scholarly journals (292) The Effect of Darkness and Sucrose Concentrations on the Production of Rosmarinic Acid in the Callus of Five Rosemary Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078B-1078
Author(s):  
Hany M. El-Naggar ◽  
Paul E. Read ◽  
Susan L. Cuppett
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Dark Treatment ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Effect Of Light

Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis is a member of the Lamiaceae. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a very strong antioxidant produced in the chloroplast, and used to protect plant tissues against oxidative stress. A number of investigations showed that the sucrose concentration in the callus growing medium greatly influenced the production of secondary metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathway such as RA. The aim of this study was to test the effect of elevated sucrose concentrations (2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6% sucrose) and the effect of light and dark treatments on the production of RA in the callus of five different genotypes. The genotypes were Majorca, Rosmarinus officinalis, Pine Scented, Madeline Hill, and APR. It was found that the dark treatment produces more RA than the light treatment in all genotypes, and in all sucrose concentrations. The RA concentration increased with increasing the sucrose concentration from 2%—reaching the highest concentration at 4% and 5% in most genotypes. The RA concentration declined again at 6% sucrose in all genotypes. We concluded that for the extraction of RA from rosemary callus it is preferred to be produced in the dark—this will save energy and will produce more RA than the light treatment. Also it is preferred to use sucrose concentration at 4% for genotypes Rosmarinus officinalis, Pine Scented, and APR; and 3% sucrose for genotype Madeline Hill in the dark condition. While for the light condition, it is preferred to use 5% sucrose with genotypes Majorca, Rosmarinus officinalis, Pine Scented, and Madeline Hill; and 4% sucrose for genotype APR.

scholarly journals (293) The PAL Gene Activity in Five Rosemary Genotypes and Its Effect on the Production of Rosmarinic Acid

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078C-1078
Author(s):  
Hany M. El-Naggar ◽  
Paul E. Read ◽  
Ayed Al-Abdallat
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Northern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Specific Regulation

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme is the most extensively studied enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Studies on the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid (RA) showed that the PAL enzyme catalyzes the initial step of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The increase in RA content in plant tissues in vitro coincided with the increase in PAL activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of the gene responsible for the production of the PAL enzyme in the five rosemary genotypes; this will give more understanding about the accumulation of rosmarinic acid in the five rosemary genotypes. The genotypes were Majorca, Rosmarinus officinalis, Pine Scented, Madeline Hill and APR. Northern blot hybridization between the PAL gene primer and the five genotypes' cDNA showed bands at 300 bp in all the five genotypes for the PAL gene. The expression of the PAL gene was high in genotypes Majorca, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Madeline Hill, while the expression was low in genotypes Pine Scented and APR. It was expected that the genotypes having the highest PAL gene expression will produce the highest amount of RA, but the highest genotype in PAL gene expression Madeline Hill had the lowest RA production in their leaves. This could occur due to the tissue specific regulation inside plant tissues. Inside the callus tissues, where the specific tissue regulation no longer exists, the RA was produced in repetitively large amounts in genotypes with high PAL gene expression.

scholarly journals Effect of light and dark on callus induction and regeneration in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Baker Siddique ◽  
SM Shahinul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Culture Initiation ◽  
Dark Treatment ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Effect Of Light

To determine the effect of light and dark on callus induction and plant regeneration from five different explants of three tobacco varieties were studied. Normal white light (3000 lux) and dark conditions were considered for callus induction. Among the explants earliest callusing initiated at 5th day from nodal segment and the highest amount of callus (97.20%) was recorded from leaf blade of Motihari variety in light condition. The lowest callusing was recorded 24.40% in dark condition for root of Virginia variety and it was initiated after 13 days of culture initiation. The calli developed in dark showed watery, glossy silver color and less embryogenic features. The highest plant regeneration (95.56%) was recorded from nodal segment in light which was around five times higher than root in dark for Motihari variety. Nodal segments that received light (treatment) showed maximum relative growth rate (4.58) for Motihari variety while the lowest value was 0.91 scored from root of Virginia variety which received dark treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Light Regiment on Farrowing Performance and Behavior in Sows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2858
Author(s):  
Shelby McLoda ◽  
Nichole C. Anderson ◽  
Jennifer Earing ◽  
Drew Lugar
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Dark Treatment ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Light

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of light exposure on farrowing performance in sows. Thirty sows were moved to the farrowing unit at d 110 of gestation and assigned a treatment: 12 h light/12 h dark cycle (Dark) or 24 h light (Light). Treatments began upon entry into the farrowing unit. Video was recorded continuously from initiation of the treatments until completion of farrowing. Data collected included duration of farrowing, birthing interval, and behavior during farrowing. Additionally, the number of total born, liveborn, and stillborn piglets was recorded. Gestation length was different between treatments, with a shorter gestation in Dark treatment sows than Light treatment sows (116.4 vs. 117.1 ± 0.2 d, respectively; p = 0.027). The total duration of parturition and number of liveborn did not differ (p = 0.393). Number of stillborn piglets between treatments did differ (p = 0.018). Dark had more stillborns compared to Light treatment sows (1.5 vs. 0.7 ± 0.2 piglets, respectively). Neither the interval between piglets nor farrowing behavior differed between treatments (p > 0.100). The results from this experiment indicate that a sudden change in photoperiod has the potential to impact the gestation length of sows and number of stillborn pigs.

Quantitative analysis of rosmarinic acid in Rosmarinus officinalis growing in Turkey by LC-MS/MS

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Altintas ◽  
F Göger ◽  
HG Duymuş ◽  
N Kırımer ◽  
KHC Başer
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis

scholarly journals Effects of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation on a rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L) extract rich in rosmarinic acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geferson A. Gonçalves ◽  
Rúbia C.G. Corrêa ◽  
Lillian Barros ◽  
Maria Inês Dias ◽  
Ricardo C. Calhelha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

scholarly journals Performance of Iris variegata genotypes in different light conditions: Flowering phenology and reproductive output

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uros Zivkovic ◽  
Danijela Miljkovic ◽  
Natasa Barisic-Klisaric ◽  
Aleksej Tarasjev ◽  
Stevan Avramov
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Experimental Garden ◽  
Effect Of Light

We analyzed genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity of flowering pattern and reproductive success in 97 clonal genotypes of Iris variegata originating from contrasting light habitats in Deliblato Sands and expressed under different experimental light conditions. Rhizome segments were taken from each of these clones and transplanted in the experimental garden near the Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade. Significant differences between genotypes were found for two traits (start of flowering, average flowering time). Genotypes originating from open and understory habitats significantly differed for three traits (number of flowers, number of capsules/number of flowers, seed mass/capsule). Significant effect of light treatment were found for three traits (number of capsules/number of flowers, seed mass/capsule, average seed mass). Statistically significant correlations between explored traits were generally similar but also to some extent habitat and treatment specific. Comparing these results with research carried out on congeneric species we noted that there are similar responses for some traits, but also significant differences in some components of flowering and fruiting success.

scholarly journals Saudi Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum L. Polyphenols and Biological Activities

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam O. Elansary ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Paweł Kubica ◽  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Diaa O. El-Ansary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gentisic Acid ◽  
Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid

Investigating the polyphenolic profile of natural Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum populations may reveal essential compounds that have biological activities. Natural populations of R. officinalis and O. basilicum in Northern Riyadh were investigated by HPLC-DAD analyses. Several polyphenols, including rosmarinic acid, gentisic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, rutoside, and others, out of 38 screened were confirmed. Rosmarinic acid was the major polyphenol in both of R. officinalis and O. basilicum. R. officinalis methanolic leaf extracts contained other phenols such as gentisic acid while O. basilicum contained also 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and rutoside as well as others. R. officinalis showed higher antioxidant activities than O. basilicum using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching assays. These higher activities are associated with a higher composition of rosmarinic acid in leaf extracts. The antioxidant activities of O. basilicum were attributed to identified phenols of rosmarinic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and rutoside. There were antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of leaf extracts, as well as identified polyphenols, against several cancer cells. These activities were attributed to the accumulation of necrotic and apoptotic cells in treated cancer cells with leaf extracts as well as identified polyphenols. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of leaf extracts were mainly attributed to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and rutoside in O. basilicum and rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid in R. officinalis. This study proved that R. officinalis and O. basilicum natural populations might be considered as promising sources of natural polyphenols with biological activities.

Effect of Monochromatic Green LED Light Stimuli During Incubation on Embryo Growth, Hatching Performance, and Hormone Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yu ◽  
Zhanming Li ◽  
Zhengtao Zhong ◽  
Shufang Jin ◽  
Jinming Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
High Light ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Dark Treatment ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Green Led ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Light Stimuli

Abstract. Previous research indicated improvement of incubation by light stimuli. However, the light source arrangement, usually with irradiation from top to bottom, was inconvenient and high in cost. Among the different light colors, the effects of green LED light stimuli during embryo development were inconclusive. In this study, two LED lamps were installed on both sides of egg trays, and the irradiation was directed from the edges to the middle. The effect of green LED light with various light intensities was investigated. A total of 1408 broiler eggs were randomly allocated to high light (300 lx), middle light (150 lx), low light (50 lx), and dark treatments with four replicates. Embryo weight, body length, organ weight, hatching performance, and serum hormone levels were tested. The results indicated that incubation of the broiler eggs under an appropriate light intensity (low light treatment, 50 lx) of green light significantly increased embryo weight, body length, and hatchability (p < 0.001). According to the serum hormone tests, only the low light treatment significantly increased the thyroxine (T4) levels of the chicks (p < 0.05) at hatching, but the middle and high light treatments slightly decreased the T4 and testosterone (TES) levels of the chicks compared with the dark treatment. Moreover, peak hatching time occurred 12 h earlier in the light treatments compared with the dark treatment. In conclusion, an appropriate light intensity (low light treatment, 50 lx) of LED green light improved embryo growth and hatching performance, but excessive light intensity reduced the positive effects or even produced slight negative effects on the T4 and TES levels of chicks at hatching. Keywords: Embryo, Growth, Hatching performance, Hormone, Monochrome green light.

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