scholarly journals Serological Evidence of Common Equine Viral Infections in a Semi-Isolated, Unvaccinated Population of Hucul Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2261
Author(s):  
Barbara Bażanów ◽  
Janusz T. Pawęska ◽  
Aleksandra Pogorzelska ◽  
Magdalena Florek ◽  
Agnieszka Frącka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Nasal Secretion ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Local Ecosystem

Huculs (Equus caballus) are an old breed of primitive mountain horses, originating from the Carpathian Mountains. To the best of our knowledge, data concerning the epidemiology of viral infections observed within this breed are sparse. The objective of this study was to estimate the serological status of a semi-isolated, unvaccinated Hucul herd, with respect to both common equine viral infections and horse-infecting arboviruses, the presence of which was previously reported in Poland. Twenty horses of the Hucul breed, living in a remote area in Poland, were studied in 2018 from March to May. Using nasal secretion swabs as a specimen source, isolation attempts were negative regarding ERAV, EHV-1, EAV, and EIV. According to the virus neutralisation method, in the sera obtained from the animals, antibodies against the following viruses were detected: EHV-1 in 12 horses (60%; with titres from 1:8 to 1:64), EIV A/H7N7 in 13 (65%; titres from 1:20 to 1:80), EIV A /H3N8 in 12 (60%; titres from 1:20 to 1:80), USUV in 5 (25%; titres from 1:10 to 1:80), and ERAV in 1 (5%; titre 1:32). Antibodies against EAV, EIAV, and WNV were not present in the tested sera. The detected presence of specific antibodies associated with five out of the eight equine viruses investigated indicates that the Hucul herd, due to its partial separation and lack of specific prophylaxis, could serve as a sentinel animal group for the detection of equine viruses/arboviruses present within the local ecosystem. The detection of common equine viral infections within the herd provides additional epidemiological data concerning the breed.

Antibody Therapy for the Control of Viral Diseases: An Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1108-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Dibo ◽  
Eduardo C. Battocchio ◽  
Lucas M. dos Santos Souza ◽  
Matheus D. Veloso da Silva ◽  
Bruna K. Banin-Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

The epidemiological impact of viral diseases, combined with the emergence and reemergence of some viruses, and the difficulties in identifying effective therapies, have encouraged several studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for viral infections. In this context, the use of immunotherapy for the treatment of viral diseases is increasing. One of the strategies of immunotherapy is the use of antibodies, particularly the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and multi-specific antibodies, which bind directly to the viral antigen and bring about activation of the immune system. With current advancements in science and technology, several such antibodies are being tested, and some are already approved and are undergoing clinical trials. The present work aims to review the status of mAb development for the treatment of viral diseases.

Bacteriophages: A Possible Choice for Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Abbaszadeh ◽  
Narges Eslami ◽  
Parisa Shiri Aghbash ◽  
Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo ◽  
Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
The World ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Display Technique ◽  
Viral Respiratory

: Viral respiratory infections are a leading cause of illness and mortality in all age groups worldwide. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world, igniting the twenty-first century’s deadliest pandemic. Research has shown that phages, which are bacterial viruses, can help treat viral infections with the effect on the immune system and their antiviral activity. Phages have specific activity and affect only the target without any side effects on other parts of the human body. Human phage-related diseases have not been reported yet; therefore, phages can be a very safe treatment, especially in many viral infections. The results of clinical studies have a promising future regarding the use of phages. It is possible that the phages display technique aided in the production of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies against its viral protein, which prevented the virus from binding or replicating and preventing secondary microbial infections, which have been linked to many patient deaths. Furthermore, an effective antiviral vaccine can be produced by using the same technique. Given the growing number of coronaviruses cases around the world, in the present paper, we review the possible mechanisms of phages against the COVID-19 disease and the method that may be a solution to eliminate the virus.

scholarly journals Public, private and non-specific antibodies induced by non-cytopathic viral infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Recher ◽  
Lukas Hunziker ◽  
Adrian Ciurea ◽  
Nicola Harris ◽  
Karl S Lang
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Specific Antibodies

scholarly journals Serological evidence of West Nile Virus infection among humans in the southern Provinces of Morocco

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 999-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hicham El Rhaffouli ◽  
Idriss Lahlou-Amine ◽  
Chafiqua Loutfi ◽  
Abdellilah Laraqui ◽  
Tahar Bajjou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Specific Antibodies

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of West Nile Virus infection in the southern provinces of Morocco. Methodology: A total of 250 sera, collected during 2012 in the province of Dakhla, were analyzed by microneutralisation assay. Results: WNV-neutralizing antibodies were detected in 13 samples (5.2%). The participants with WNV-specific antibodies were significantly younger than the rest of the population (p = 0.009). The positivity rate was higher among women (6.3%) than men (3.6%) (p = 0.26). Conclusions: This is the first serological evidence of WNV infection among humans in the southern provinces of Morocco.

scholarly journals Serological evidence of Hepatitis E Virus infection in Antioquia, Colombia slaughtered pigs

2015 ◽  
pp. 4602-4613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Forero D ◽  
Cristian Gutiérrez V ◽  
Jaime Parra S ◽  
Guillermo Correa L ◽  
Berardo Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

ABSTRACTObjective. To detect the presence of specific antibodies against Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs slaughtered in Antioquia, the department where the greatest amount of pork is produced and consumed in Colombia. Materials and methods. Between September 2011 and May 2012, blood samples from pigs were obtained in five slaughterhouses of Antioquia, four of them located in the Aburrá Valley subregion and other located in northern subregión. Serum were evaluated with a commercial ELISA kit for diagnosing HEV in humans but adapted to detect IgG and IgM antibodies in pigs. Results. A 100.0% seropositivity for IgG antibodies was found in 1000 samples evaluated, and 82.06% for IgM antibodies were found in 740 samples. Conclusions. These results indicate that pigs in slaughter age in Antioquia, and possibly in Colombia, have been exposed to HEV at some point in their production process and a high percentage of them can arrive to slaughterhouses with recent infection.RESUMENObjetivo. Detectar la presencia de anticuerpos específicos contra el virus de la Hepatitis E (HEV) en cerdos faenados en Antioquia, departamento donde se produce y consume la mayor cantidad de carne de cerdo en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Entre septiembre de 2011 y mayo de 2012, se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de cerdos en cinco plantas de faenado, cuatro de ellas ubicadas en el Valle de Aburrá y una en la subregión Norte del departamento de Antioquia, las cuales fueron evaluadas mediante un kit de ELISA comercial para diagnóstico de HEV en humanos pero adaptado para la detección de anticuerpos tipo IgG e IgM en cerdos. Resultados. Se encontró una seropositividad de 100.0% para anticuerpos tipo IgG en 1000 muestras evaluadas y de 82.06% para anticuerpos tipo IgM en 740 muestras. Una muestra de heces positiva para la detección del genoma HEV es similar al genotipo 3 encontrada en Estados Unidos. Conclusiones. Estos resultados indican que los cerdos en edad de faenado en Antioquia y posiblemente en Colombia, han tenido exposición a HEV del, un virus zoonótico emergente a nivel mundial, en algún momento de su proceso productivo.

Evaluation of frequency of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii,Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis spp. and transmission routes in sheep from Humid Pampa, Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanina P. Hecker ◽  
Fernando Mogaburu Masson ◽  
Joaquín I. Armendano ◽  
Juan Cora ◽  
Carlos Flores Olivares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the frequency of ovine specific antibodies toToxoplasma gondii,Neospora caninumandSarcocystisspp. and to estimate different transmission routes of these infections. One hundred and thirty Texel sheep and their 117 Texel lambs were included in the study. Serum samples were tested for antibodies toT.gondii,N.caninumandSarcocystisspp. using IFAT.Toxoplasma gondiiseroprevalence was 10.00% in sheep (IC95%: 4.80–15.20%), being higher in adult sheep (≥12 year) than in younger sheep (OR 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10–1.50).N.caninumandSarcocystisspp. seroprevalences were 1.54% (IC95%: 0.00–5.70) and 72.09% (IC95%: 67.70–82.70), respectively, with no association between age and seropositivity in sheep (P>0.05).T.gondiiseroprevalence in lambs was 4.27% (IC95%: 0.61–7.94). No association betweenT.gondiiserological status in sheep and their lambs was detected (P= 0.07). TwoT.gondiiandSarcocystisspp. seropositive lambs were euthanized andT.gondiiandSarcocystisspp. DNA was detected by PCR in their tissues. In conclusion, the increase ofT.gondiiseropositivity in relationship with sheep age and the lack of association between sheep-lamb serological status, suggest that horizontal infection is the main transmission route in this flock as reported before. Due to the low number ofN.caninum-seropositive ewes no assumptions can be done about the impact of this parasite in this flock. According with previous reports, the main transmission route forSarcocystisspp. in this species in the present study was horizontal.

Ocena częstości występowania zakażeń wirusami hepatotropowymi u pacjentów poddanych allogenicznej transplantacji krwiotwórczych komórek macierzystych od dawcy niespokrewnionego

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Markiewicz ◽  
Ewa Rzenno ◽  
Agnieszka Karolczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Stachowicz ◽  
Monika Dzierżak-Mietła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unrelated Donors ◽  
Allogenic Transplantation ◽  
The Subject

Introduction. The broad indications for allogenic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (allo-HSCT) and the use of immunosuppression after transplantation pose a risk of frequent occurrence of viral infections. Aim. The subject of the work is the analysis of serological status and prevalence of primarily (HBV, HCV) and secondarily (CMV, EBV) hepatotropic viruses in the group of patients treated with allo-HSCT from unrelated donors and assessment of the usefulness of serological and biomolecular methods in virological diagnostics both before and after transplantation. Material and methods. The study included 157 patients after allo-HSCT performed due to hematopoietic system diseases in the period 01.2015-03.2017. Results. The presence of anti-HBc and anti-EBV antibodies in the IgM class was demonstrated in 6 and 2.5% of patients before transplantation, in which DNA testing excluded presence of the viral load what allowed to perform the transplantation. Reactivation of HBV-DNA after transplantation was found in two patients with a long history of hepatitis B. In the post-transplant period, EBV viremia was detected in 31% of patients and CMV in 39% of patients. The frequency of CMV reactivation varied depending on the initial serological status of the donor-recipient pairs prior to transplantation. The reactivation of EBV and CMV had an effect on the survival of the patients and often occurred simultaneously. There was no case of HCV infection. Conclusions. Molecular studies of hepatotropic viruses prior to allo-HSCT are justified in the presence of serological markers suggesting the possibility of infection, which most often concerns HBV and EBV. Examination of CMV-DNA and EBV-DNA after allo-HSCT enables to detect reactivation of the virus in a significant proportion of patients, which is associated with an increased risk of adverse course of the disease. CMV viremia, the detection of which enables the implementation of proper treatment, occurs most frequently in patients whose serological status of CMV before transplantation was positive.

scholarly journals The Potential Interplay of Adipokines with Toll-Like Receptors in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen-Nien Wang ◽  
Sen-Te Wang ◽  
King Teh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Toll Like Receptors

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are not only crucial to the initiation of the immune system, but also play a key role in several human inflammatory diseases. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among those human cancers, which arise from sites of chronic inflammation. Therefore, a number of studies have explored the potential contribution of TLRs to HCC occurrence, which is initiated by exposure to chronic hepatic inflammation of different etiologies (including ethanol, and chronic B and C viral infections). Recent epidemiological data have shown the association of obesity and HCC development. Given the fact that adipose tissues can produce a variety of inflammation-related adipokines, obesity has been characterized as a state of chronic inflammation. Adipokines are therefore considered as important mediators linking inflammation to several metabolic diseases, including cancers. More recently, many experts have also shown the bridging role of TLRs between inflammation and metabolism. Hopefully, to retrieve the potential interaction between TLRs and adipokines in carcinogenesis of HCC will shed a new light on the therapeutic alternative for HCC. In this paper, the authors first review the respective roles of TLRs and adipokines, discuss their mutual interaction in chronic inflammation, and finally anticipate further investigations of this interaction in HCC development.

SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY VIRUS INFECTIONS IN MOSCOW CHILDREN, 1948 TO 1956

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-404
Author(s):  
V. V. Ritova ◽  
V. M. Zhdanov ◽  
E. I. Schastny
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

1. The study of sera collected between 1948 and 1956 from children with acute respiratory disease showed that outbreaks were caused by adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses, reoviruses, rhinoviruses, ECHO viruses, and Coxsackie viruses. 2. Adenovirus infections were the most prevalent. Other viral infections were prevalent in certain years. 3. Mixed infections with two viruses constituted about 10% of all cases.

Study of adjuvant effect of fosprenil on immunogenicity of vaccines against parvovirus enteritis and rabies in experiment

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Ozherelkov ◽  
◽  
Tatiana N. Kozhevnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Adjuvant Effect ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Balb Mouse ◽  
Experimental Immunization

To prevent most common viral diseases of small pets, vaccines are most often used that stimulate animal immune system and provide specific protection. Data on the adjuvant properties of well-known and widely used immunomodulator of natural origin, fosprenil, used in veterinary practice as an immunomodulator with antiviral activity for the correction of the immune response in various viral infections, during experimental immunization of BALB/mouse vaccines against dog parvovirus enteritis and rabies are presented in the article. It was shown that fosprenil use in animals at immunostimulating dose (5 pg/mouse) significantly enhances the effect of immunization with both vaccines. So, fosprenil significantly increases the titer of post-vaccination antibodies to standard liquid inactivated vaccine against parvovirus enteritis in dogs. In experiments with the rabies vaccine, it was found that the administration of fosprenil in animals along with vaccine not only contributes to significant increase in the titer of specific antibodies, but also to significant increase in coefficient of protective activity of rabies vaccine. Thus, fosprenil exerts an adjuvant effect on post-vaccination immunity caused by vaccination of mice with rabies and parvovirus enteritis vaccines.

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