Effect of Light Regiment on Farrowing Performance and Behavior in Sows

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of light exposure on farrowing performance in sows. Thirty sows were moved to the farrowing unit at d 110 of gestation and assigned a treatment: 12 h light/12 h dark cycle (Dark) or 24 h light (Light). Treatments began upon entry into the farrowing unit. Video was recorded continuously from initiation of the treatments until completion of farrowing. Data collected included duration of farrowing, birthing interval, and behavior during farrowing. Additionally, the number of total born, liveborn, and stillborn piglets was recorded. Gestation length was different between treatments, with a shorter gestation in Dark treatment sows than Light treatment sows (116.4 vs. 117.1 ± 0.2 d, respectively; p = 0.027). The total duration of parturition and number of liveborn did not differ (p = 0.393). Number of stillborn piglets between treatments did differ (p = 0.018). Dark had more stillborns compared to Light treatment sows (1.5 vs. 0.7 ± 0.2 piglets, respectively). Neither the interval between piglets nor farrowing behavior differed between treatments (p > 0.100). The results from this experiment indicate that a sudden change in photoperiod has the potential to impact the gestation length of sows and number of stillborn pigs.

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PSVI-1 Effect of Light Regiment on Farrowing Performance in Sows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 220-220

Author(s):

Shelby A McLoda ◽

Nichole C Anderson ◽

Drew W Lugar

Keyword(s):

Video Recording ◽

Total Duration ◽

Interval Number ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Due Date ◽

Dark Cycle ◽

Indirect Measure ◽

The U.S ◽

Effect Of Light

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of light on farrowing performance in sows. Thirty sows were moved to the farrowing unit at d 110 of gestation and were assigned one of two treatments: 12 h light/dark cycle (Dark) or 24 h light (Light). Treatments were initiated upon entry into the farrowing unit until completion of farrowing was confirmed. For Dark sows, the farrowing crates were structured with light blocking tarps that were lowered at 1900 hr and raised at 0700 hr daily. Video recording devices were installed above all sows and continuous video was recorded from initiation of the treatments until farrowing was complete. Data collected included duration of farrowing, birthing interval, number of stillborn piglets as an indirect measure of dystocia, total born, and liveborn piglets. All statistical analyses were performed using the mixed procedure of SAS, where the experimental unit was individual sow. Funding for this project was provided by the National Pork Checkoff and the U.S. Pork Center of Excellence. Dark sows were more likely to give birth closer to their due date compared to Light sows (1.34 vs. 2.16 ± 0.24 days relative to a 115-day due date, respectively; P = 0.02). Total duration of parturition did not differ between treatments (P = 0.56). Number of liveborn piglets between treatments did not differ (P = 0.68), however the number of stillborn piglets between treatments was different (P = 0.02), where Dark sows had a higher incidence of stillborn piglets compared to Light sows (1.52 vs. 0.65 ± 0.25 stillborn piglets/litter, respectively). The interval between piglets did not differ between treatments (P = 0.93). It is hypothesized that the effects on due date and increased incidence of stillborn piglets was caused by increased stress due to visual isolation in the Dark sows.

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The daily cercarial emission rhythm of Schistosoma margrebowiei with particular reference to dark period stimuli

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00010658 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 159-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K. Raymond ◽

A. J. Probert

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Dark Period ◽

Sudden Change ◽

Gradual Change ◽

Dark Cycle ◽

Constant Illumination ◽

Dark Treatment ◽

Two Peaks ◽

Host Parasite ◽

Peak Emission

ABSTRACTThe cercariae of Schistosoma margrebowiei showed two peaks of emergence from Bulinus natalensis in a 12 h light/dark cycle. Peak emission occurred at 0700 h (one hour after the onset of light) and at 1900 h (one hour after the onset of darkness). Both peaks were of equal magnitude and were maintained during constant illumination indicating that the rhythm is innate. Delaying or advancing the timing of the dark period did not affect the timing of these two peaks. Following a five minute dark treatment elevation in cercarial output resulted irrespective of when the treatment was applied. Subjecting snails to various intensities of light only resulted in an elevation in output when a sudden change in intensity from 0 to 360 Lux or the reverse was applied. No response was seen to a gradual change in light intensity although the parasite could detect a change in light from 1 to 0 Lux. These responses appear to optimize the chances of host parasite contact.

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(292) The Effect of Darkness and Sucrose Concentrations on the Production of Rosmarinic Acid in the Callus of Five Rosemary Genotypes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1078b ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1078B-1078

Author(s):

Hany M. El-Naggar ◽

Paul E. Read ◽

Susan L. Cuppett

Keyword(s):

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Light Condition ◽

Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽

Light Treatment ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Dark Treatment ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Save Energy ◽

Effect Of Light

Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis is a member of the Lamiaceae. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a very strong antioxidant produced in the chloroplast, and used to protect plant tissues against oxidative stress. A number of investigations showed that the sucrose concentration in the callus growing medium greatly influenced the production of secondary metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathway such as RA. The aim of this study was to test the effect of elevated sucrose concentrations (2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6% sucrose) and the effect of light and dark treatments on the production of RA in the callus of five different genotypes. The genotypes were Majorca, Rosmarinus officinalis, Pine Scented, Madeline Hill, and APR. It was found that the dark treatment produces more RA than the light treatment in all genotypes, and in all sucrose concentrations. The RA concentration increased with increasing the sucrose concentration from 2%—reaching the highest concentration at 4% and 5% in most genotypes. The RA concentration declined again at 6% sucrose in all genotypes. We concluded that for the extraction of RA from rosemary callus it is preferred to be produced in the dark—this will save energy and will produce more RA than the light treatment. Also it is preferred to use sucrose concentration at 4% for genotypes Rosmarinus officinalis, Pine Scented, and APR; and 3% sucrose for genotype Madeline Hill in the dark condition. While for the light condition, it is preferred to use 5% sucrose with genotypes Majorca, Rosmarinus officinalis, Pine Scented, and Madeline Hill; and 4% sucrose for genotype APR.

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Dry eye following cataract surgery: The effect of light exposure using an in-vitro model

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye ◽

10.1016/j.clae.2017.11.003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 128-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tugce Ipek ◽

Mariana Petronela Hanga ◽

Andreas Hartwig ◽

James Wolffsohn ◽

Clare O’Donnell

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Dry Eye ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Effect Of Light

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INTERACTIONS OF THE PINEAL AND EXPOSURE TO CONTINUOUS LIGHT ON ORGAN WEIGHTS OF FEMALE RATS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0360617 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 617-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Richard Jay Wurtman ◽

Willard Roth ◽

Mark D. Altschule ◽

Judith J. Wurtman

Keyword(s):

Light Exposure ◽

Continuous Light ◽

Female Rats ◽

Constant Light ◽

Ovarian Weight ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Bovine Pineal Extracts ◽

Pineal Extracts ◽

Effect Of Light

ABSTRACT Either exposure to constant light for 80 days or pinealectomy produced similar changes in the weights of the ovaries and adrenals of female rats. These were not additive when both procedures were employed. Pinealectomy did not share with light-exposure the capacity to induce uterine hypertrophy. Rats exposed to constant light for 56 days had lighter pineals than animals kept in darkness; this decrease was not affected by administration of bovine pineal extracts. The increase in ovarian weight produced in rats by exposure to light for 56 days was prevented by bovine pineal extracts, but these extracts were without effect on the uterine hypertrophy produced under the same conditions. These data suggest that the effect of light upon the weight of the ovary is mediated via the pineal.

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Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.44.3.456b ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 456-457

Author(s):

Thomas H. Milby

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variations ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Letter To The Editor ◽

Two Populations ◽

Effect Of Light

Dr. Aase's question about the possibility that differences in exposure to light might have accounted for our observed differences in bilirubin levels is, of course, germane. During the course of our study, we became aware of the reports which described the effect of light on degradation of bilirubin. However, we could determine no differences in light exposure between the two populations under study nor, because of the physical arrangements of the nurseries, did there appear to be any possibility that there would be seasonal variations in the amount of light exposure.

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Effects of Light Treatment on Sleep, Cognition, Mood, and Behavior in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1159/000494921 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (5-6) ◽

pp. 371-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Micaela Mitolo ◽

Caterina Tonon ◽

Chiara La Morgia ◽

Claudia Testa ◽

Valerio Carelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Task Force ◽

Critical Evaluation ◽

Bright Light ◽

Light Treatment ◽

Intervention Treatment ◽

And Behavior ◽

Bright Light Treatment

Background: Bright light treatment is a therapeutic intervention mainly used to treat sleep and circadian disturbances in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Recently, a handful of studies also focused on the effect on cognition and behavior. Conflicting findings are reported in the literature, and no definite conclusions have been drawn about its specific therapeutic effect. Summary: The aim of this review is to provide a critical evaluation of available evidence in this field, highlighting the specific characteristics of effective bright light treatment. Eligible studies were required to assess at least one of the following outcome measures: sleep, cognition, mood, and/or behavior (e.g., depression, agitation). A total of 32 articles were included in this systematic review and identified as research intervention studies about light treatment in AD. The quality of the papers was evaluated based on the US Preventive Service Task Force guidelines. Key Messages: Overall, the current literature suggests that the effects of light treatment in AD patients are mixed and may be influenced by several factors, but with a general trend toward a positive effect. Bright light seems to be a promising intervention treatment without significant adverse effects; therefore, further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed taking into account the highlighted recommendations.

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Performance of Iris variegata genotypes in different light conditions: Flowering phenology and reproductive output

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1502679z ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 679-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Uros Zivkovic ◽

Danijela Miljkovic ◽

Natasa Barisic-Klisaric ◽

Aleksej Tarasjev ◽

Stevan Avramov

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Output ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Light Treatment ◽

Biological Research ◽

Congeneric Species ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Flowering Pattern ◽

Experimental Garden ◽

Effect Of Light

We analyzed genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity of flowering pattern and reproductive success in 97 clonal genotypes of Iris variegata originating from contrasting light habitats in Deliblato Sands and expressed under different experimental light conditions. Rhizome segments were taken from each of these clones and transplanted in the experimental garden near the Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade. Significant differences between genotypes were found for two traits (start of flowering, average flowering time). Genotypes originating from open and understory habitats significantly differed for three traits (number of flowers, number of capsules/number of flowers, seed mass/capsule). Significant effect of light treatment were found for three traits (number of capsules/number of flowers, seed mass/capsule, average seed mass). Statistically significant correlations between explored traits were generally similar but also to some extent habitat and treatment specific. Comparing these results with research carried out on congeneric species we noted that there are similar responses for some traits, but also significant differences in some components of flowering and fruiting success.

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The Effect of Light Intensity, Strain, and Age on the Behavior, Jumping Frequency and Success, and Welfare of Egg-Strain Pullets Reared in Perchery Systems

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11123353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3353

Author(s):

Jo Ann Chew ◽

Tina Widowski ◽

Eugenia Herwig ◽

Tory Shynkaruk ◽

Karen Schwean-Lardner

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Novel Object ◽

Continuous Sampling ◽

And Behavior ◽

Effect Of Light

The effects of light intensity (L) are not well studied in pullets. Our research objective was to study the effect of L on navigational success, behavior, and welfare of two pullet strains (S). In two repeated trials, a 3 × 2 × 4 factorial arrangement tested three L (10, 30, 50 lux) and two S (Lohmann Brown-Lite (LB), LSL-Lite (LW)) at four ages. One thousand eight hundred pullets/S (0–16 wk) were randomly assigned to floor pens within light-tight rooms (three pens/S/room, four rooms/L) containing four parallel perches and a ramp. Data collection included jumping frequency and success (24h continuous sampling), novel object tests (fear), heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratios (stress), and behavior (instantaneous scan sampling) during photoperiods. L did not affect injurious behavior, fear, or H/L. Pullets reared at 50 lux spent more time preening than at 10 lux. Pullets reared at 10 lux spent more time wall pecking than at 50 lux. Time spent standing and preening and total number and accuracy of jumping increased with age. Pullets reared at 30 lux had higher jumping frequency than at 10 lux; accuracy was not affected. LW jumped more than LB, but with similar success. LB spent more time exploring and scored higher in the fear and stress assessments, suggesting S differences.

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