scholarly journals Differential Effects of Green Tea Powders on the Protection of Brown Tsaiya and Kaiya Ducklings against Trichothecene T-2 Toxin Toxicity

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2541
Author(s):  
Ko-Hua Tso ◽  
Chompunut Lumsangkul ◽  
Min-Chien Cheng ◽  
Jyh-Cherng Ju ◽  
Yang-Kwang Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Green Tea Powder ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Breast Weight ◽  
Better Than

A 3-week feeding trial in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted with three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 5 mg/kg) of T-2 toxin (T-2) and two levels (0% and 0.5%) of green tea powder (GTP) supplements used in the diets of female brown Tsaiya ducklings (BTDs) and Kaiya ducklings (KDs), respectively. Breed had a significant effect on the growth performances and the relative weights of organs and carcass. In general, the growth performances of KDs were better than BTDs. The relative weights of organs and carcass of BTDs were typically heavier than those of KDs; however, the breast of KDs was heavier than those of BTDs. Both ducklings received 5 mg/kg of T-2 blended in the diet showed lower feed intake and body weight gain (BWG) in the second and the third week. The diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 and 0.5% GTP improved the BWG compared to those fed the diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg of T-2 without GTP in BTDs. Ducklings fed the diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 induced hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, as well as decreased concentrations of creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase. The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were increased in KDs and BTDs fed the diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 without GTP, respectively. However, duckling diets containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 with 0.5% GTP lowered concentrations of BUN and GOT in the blood plasma of KDs and BTDs, respectively. The diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 increased the relative kidney weight but decreased the relative breast weight of ducklings. Enlarged gizzards and reduced relative leg weights were observed in BTDs fed the diets containing 5 mg/kg of T-2. In summary, BTDs are more sensitive than KDs in responding to T-2 toxicity and GTP detoxification. Green tea powder has detoxification ability and could potentially mitigate T-2 toxicity on BWG, BUN, and GOT in ducklings.

scholarly journals Fishmeal Replacement with Hermetia illucens Meal in Aquafeeds: Effects on Zebrafish Growth Performances, Intestinal Morphometry, and Enzymology

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Baldassare Fronte ◽  
Rosario Licitra ◽  
Carlo Bibbiani ◽  
Lucia Casini ◽  
Mahanama De Zoysa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Fishmeal Replacement ◽  
Fish Intestine ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry

Fishmeal (FM) is still the most important protein source in aquafeeds. However, due to the reduction of wild fish stocks used for FM production, its manufacturing it is now unsustainable. Insect meal represents a valid alternative to FM, due to the low carbon footprint of its production and its high nutritional value. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentials of replacing FM with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal (HIM) in aquafeeds, using zebrafish as the animal model. Four diets were formulated with increasing HIM/FM replacement rate (the control diet contained 20% FM). Mortality rates, growth performances, and feed consumptions were measured, and fish intestine samples were collected for histological and enzymatic analysis. After 49 days, all groups almost tripled their initial body weight (cumulative body weight gain ranged between 143.9 and 155.2 mg), and no statistically significant differences among treatments were observed in relation to growth performances and histological traits. Contrarily, trypsin, alkaline phosphatases, and alpha amylase–glucoamylase activities were significantly reduced when the FM replacement rate was increased. In conclusion, HIM may represent an alternative to FM, since no adverse effects were observed when it was included up to 20% in the zebrafish diet, even when replacing 100% of the FM.

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass and economic characteristics of turkey poults fed millet-based diets as a replacement for maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
A. A. Malik ◽  
M. J. Ibrahim ◽  
Y. S. Kudu ◽  
O. P. Jibogun ◽  
Y. J. Adeniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A nine (9) weeks feeding trial was conducted on seventy two (72) day-old Indigenous turkey poults raised on deep litter to determine their growth performance, carcass and economic characteristics when fed three dietary treatments (T1, T2, and T3, containing 0%, 25% and 50% replacement of maize with millet respectively. The birds were divided into three replicates of 8 birds per replicate; making a total of 24 birds per treatment. At the end of the & week, 4 birds per replicate were transferred to specially-designed metabolism cages for a digestibility study involving the collection of faecal droppings; while at the end of the week of the experiments, two birds per replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered to determine their carcass characteristics. Turkey poults fed millet at 25 %replacement showed significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight gain, lower cost of feed per kg live weight gain and higher revenue generated per bird; but there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the performance of birds on 0% and 50 % replacements for those parameters. Also, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in feed intake and mortality across the treatments. Similarly, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in nutrient digestibilities and carcass characteristics of the birds among the various dietary treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded hat millet cam be used to replace maize up to S0 % in the diets of turkey poults at the starter phase with no detrimental effects on their performance

scholarly journals Evaluasi Performa dan Income Over Feed & Chick Cost (IOFCC) Tiga Strain Ayam Broiler yang Beredar di Aceh

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfan Zulfan ◽  
Zulfikar Zulfikar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa tiga strain ayam broiler yang umumnya dipelihara di Aceh. Materi yang digunakan adalah 150 ekor anak ayam broiler (DOC) strain Cobb 500, CP 707, dan MB 202 masing-masing berjumlah 50 ekor. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Setiap ulangan merupakan unit percobaan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 10 ekor anak ayam. Perlakuan adalah tiga strain ayam broiler: Cobb 500 (P1), CP 707 (P2), dan MB 202 (P3). Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi ransum, konversi ransum (FCR), mortalitas, dan Income over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan performa broiler dipengaruhi oleh jenis strain. Strain MB 202 dan CP 707 memiliki bobot badan akhir (6 minggu) dan konsumsi ransum nyata (P0,05) lebih tinggi daripada Cobb 500. Angka konversi ransum tidak memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata antara ketiga strain pada semua umur panen. Nilai IOFCC tertinggi dipengaruhi oleh jenis strain dan lama pemeliharaan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa performa broiler dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan adaptasi strain terhadap iklim setempat (pesisir Aceh) pada periode berbeda-beda yang dapat memengaruhi tingkat keuntungannya. Strain Cobb 500 memiliki kemampuan adaptasi lebih baik selama periode awal, sedangkan CP 707 dan MB 202 selama periode akhir. (Evaluation of performances and income over feed chick cost (iofcc) of three broiler chicken strains commonly marketed in Aceh) ABSTRACT. The study aimed to evaluate the performances and Income over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC) of three broiler chicken strains commonly marketed in Aceh. As many as 150 chicks of three different broiler strains (50 birds each) were used in this study. The study was performed into Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consists of 3 treatments and 5 replications creating 15 experimental units containing 10 birds each. The treatments were 3 different strains of broiler chickens i.e. Cobb 500, CP 707, and MB 202. The birds were reared up to 6 weeks to expose their performances recorded as final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion, as well as mortality. Economic value was evaluated by calculating IOFCC. Results of study showed that performances of broilers were significantly (P0,05) influenced by the strains. Strains MB 202 and CP 707 represented more superior than Cobb 500 for 5−6 weeks of raising periods. However, the later was not inferior during initial phase close to 4 weeks. There were no significant differences in FCR among all strains for different ages. The IOFCC related to the strains and their marketing ages. The highest IOFCC was obtained by Cobb 500, CP 707, and MB 202 as they were sold at the ages of 4, 5, and 6 weeks, respectively. In conclusion, the achievements of the performances in various broiler strains were affected by the site climate (Aceh) in different stages of their ages. Cobb 500 had proper adaptation during starter, while CP 707 and MB 202 appeared seem to be better than Cobb 500 during finisher period.

scholarly journals Study on setting up the standard for tea leaves in processing of green tea powder of high quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai ◽  
Tran Bao Tram ◽  
Truong Thi Chien ◽  
Doan The Vinh
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Green Tea Powder

PSIX-19 Effect of substituting groundnut cake with wheat bran mixed with cattle blood meal at ratio 1:1 on performance of broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 264-264
Author(s):  
Foluke A Aderemi
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Cattle Blood ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Better Than

Abstract This study investigated substituting groundnut cake with wheat bran mixed with cattle blood at ratio1:1 in broilers and it lasted for eight weeks. Seventy-five broiler chicks were allotted randomly to five treatment replicated thrice. Control had 15% GNC, 0% blood meal wheat bran (BMWB) in diets II -V GNC was replaced with BMWB at graded levels of 25,50,75 and 100%. Results revealed that body weight gain and feed intake of diets II and III were similar and (P = 0.05) higher than other diets at both phases. Feed efficiency of diet II was better than others at the starter phase while diet III was better at finisher phase. Haematology and serum chemistry at the finisher phase showed that heamoglobin, white blood cell lymphocyte heterophil and plasma of the birds fed diets II, III, IV and V were (P &lt; 0.05) higher than those on control. The kidney liver and spleen histopathology revealed hepatic and renal degeneration, necrosis and inflammatory responses in diets IV and V. Carcass characteristics showed the wings shanks drumstick leg heart and spleen of birds on BMWB were higher than control. Conclusively it seems BMWB could replace GNC without adverse effect on the broilers at 25% inclusion level

scholarly journals Water Cooking Stability of Dried Noodles Enriched with Different Particle Size and Concentration Green Tea Powders

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Kun Yu ◽  
Hui-Ming Zhou ◽  
Ke-Xue Zhu ◽  
Xiao-Na Guo ◽  
Wei Peng
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Green Tea Powder

Incorporating green tea powder (GTP) into dried noodles enriched the functional characteristics of noodles. To achieve the maximum benefits from GTP, the water cooking stability of dried green tea noodles (DGTN) should be investigated. Indeed, antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds of DGTN after water cooking markedly decreased. The results showed that large GTP particles caused the increased cooking loss of DGTN, but the phenolic compound loss of DGTN prepared with them was low after cooking. Analysis of texture properties and microstructure showed that DGTN with a 2% concentration of large GTP particles formed some holes in the noodles’ network, and its breaking strength decreased. However, we observed that many GTP particles adhered to the surface of DGTN prepared with small GTP particles, and they were easier to lose after water cooking. Comprehensive analysis concluded that cooking loss, functional compounds retention and textural properties of DGTN were related to GTP particle size and concentration via the microstructure.

scholarly journals Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on growth performance, Campylobacter jejuni carriage and endogenous antimicrobial peptides in rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Ding ◽  
Qingrong Jiang ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Feike Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cationic Peptide ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Galectin 3

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) supplementation on growth performance, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) carriage and antimicrobial peptides in the epithelial tissue of caecum and skin in rabbits. Five treatments included control and C. jejuni challenge with the addition of TMP at 0, 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg of diet. The trial lasted for 35 days and C. jejuni challenge occurred on first day of feeding trial. The results showed that C. jejuni challenge worsened (P &lt; 0.05) feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency, whereas TMP supplementation partially compensated (P &lt; 0.05) growth performance. C. jejuni populations in the caecal content and on the skin were decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in the treatments containing TMP. The mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides, including defensin neutrophil peptide 4, macrophage cationic peptide 2, galectin 3 and cathelicidin were also decreased (P &lt; 0.05) by C. jejuni challenge while they were increased (P &lt; 0.05) with supplemental TMP. Linear and quadratic trends (P ≤ 0.012) of the three doses of TMP were found in growth performance, linear trends (P ≤ 0.049) in C. jejuni carriage, and linear and quadratic trends (P ≤ 0.012) in galectin 3. The results suggest that TMP can partially protect from C. jejuni infection by decreasing C. jejuni carriage and activating epithelial antimicrobial peptides.

scholarly journals The Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Gut Bacteria of Broilers Raised with or without Antibiotics and Green Tea Powder

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyong Chen ◽  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
Xue Liu ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Zhaoyu Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Green Tea Powder

Recurrent heat exposure: enzymatic responses in resting and exercising men

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Francesconi ◽  
J. T. Maher ◽  
G. D. Bynum ◽  
J. W. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Heat Acclimatization ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate

Heat acclimatization was induced in a group of healthy male test subjects by repetitive treadmill walking (5.6 km-h-1, 49 degrees/27 degrees C dry/wet bulb, 90 min-day-1, 7 days). A second group of men, paired for maximal O2 consumption and body weight, remained sedentary under identical environmental conditions. Total plasma protein increased significantly after 45 (P less than 0.05) and 90 (P less than 0.025) min of exercise on the first day of heat exposure, yet after 7 days no increments occurred. Even after heat acclimatization was achieved (day 7), plasma levels of creatine phosphokinase increased during the 90-min walk in the heat (time O vs. 90, P less than 0.025), as was also the case on day 1 (P less than 0.05). Levels of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase were not significantly affected by exercise in the heat either before or after heat acclimatization. No correlations could be drawn between base-line enzyme levels and state of physical conditioning.

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