. Thus a patient with congenital atresia of the bile ducts, who may be fortunate enough to have a correctable lesion, will not be deprived of the only possible chance of cure. At this age it is unlikely that biliary cirrhosis will have progressed to a severe degree. Admittedly, it would be preferable to explore such a case earlier, but more experience is needed in diagnosis by frozen-section examination at an earlier age. It does not appear that any patient with hepatitis or other non-surgical condition has been harmed either by the anesthesia or surgical trauma attendant on this limited procedure. One of the greatest advantages of the frozen-section examination has been the information provided to the surgeon at a crucial time during the exploration. With this information the surgeon should be able to avoid unnecessary exploration of the bile ducts and possible injury to patent ducts, as well as unnecessary biliary-intestinal anastomoses which have been performed in the past because of mistaken diagnoses.

scholarly journals Photosensitization in Cattle Caused by Spontaneous and Experimentally Ingestion of Stryphnodendron fissuratum

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Neylisa Dario Lazaro ◽  
Flavia Barbieri Bacha ◽  
Rayane Chitolina Pupin ◽  
Juliana Paniago Lordello de Paula ◽  
Paula Velozo Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Histopathological Lesions ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Natural Outbreak

Background: Stryphnodendron fissuratum is a tree from the Brazilian Cerrado. Its fruit is toxic to cattle and can cause clinical digestive signs, hepatogenous photosensitization, and abortion. Cases of poisoning in cattle, goats and guinea pigs have been experimentally reproduced; however, photosensitization could not be reproduced. The aim of this work was to describe an outbreak of natural poisoning and experimental reproduction in cattle, both with hepatogenous photosensitization.Materials, Methods & Results: Its described and natural outbreak and an experimental poisoning. In the outbreak, three bovines in the acute phase and three in the chronic phase were examined. Blood samples were collected from all of these animals in order to measure serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), urea, and creatinine. The first three animals underwent necropsy and histopathological evaluation. The experiment was conducted with two nine-month-old calves that received an oral paste made with crushed S. fissuratum fruits mixed with water. These fruits were collected at a farm at which cattle poisoning cases had occurred. Blood samples were collected in order to measure serum levels of AST, GGT, urea, and creatinine, before plant administration and then daily during the experimental period. Skin biopsies were taken before plant administration and new one after the first signs of skin lesions. The natural outbreak affected 52 of 160 bovine (31 calves and 21 cows) in the lot. Two calves and 14 cows died. Clinical signs consisted of depression, ataxia, incoordination, behavioral changes, decubitus, and death. One animal that died and 36 others that recovered had photodermatitis. Necropsy findings in the animals consisted of bad corporal condition, pale kidneys, evidence of liver lobular pattern, dry rumen contents, and full bladder. In two animals, fruit seeds were found in the rumen, and one animal had ulcers and transmural edema in the abomasum. Microscopically, mild to moderate renal tubular distension, accumulation of proteinaceous material in lumen with mild to moderate swelling, and epithelial necrosis. In the liver, swelling of hepatocytes and moderate bile stasis was detected. Enzymes values in all evaluated bovines were higher than those considered normal for the species. Experimentally, both calves became ill and one died. The clinical signs were apathy, inappetence, wobbling, weight loss, and goosebumps. One of them had jaundice, tearing, photophobia, ear skin detachment, and ulcers at the muzzle, nostrils and ventral face of the tongue. This animal was euthanized in extremis, and the necropsy findings showed generalized jaundice, evidence of increased liver lobular pattern, thick bile, pale kidneys, and esophageal, tongue, and epiglottal ulcers. Microscopically, the lesions were similar to those described during the natural outbreak. The skin biopsy from the calf that recovered showed perivascular edema and mild eosinophilia.Discussion: The diagnosis was made based on clinical signs, necropsy findings, histopathological lesions, and epidemiological analysis. Experimentally, the plant was toxic at the administered doses. Photosensitization was the most common clinical sign during the natural outbreak and until now, has never been experimentally reproduced. Based on histopathological lesions observed in this study, we can consider that is from hepatogenous origin. The results showed that the kidney lesions have an important role during the pathogenesis caused by this poisoning and during disease evolution.

Some skin conditions in pigs: types, control and prevention

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 300-308
Author(s):  
John Carr ◽  
Mark Howells ◽  
William Hersey
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Careful Clinical Examination ◽  
Welfare Problem ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Veterinary Surgeon ◽  
Skin Conditions

Skin conditions in pigs are common problems presented to the veterinary surgeon. A careful clinical examination, especially considering the age of the pig and the distribution of the lesions, all aids making an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. Pain management is essential in clinical management. Sarcoptic mange is a condition that can be eliminated from pigs and should be considered a welfare problem. Ear necrosis and trauma injuries can be particularly problematic and must be treated aggressively. African swine fever (ASF) presents with a range of clinical signs including skin lesions, and all veterinary surgeons must be able to put ASF as a differential where appropriate.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of children, inmates of a small institution for homeless children in the capital of the State of S. Paulo, Brazil

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Wilson ◽  
Maria José Roncada ◽  
Rosa Nilda Mazzilli ◽  
Maria Lucia F. Cavalcanti ◽  
Dino B. G. Pattoli
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Homeless Children ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Skinfold Measurement ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Nutritional surveys (food consumption, clinical and biochemichal) were conducted in a small institution for homeless children. Results showed that only 30% of the children presented adequate calorie intake. Most of the children presented adequate protein intake, but almost half consumed less than 2/3 of the calcium RDA considered necessary. Food handling, processing, and distribution also proved inadequate and wastage, high. Skinfold measurement showed up one case of obesity. Furthermore, most of the children presented clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency, mostly skin lesions; while about half presented clinical signs of riboflavin deficiency. Biochemical data showed that 63.6% had deficient plasma levels of vitamin A, none showed abnormal results for riboflavin excretion, four showed packed blood cell volume below normal, and all had normal hemoglobin levels. Stool examinations revealed a high rate of pathogenic protozoa (Hymenolepis nana), in fact, one of the highest in Brazilian literature.

Topical treatment of multiple erosive, ulcerative skin lesions in an Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Teresa M. S. A. Boehm ◽  
Christoph J. Klinger ◽  
Christine Gohl ◽  
Maike Lücht ◽  
Katja N. Baumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Topical Product ◽  
Dermatological Examination ◽  
Systemic Antibiotic Therapy

AbstractA 30-year-old, intact female Indian rhinoceros (Rhinocerus unicornis) was presented with ongoing erosive, ulcerative skin lesions over a 4-year-period. The lesions appeared to be non-pruritic and non-seasonal. A systemic antibiotic therapy had been unsuccessful. The dermatological examination showed 8 diffusely demarcated areas of erosion, focal ulceration, mild crusting, and moderate erythema ranging from 8 to 20 cm in diameter, bilaterally on the lateral edges of the torso armor plates. The patient had no other clinical abnormalities. Coccoid and rod-shaped bacteria were identified on cytology and a bacterial culture revealed Escherichia coli spp., Staphylococcus dysgalacticae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Corynebacterium spp. and Micrococus spp. A topical product line containing essential fatty acids and plant extracts was administered daily, using a spot-on, spray and balm. Within 3 weeks a substantial alleviation of clinical signs was observed. Multiple impression smears of the lesions and a bacterial culture were negative by day 21. The patient achieved complete remission within 4 months of treatment and maintained remission for the 2-year observation period with continued use of the medication. Topically administered therapeutics containing essential fatty acids and plant extracts may offer a viable treatment option for recurrent cases of bacterial infectious skin lesions in Indian rhinocerotidae.

scholarly journals Primary biliary cirrhosis and myopathy: an uncommon association

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Cupertino Migueletto ◽  
Abrahão Elias Hallack Neto ◽  
Elaine Zamora Domingues ◽  
Pedro Paulo Neves de Castro ◽  
Hartmut Stocker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Muscular Weakness ◽  
Muscular Diseases ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Organ Systems

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease, which is characterized by a chronic inflammatory destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts. It is a rare disorder whose precise etiology is still to be elucidated. Even though the liver is the principal target of PBC, other organ systems also might be affected. Muscular involvement has rarely been described in this disease, and in the majority of cases, muscular weakness has been interpreted as polymyositis. We report the case of a 48-year-old woman suffering from classic PBC, in association with a myopathy whose histological features are distinct from the cases reported before. We also performed a MEDLINE research for PBC and concomitant muscular diseases.

scholarly journals Familial Hepatitis and Chronic Jaundice

1939 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173-1184
Author(s):  
Robert Debré
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Cirrhosis Of The Liver ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Bile Pigments ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Banti's Syndrome

The author reports the history of a family of six children, of whom two, the eldest and the fifth, are normal; three died, a boy when 6 months old and two girls when 9 and 10 years old, from the same familial disease that also attacked another boy now 7 years old. The essential features of this disease are hypertrophy of both liver and spleen, chronic icterus with evidence of salts and bile-pigments in the blood and urine, retardation of physical, mental, and sexual development, slight deafness in one case and clubbing of the fingers in another. This condition is a good example of biliary cirrhosis of the liver. After reviewing recent French observations, the author recalls the large contribution of English authors on the subject. He then distinguishes three types of familial cirrhosis: Laennec's type with enlarged liver, the type of splenomegalic anascitic and anicteric cirrhosis, resembling Banti's syndrome, and the commonest type or biliary cirrhosis. The author describes particular histological lesions, and when dealing with differential diagnoses, excludes dyslipoidic, polycoric, and other acquired cirrhosis in children. He then summarizes the relationships between this disease and the obstructive cirrhosis to a congenital defect of the bile-ducts, the cirrhosis in young Indians, the syndrome of hepatic lenticular degeneration, and the syndrome of cirrhosis of the liver combined with hæmangiomatosis. Finally, after recalling the close analogy of the condition with renal dwarfism, the author shows how the interpretation of these relationships may throw light on the pathogenesis of various progressive congenital diseases.

scholarly journals Acceleration of chronic myeloid leukemia correlates with calcitonin gene hypermethylation

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 2435-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Malinen ◽  
A Palotie ◽  
S Pakkala ◽  
L Peltonen ◽  
T Ruutu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Calcitonin Gene

Abstract Calcitonin gene methylation at CCGG sites were determined in 39 chronic myeloid leukemia patients by isoschizomeric restriction endonuclease analysis. A total of 27 patients were analyzed while still in the chronic phase: 20 patients had a normal gene, and seven had a hypermethylated gene. There were 12 patients initially studied in accelerated or blastic phases. All but one patient showed gene hypermethylation, suggesting a good correlation between gene methylation and disease stage. All five patients who, while still in the chronic phase, had a major 3.1-kb hypermethylated calcitonin gene fragment, accelerated within 2 to 27 months. In consecutively analyzed patients, the initially normal calcitonin gene changed to a hypermethylated state as the disease escalated. The hypermethylation predicted disease acceleration with a median lead time of 6 months before any morphologic or clinical signs of disease progression were seen. The disease progressed in 8 of 27 patients initially studied in the chronic phase: in only two patients this occurred without predictive methylation changes. The results suggest that the assessment of calcitonin gene methylation status may be a promising tool for monitoring chronic myeloid leukemia disease escalation.

scholarly journals First detection and molecular characterisation of pseudocowpox virus in a cattle herd in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Wakwamba Ziba ◽  
Chanda Chitala ◽  
Tirumala Bharani K. Settypalli ◽  
Malama Mumba ◽  
Giovanni Cattoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
B2l Gene ◽  
Comparative Sequence ◽  
Pseudocowpox Virus ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Causative Agents

Abstract Background Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) of the genus Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae causes pseudocowpox in cattle worldwide and presents a zoonotic concern. Most poxviruses produce diseases of similar clinical signs in affected animals, which are impossible to differentiate clinically or by serology. It is, therefore, vital to use molecular assays to rapidly identify the causative agents of poxvirus infections. This study aimed to detect, diagnose, and characterize the causative agent of pox-like skin lesions in a cattle herd in Zambia, initially suspected to be infected with Lumpy Skin Disease virus. Methods We used a High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis assay to detect the PCPV genome and sequenced the major envelope protein (B2L gene) for comparative sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Results Our field investigations showed cattle presenting atypical skin lesions and high morbidity within the herd. The laboratory diagnosis, based on the HRM assay revealed PCPV DNA in the samples. Phylogenetic and comparative sequence analyses confirmed PCPV in the samples and revealed genomic differences between samples collected in 2017 and 2018 from the same farm. Conclusion Our work is the first documented report of PCPV in Zambia. It shows the strength of molecular methods to diagnose pox-like infections in cattle and discriminate between diseases causing similar clinical signs. This rapid and accurate diagnosis improves the response time for more accurate veterinary interventions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document