Dietary Supplementation of Two-Stage Fermented Feather-Soybean Meal Product on Growth Performance and Immunity in Finishing Pigs

This study investigates the effects of two-stage fermented feather meal-soybean meal product (TSFP) on growth performance, blood characteristics, and immunity of finishing pigs. Firstly, feather meal-soybean meal is subjected to aerobic fermentation with Bacillus subtilis var. natto N21, B. subtilis Da2 and Da15, B. amyloliquefaciens Da6, Da16 for two days, and anaerobic fermentation with B. coagulans L12 for three days. Then, the fermented product is air-dried into an end product—TSFP. Eighty hybrid pigs (Duroc x KHAPS) with equal numbers of both sexes are randomly assigned into 3% fish meal, 0%, 2.5%, or 5.0% TSFP groups with five replicates per group. Our results show that the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate of TSFP groups are significantly better than the other groups at 0–3 weeks (p < 0.05). The 5% TSFP group significantly increased HDL-C in the blood (p < 0.05), and decreased LDL-C and blood urea nitrogen content (p < 0.05). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA) in 5% TSFP group and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) content in 2.5% and 5% TSFP groups are significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). The phagocytic oxygen burst capacity and serum IgA content of the 5% TSFP group are significantly higher than those of the fishmeal group (p < 0.05). The CD3, CD4, and CD4 + CD8 + T cells subsets in 2.5% and 5% TSFP groups are significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, TSFP has a positive effect on the growth performance and immunity of finishing pigs with the best performance on 5% TSFP.

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Effect of expanded diets on growth performance, meat quality and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.v0iof.8498 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Jian Lei ◽

Jun Bae ◽

Ju Lee ◽

Sang Lee ◽

In Kim

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Gain

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of expanded diets on growth performance, meat quality, and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 80 finishing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: 1) unexpanded corn-soybean meal diets; 2) expanded corn-soybean meal diets. Each treatment consisted of ten replicate pens with four pigs (2 gilts and 2 barrows) per pen. There were no differences in daily feed intake and daily gain throughout the experiment (P less than 0.05). However, expanded diets decreased feed conversion ratio compared with unexpanded diets (P less than 0.05). Expanded diets had no effect on carcass characteristics and meat quality with the exception of increased sensory evaluation (color) of meat compared with unexpanded diets (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, expanded diets can improve feed conversion ratio but have no effect on daily gain and daily feed intake and sensory evaluation of meat color.

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By-products of apricot processing in quail feed: Effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat physicochemical quality

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.878-883 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 878-883

Author(s):

Fatma Boubekeur ◽

Rafik Arbouche ◽

Yasmine Arbouche ◽

Fodil Arbouche

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Live Weight ◽

Partial Substitution ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

By Products

Background and Aim: The rearing of quails can have a stronger attraction for the breeders if we lower the cost prices by introducing by-products in their feed formulas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the partial substitution of soybean meal by apricot kernel cake (AKC) in the diet of quails, applied either sequentially or during all phases of rearing, on their growth performances, carcass characteristics, and meat physicochemical composition. Materials and Methods: A total of 600 one-day-old quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), with equal sex ratio and weighing on average 7±0.2 g, were randomly distributed in one control group and three experimental groups, the latter being designed according to the rate of application of AKC in either sequential or non-sequential mode in different rearing phases. Each group was divided into five replicates of 30 quails, randomly distributed according to either substitution rate of soybean meal by the AKC (0%, 10%, 20%, or 30%) or farming phase. Results: The average daily gain from the 1st to 45th days (average daily gain1–45d) was found to be the highest (4.24 g/d/subject, p=0.021) for the 30% AKC-supplemented feed lot in either starter or finish incorporation (DFTAA), having an optimum final live weight of 193.4 g (p=0.028), a lowest feed conversion ratio of 3.08 (p=0.001), and a daily feed intake of 860 g (p=0.01). Carcass yield was recorded the highest (74.4%, p=0.02) with an optimum meat protein level (30.6%, p=0.024) and the lowest fat content (2.26%, p=0.001) for the same group as well. Conclusion: The partial substitution of soybean meal by AKC in the quails' fattening feeding, during the finishing phase and for all rearing phases, led to a better growth performance, a better carcass yield, and an improved chemical composition of meat.

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Skin Mucosal, Serum Immunity and Antioxidant Capacity of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fed Artemisia (Artemisia annua)

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2020-0011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 1011-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Iman Sarhadi ◽

Ebrahim Alizadeh ◽

Ehsan Ahmadifar ◽

Hossein Adineh ◽

Mahmoud A.O. Dawood

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Common Carp ◽

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Artemisia Annua ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Skin Mucus ◽

Immune Parameters

AbstractIn this study, the effect of artemisia (Artemisia annua) leaves extract (ALE) on the immune system, growth performance and antioxidant capacity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was investigated. Fish with initial weight (90.32 ± 1.12 g) were fed various levels of ALE (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the growth performance (FW, WG, SGR, PER, and LER) in fish fed 1 g/kg ALE was increased significantly (P<0.05) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in fish fed 1 and 1.5 g/kg ALE in comparison to the control group (P<0.05). Skin mucus total protein was higher in fish fed diet containing 0.5 g/kg ALE than the other experimental groups (P<0.05), while the lysozyme, immunoglobulin and protease was increased by increasing of ALE in diets. Respiratory burst activity and serum immune parameters were higher in fish fed 0.5 g/kg ALE than the other treatments (P<0.05). Increasing of catalase (CAT) and decreasing of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in fish fed ALE, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased only in fish fed 0.5 g/kg ALE. Hence, it can be concluded that ALE has considerable potential as a natural immunostimulant and growth promotor supplement for the common carp’s aquaculture.

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Effect of xylanase supplementation to cereal-based diets on apparent fecal digestibility and growth performance of pigs / Wpływ suplementacji diet z udziałem zbóż ksylanazą na pozorną strawność kałową i wskaźniki tuczu świń

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2013-0011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 303-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Krzysztof Lipiński ◽

Halina Skórko-Sajko ◽

Cezary Purwin ◽

Zofia Antoszkiewicz ◽

Marek Werpachowski

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Complete Diet ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 300 growing-finishing pigs (30-110 kg BW), the offspring of Naima sows and Duroc boars, were allocated to three dietary treatments (five pens per treatment, 10 males and 10 females per pen). The growth performance of pigs was determined, and the apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy in animals fed grower diets was calculated by the simple balance method. Complete diets with a high content of triticale (70%-73%) and barley (6.8%-12%) were supplemented with endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (6200 EPU per g). The minimum xylanase activity per kg feed was 1050 and 1500 EPU. Xylanase, at activity levels of 1050 and 1500 EPU kg-1 complete diet, significantly (P≤0.05) increased the apparent digestibility of total protein and highly significantly (P≤0.01) that of crude fat. No significant differences in the digestibility of N-free extractives and energy were found between groups. The increased activity of xylanase (1500 EPU kg-1 feed) contributed to an increase in the digestibility of dry matter, crude fibre (P≤0.05) and organic matter (P≤0.01), compared with the control group. Higher (P≤0.01) daily gains and average final body weights were noted in pigs fed diets supplemented with the mono-enzyme preparation. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended to improve in pigs receiving xylanase-supplemented diets, but the observed differences were statistically non-significant.

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Growth Performance and Carcass Quality in Broiler Chickens Fed on Legume Seeds and Rapeseed Meal

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10050846 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 846 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jakub Biesek ◽

Joanna Kuźniacka ◽

Mirosław Banaszak ◽

Sebastian Kaczmarek ◽

Marek Adamski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Legume Seeds ◽

Faba Beans

The aim of this study was to compare the growth performance parameters, carcass quality, and meat traits in broiler chickens fed on diets containing legume seeds and rapeseed meal as an alternative to soybean meal. In this study, 448 male ROSS 308 chicks were divided into subgroups: a control group (I) fed on soybean meal (SBM), and six experimental groups II—rapeseed meal (RSM); III—white lupin (WY); IV—yellow lupin (YL); V—narrow-leaved lupin NLL; VI—pea (Pe); and VII—faba bean (FB). After 42 days of rearing, 10 birds from each group were slaughtered and dissected. The control group was characterized by better growth performance compared to the other groups. In addition, the European Broiler Index was lower in each experimental group compared to the SBM group. A lower dressing percentage was found only in the NLL group. The muscle content in birds from the RSM and FB groups was significantly higher than in the other groups, but the fat content was lower. Meat from SBM group was characterized by the highest protein content, but a reduced content of fat and water in the muscles. The most similar results were found between the control group and the FB group receiving a diet based on faba beans. Furthermore, lupins had a similar effect on the carcass traits when used in the diets. The quality of meat in broilers fed on faba beans with the addition of potato protein and brewers’ yeast was similar to that of those fed on soybean meal, because the antinutrients were the lowest in faba bean seeds. Faba beans are proposed as a possible alternative source of protein in poultry diets. Other legume seeds should be analyzed in future studies.

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Effects of feeding Isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response of broiler chickens

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v3i2.4256 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 150-157

Author(s):

Khalid M. Gaafar

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Flu Vaccine ◽

Lipids Profile

The research was conducted to study the effect of feeding broiler chickens on diets containing isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response. 90-one day old broiler chicks were used according to completely randomized two treatment groups and one control, 30 birds each. Birds fed ad-libitum on basal starter and grower-finisher diets for 35 day. Diets of treatment`s groups contained 0.5 g/Kg and 1 g/Kg of Isomaltooligosaccharides, while the control group fed on the basal diets without Isomaltooligosaccharides supplementation. Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with Isomaltooligosaccharides improved body weight, feed conversion, carcass traits, two lymphoid organs weight and log antibody titer against avian flu vaccine. Most of the highest values were for birds fed low levels of Isomaltooligosaccharides. Feed intake decreases as Isomaltooligosaccharides level increases. Dietary supplementation with Isomaltooligosaccharides did not affect the lipids profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL), however the blood VLDL levels decreased with increased levels of Malondialdehyde and Glutathione reductase. Collectively, Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with 0.5 g/Kg diet of Isomaltooligosaccharides improved growth performance, carcass traits and immune status.

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Dietary fermented rapeseed or/and soybean meal additives on performance and intestinal health of piglets

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96117-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Czech ◽

Eugeniusz Ryszard Grela ◽

Martyna Kiesz

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Feed Conversion Rate ◽

Positive Effect

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of fermented dried soybean (FSBM) and/or fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) in diets for weaned piglets on production results, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal tract histology, and the composition of the gut microbiota. Piglets in the control group received standard diets with soybean meal. Animals in all experimental groups received diets in which a portion of the soybean meal was replaced: in group FR—8% FRSM; in group FR/FS—6% FRSM and 2% FSBM; in group FS/FR—2% FRSM and 6% FSBM and in group FS—8% FSBM. The use of 8% FRSM or 6% FRSM and 2% FSBM in the piglet diets had a positive effect on average daily gains. Piglets from the FR and FR/FS groups had the highest feed conversion rate. Group FS/FR and FS piglets had significantly lower mortality and lower incidence of diarrhoea. Piglets fed a diet with the fermented components, in particular with 8% FRSM or 6% FRSM and 2% FSBM, exhibited a positive effect on the microbiological composition and histology of intestines, which resulted in improved nutrient digestibility coefficients (ATTD and AID).

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A Very Low CP Level Reduced Diarrhoea and Productivity in Weaner Pigs, but No Differences between Post-Weaning Diets Including Soybean Meal or Soy Protein Concentrate Were Found

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030678 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Julie C. Lynegaard ◽

Niels J. Kjeldsen ◽

Julie K. Bache ◽

Nicolai R. Weber ◽

Christian F. Hansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soy Protein ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Soy Protein Concentrate ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

And Performance

Soy protein concentrate improves nutrient utilization and growth performance compared to soybean meal, and diets with a low crude protein (CP) level decreases diarrhoea. The objectives were to (1) test a low CP diet based on different soy products, and (2) to test a very-low CP diet (15.1%) with amino acids (AA) on diarrhoea and productivity. A total of 5,635 weaned pigs (~28 days), were assigned to five dietary treatments; PC (positive control): Standard CP levels (192, 189, 191 g/kg CP) with 2500 ppm ZnO; NC (negative control): Same as PC without ZnO; SP (Soy protein concentrate): Low CP levels (176, 174, 191 g/kg CP); SB (Soybean meal): Low CP levels (177, 176, 191 g/kg CP); and XLA (X-low CP + AA): Very low CP levels (154, 151, 191 g/kg CP) with AA. The PC and XLA diets reduced diarrhoea by 41 and 61%, respectively, compared to the NC group, while no difference between SB and SP were observed. The XLA diet reduced feed intake and daily gain compared with PC and NC, where SP, SB, and XLA had a poorer feed conversion compared with PC. Conclusively, the SP and SB low-protein diets did not reduce diarrhoea or growth performance, whereas the XLA diet decreased both diarrhoea and performance.

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167 Effects of L-lys Hcl and Distillers Dried Grains Inclusion Rate on Growth Performance of Finishing Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 57-57

Author(s):

Henrique S Cemin ◽

Luke A Swalla ◽

Jamie L Pietig ◽

Sharlie A Hansen ◽

Ernie L Hansen

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Distillers Dried Grains ◽

White Grease ◽

Inclusion Rate ◽

Quadratic Response ◽

High Level ◽

Crystalline Amino Acids

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of L-Lys HCl inclusion in diets with or without distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance of finishing pigs. A total of 2,414 pigs (initial BW = 92.7 kg) were used in a 34-d trial. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial treatment structure with two levels of DDGS (0 or 10%) and three levels of L-Lys HCl (0.2, 0.3, or 0.4%). Diets were corn and soybean meal-based and were formulated to be isocaloric (NE = 2,668 kcal/kg) and isolysinic (0.75% SID Lys) by adjusting the inclusion of soybean meal, crystalline amino acids, and choice white grease. All other nutrient levels met or exceeded the NRC (2012) requirement estimates. There were 16 replicates per treatment. Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Data was analyzed with SAS MIXED procedure. There was no evidence (P > 0.10) for interactive effects between L-Lys HCl and DDGS inclusion rate. Pigs fed diets with 10% DDGS had improved (P = 0.002) G:F, but there was no evidence (P > 0.10) for differences in ADG or ADFI. Pigs fed increasing levels of L-Lys HCl had higher (linear, P = 0.026) ADFI, decreased (quadratic, P = 0.013) G:F, and a tendency for quadratic response (P = 0.063) in ADG, overall with the poorest performance observed for pigs fed the diet with 0.4% L-Lys HCl. In conclusion, pigs fed 0 or 10% DDGS presented similar performance; however, pigs fed the high level of L-Lys HCl presented decreased performance.

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138 Effects of Increasing Soybean Meal in Corn-based Diets on Growth Performance of Late-finishing Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 70-71

Author(s):

Julia P Holen ◽

Robert D Goodband ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

Joel M DeRouchey

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Average Length ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Random Effect ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing levels of soybean meal (SBM) replacing feed grade amino acids in corn or corn-dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)-based diets on growth performance of late finishing pigs. In both experiments, there were 22 to 27 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment. Average length of the experiments was 35 (Exp. 1) and 29 days (Exp. 2). Diets were balanced to contain 0.70% SID Lys and 2,667 or 2,610 kcal NE/kg for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Minimum amino acid ratios relative to Lys were: Ile, 55; Met&Cys, 60; Thr, 65; Trp, 19.5, and Val, 70. Dietary crude protein ranged from 10.1 to 15.2 for Exp. 1 and 13.6 to 19.4 for Exp. 2. The statistical model considered fixed effects of treatment, linear and quadratic contrasts, and random effect of block. In Exp.1, 1,793 pigs (L337×1050, PIC; initially 104.9 ± 1.4 kg) were fed corn-based diets and pens of pigs were assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with increasing SBM from 5 to 20%. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed (G:F) increased (linear; P < 0.05) as SBM increased with the greatest improvement observed as SBM increased from 5 to 8.75%, with little improvement thereafter. In Exp. 2, 1,827 pigs (L337×1050, PIC; initially 97.9 ± 1.1 kg) were used in a similar study as Exp. 1, but all diets contained 25% DDGS and SBM levels increased from 0 to 16%. Overall, G:F and final bodyweight of pigs marginally improved (linear and quadratic, respectively; P < 0.10) as SBM increased, with the greatest performance observed when diets contained 8% SBM. These results suggest that increasing SBM up to 8% at the expense of feed grade amino acids in corn or corn-DDGS-based diets improved ADG or G:F in late-finishing pigs.

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