Antibody Therapy for the Control of Viral Diseases: An Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1108-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Dibo ◽  
Eduardo C. Battocchio ◽  
Lucas M. dos Santos Souza ◽  
Matheus D. Veloso da Silva ◽  
Bruna K. Banin-Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

The epidemiological impact of viral diseases, combined with the emergence and reemergence of some viruses, and the difficulties in identifying effective therapies, have encouraged several studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for viral infections. In this context, the use of immunotherapy for the treatment of viral diseases is increasing. One of the strategies of immunotherapy is the use of antibodies, particularly the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and multi-specific antibodies, which bind directly to the viral antigen and bring about activation of the immune system. With current advancements in science and technology, several such antibodies are being tested, and some are already approved and are undergoing clinical trials. The present work aims to review the status of mAb development for the treatment of viral diseases.

scholarly journals Effective and Simple Methods of Preventing the Transmission of Viral Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
A. Taqaddas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Care Settings

Viral infections have always been of major concern in communities, health care settings and medical fields including radiotherapy and Radiology. Recently corona virus infection has attained global attention in the wake of covid-19 outbreak and consequently highlighted importance of viral prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to control and treat viral disease. In view of the recent events, the author reviewed the current and past literature to discuss contagious versus infectious viral transmission, as well as simple and effective ways of preventing the spread of viral diseases in community and health care setting so that this information can be used for preventing viral transmission at all levels. The article is written for a wide variety of audiences i.e. scientific and medical communities policy makers and general public.

scholarly journals RECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES IN ANTI-VIRAL THERAPY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
A. S. Oksanich ◽  
A. A. Nikonova ◽  
V. V. Zverev
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Recombinant Antibodies ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Viral Therapy ◽  
Antibody Preparations ◽  
Anti Viral Therapy

More than 60 recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed for the treatment of various diseases in the last 20 years. About 30 antibody preparations are approved for use in therapy, including large group of drugs against cancer. In addition, mAbs are used in transplantation, for the treatment of cardiovascular, autoimmune and, in rare cases, infectious diseases. Despite the fact that tens millions of people die every year from viral diseases, only one drug based on recombinant antibodies for the prevention of RSV in children is currently allowed. This review focuses on approaches to generate therapeutic mAbs to fight viral infection, examples of mAb therapies for viral infections, and the challenges of developing such therapies.

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) Approved for Cancer Treatment in the 2020s

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani ◽  
Abdolhossein Naseri ◽  
Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani ◽  
Sanaz Khatami ◽  
Abdolkarim Sheikhi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Wide Applicability ◽  
Wide Range

: Monoclonal antibodies are one of the most eminent types of immunotherapeutics that have taken over the biopharmaceutical market because they are approved for a wide range of cancers, either blood-based malignancies or solid tumors, and also non-cancer indications, from migraine to viral infections. Due to their wide applicability as immunotherapeutics, countless biopharmaceutical companies try to be in the competition by developing monoclonal antibodies and advancing into clinical trials with them. Since the approval of the first monoclonal antibodies, the speed of their discovery and approval for medical use have been rather incremental, so that the progress of this market has been anticipated to increase in the current decade. Herein, we take a look at some of the monoclonal antibodies, which have been approved for clinical use in the current decade, so far. Moreover, we underline the encouraging results from the clinical trials that led to the approval of these immunotherapeutics.

The Capacity of a Specific Anti-Streptococcus Mutans Monoclonal Antibodies Test to Identify the Diabetic Patients with Increased Risk of Periodontal Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2556-2559
Author(s):  
Mona Ionas ◽  
Sebastian Ioan Cernusca Mitariu ◽  
Adela Dancila ◽  
Tiberiu Horatiu Ionas ◽  
Raluca Monica Comaneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
A Value ◽  
Salivary Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status

By means of a specific anti-Streptococcus mutans monoclonal antibodies test we want to identify the diabetic patients which have an increased risk to develop the periodontal disease. The highest percentage, of 88.1% of all patients included in this study represents the subjects with a level greater than 500,000 cfu / mL of streptococcus mutans. The Kruskal-Wallis test reveals a value of p = 0.283 resulted from the status of diabetes in patients and the level of streptococcus mutans in saliva. In conclusion, the status of diabetes in patients seems not to influence the salivary level of mutans streptococci determined with the method used in our study.

Current Therapeutic Strategies and Perspectives for Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (37) ◽  
pp. 4738-4746
Author(s):  
Mohan K. Ghanta ◽  
P. Elango ◽  
Bhaskar L. V. K. S.
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Neuroprotective Agents ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
The Status ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of dopaminergic striatal neurons in basal ganglia. Treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) through dopamine replacement strategies may provide improvement in early stages and this treatment response is related to dopaminergic neuronal mass which decreases in advanced stages. This treatment failure was revealed by many studies and levodopa treatment became ineffective or toxic in chronic stages of PD. Early diagnosis and neuroprotective agents may be a suitable approach for the treatment of PD. The essentials required for early diagnosis are biomarkers. Characterising the striatal neurons, understanding the status of dopaminergic pathways in different PD stages may reveal the effects of the drugs used in the treatment. This review updates on characterisation of striatal neurons, electrophysiology of dopaminergic pathways in PD, biomarkers of PD, approaches for success of neuroprotective agents in clinical trials. The literature was collected from the articles in database of PubMed, MedLine and other available literature resources.

A Critical Review of Second-generation anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sur ◽  
Andrei Havasi ◽  
Alecsandra Gorzo ◽  
Claudia Burz
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Durable Response ◽  
Ongoing Research

Background: Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become a relevant solution for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Current anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies face a series of problems, including resistance and non-durable response, and RAS and BRAF mutations serve as exclusion criteria for treatment with anti-EGFR mAbs. Advances in molecular tumor profiling and information on subsequent pathways responsible for disease progression and drug resistance helped develop a new generation of anti-EGFR mAbs. These second-generation mAbs have been developed to overcome existing resistance mechanisms and to limit common side effects. For the moment, existing literature suggests that these novel anti-EGFR mAbs are far from finding their way to clinical practice soon. Objective: In this review, we summarize and evaluate current data regarding ongoing research and completed clinical trials for different second-generation anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Conclusion: Anti-EGFR mAbs exhibit efficacy in advanced colorectal cancer, but second-generation mAbs failed to prove their benefit in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Understanding the biological basis of primary and acquired drug resistance could allow scientists to design better clinical trials and develop improved second-generation mAbs.

scholarly journals Investigational Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Agents under Clinical Development

Antibodies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Iftikhar ◽  
Hamza Hassan ◽  
Nimra Iftikhar ◽  
Adeela Mushtaq ◽  
Atif Sohail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Antibody Drug Conjugate ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents

Background: Immunotherapy for multiple myeloma (MM) has been the focus in recent years due to its myeloma-specific immune responses. We reviewed the literature on non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to highlight future perspectives. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov to include phase I/II clinical trials. Data from 39 studies (1906 patients) were included. Of all the agents, Isatuximab (Isa, anti-CD38) and F50067 (anti-CXCR4) were the only mAbs to produce encouraging results as monotherapy with overall response rates (ORRs) of 66.7% and 32% respectively. Isa showed activity when used in combination with lenalidomide (Len) and dexamethasone (Dex), producing a clinical benefit rate (CBR) of 83%. Additionally, Isa used in combination with pomalidomide (Pom) and Dex resulted in a CBR of 73%. Indatuximab Ravtansine (anti-CD138 antibody-drug conjugate) produced an ORR of 78% and 79% when used in combination with Len-Dex and Pom-Dex, respectively. Conclusions: Combination therapy using mAbs such as indatuximab, pembrolizumab, lorvotuzumab, siltuximab or dacetuzumab with chemotherapy agents produced better outcomes as compared to monotherapies. Further clinical trials investigating mAbs targeting CD38 used in combination therapy are warranted.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Role of Nutrition and Supplementation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Fiorenzo Moscatelli ◽  
Francesco Sessa ◽  
Anna Valenzano ◽  
Rita Polito ◽  
Vincenzo Monda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
The World ◽  
Diet Regimen ◽  
Specific Diet

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (COVID-19) appeared on the world scene, which mainly affects the respiratory system, causing pneumonia and multi-organ failure, and, although it starts with common symptoms such as shortness of breath and fever, in about 2–3% of cases it leads to death. Unfortunately, to date, no specific treatments have been found for the cure of this virus and, therefore, it is advisable to implement all possible strategies in order to prevent infection. In this context, it is important to better define the role of all behaviors, in particular nutrition, in order to establish whether these can both prevent infection and improve the outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19. In the literature, it is widely shown that states of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity negatively affect the immune system, leading to viral infections, and several studies have shown that nutritional interventions can act as immunostimulators, helping to prevent viral infections. Even if several measures, such as the assumption of a specific diet regimen, the use of dietary supplements, and other similar interventions, are promising for the prevention, management, and recovery of COVID-19 patients, it is important to highlight that strong data from randomized clinical trials are needed to support any such assumption. Considering this particular scenario, we present a literature review addressing several important aspects related to diet and SARS-CoV-2 infection, in order to highlight the importance of diet and supplementation in prevention and management of, as well as recovery from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Animal and Human Vaccines against West Nile Virus

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Juan-Carlos Saiz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status

West Nile virus (WNV) is a widely distributed enveloped flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, which main hosts are birds. The virus sporadically infects equids and humans with serious economic and health consequences, as infected individuals can develop a severe neuroinvasive disease that can even lead to death. Nowadays, no WNV-specific therapy is available and vaccines are only licensed for use in horses but not for humans. While several methodologies for WNV vaccine development have been successfully applied and have contributed to significantly reducing its incidence in horses in the US, none have progressed to phase III clinical trials in humans. This review addresses the status of WNV vaccines for horses, birds, and humans, summarizing and discussing the challenges they face for their clinical advance and their introduction to the market.

scholarly journals Immune Check-Point Inhibitors and Standard Chemoradiotherapy in Definitive Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Francesca De Felice ◽  
Daniela Musio ◽  
Vincenzo Tombolini
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Check Point ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Check Point Inhibitors

In head and neck cancer management, there is a need for tailored approaches to optimally implement clinical outcomes. Based on the assumption that efficacy and long-term toxicity are not satisfactory for standard concurrent platinum-based chemoradiotherapy, several trials have been designed to test whether induction immunotherapy and/or concomitant immunotherapy and radiotherapy result in improved survival and toxicity outcomes. Here, we present an overview of the most recent concomitant therapeutic strategies for head and neck cancer, focusing on the knowledge available regarding check-point inhibitors. The aim is to present the characteristics of the main check-point inhibitors and to summarize the clinical trials on the combination of immune check-point inhibitors and (chemo)radiotherapy in the definitive HNC setting, in order to provide a useful clinical tool for further research.

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