scholarly journals Mannan Oligosaccharide Enhanced the Growth Rate, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Carcass Composition, and Blood Chemistry of Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3559
Author(s):  
Fawzy I. Magouz ◽  
Mohamed I. Bassuini ◽  
Malik M. Khalafalla ◽  
Ramy Abbas ◽  
Hani Sewilam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grey Mullet ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide

Mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) is prebiotic with high functionality in aquaculture. The current study investigated the potential roles of MOS on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, carcass composition, and blood chemistry of Thinlip grey mullet (Liza ramada). Four tested diets with 34.49% crude protein and 6.29% of total lipids were prepared and fortified with 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% MOS. Fish of initial weight = 5.14 ± 0.11 g/fish were distributed in 12 hapas (0.5 × 0.5 × 1 m) at 15 fish per hapa (triplicates) and fed the test diets to the satiation level two times a day (08:00 and 15:00) for eight weeks. At the end of the trial, all fish were weighed individually for growth performance calculation. Blood was collected to check blood chemistry traits, and intestines were dissected for digestive enzyme analysis. Fish treated with MOS had marked enhancement in the final body weight, feed conversion ratio, protein gain, and protein retention regardless of inclusion dose (p < 0.05). The weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio were meaningfully enhanced by including MOS at 0.5 and 1%, followed by fish fed with 2% MOS, while the lowest values were in the control group (p < 0.05). Insignificant influences of MOS were seen on the chemical composition of carcass components (moisture, crude protein, total lipids, and ash) (p > 0.05). Fish treated with MOS at 0.5 and 1% had marked enhancement in the amylase, lipase, and protease activities regardless of inclusion dose (p < 0.05). The blood total protein and albumin levels were meaningfully enhanced by including MOS at 0.5 and 1%, followed by fish fed with 2% MOS, while the lowest values were in the control group (p < 0.05). The blood globulin was significantly enhanced in fish fed 1% MOS than fish treated with 0, 0.5, and 2% of MOS (p < 0.05). The blood lysozyme activity was meaningfully enhanced by including MOS at 1%, followed by fish treated with 0.5 and 2%, while the lowest values were in the control group (p < 0.05). Phagocytic activity and phagocytic index were markedly improved in fish treated with 1 and 2% MOS, followed by those fed 0.5% compared with fish fed MOS-free diet (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were markedly improved in fish treated with 1, and 2% MOS, followed by those fed 0.5% compared with fish fed MOS-free diet (p < 0.05). Dietary MOS (0.5, 1, and 2%) meaningfully enhanced catalase activity while decreased the malondialdehyde concentration (p < 0.05). In summary, dietary MOS is required at 0.5–1% for enhancing the growth rate, feed efficiency, digestive enzyme activity, blood chemistry, and antioxidative capacity of grey mullet.

scholarly journals Effect of different carbon sources on growth, non-specific immunity and digestive enzyme activity of amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus Lacepede 1803) fingerlings in biofloc based rearing system using inland saline groundwater

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ezhilarasi ◽  
A.K. Verma ◽  
A.M. Babitha Rani ◽  
V. Harikrishna ◽  
M.H. Chandrakant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Specific Immunity ◽  
Tapioca Flour

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different carbon sources in biofloc based system for rearing amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus Lacepede 1803) fingerlings in inland saline groundwater. The study was undertaken in a complete randomised design (CRD) where each treatment was performed in triplicate. The experimental unit consisted of four different carbon sources viz., T1 (tapioca flour), T2 (wheat flour), T3 (rice bran), T4 (jaggery) and control (C) with water exchange for a duration of 45 days. Each tank (500 l) was stocked with 30 fingerlings with an average body weight of 11.17±0.34 g. At the end of the rearing period, biofloc based treatments showed significantly better growth performance compared to control. Among the treatments, jaggery based biofloc system showed the highest biomass (629.4±1.58 g), specific growth rate, SGR (1.32±0.03 % day-1), protein efficiency ratio, PER (0.29±0.05), and lowest feed conversion ratio, FCR (0.56±0.03). Digestive enzymes of the biofloc reared fishes showed enhanced activity compared to control group. Jaggery based biofloc (T4) showed significantly higher non-specific immune response in terms of respiratory burst activity (1.14±0.01), superoxide dismutase (44.59±0.19 U mg protein-1) and catalase (1.59 ± 0.01 U mg protein-1) activity compared to other biofloc treatments and the control. The present study concluded that jaggery is best as compared to others carbon sources tested (tapioca flour, wheat flour and rice bran) for better growth, non-specific immunity and digestive enzyme activity of amur carp fingerlings in biofloc based rearing system using inland saline groundwater.

scholarly journals Probiotic feeding effect of Bacillus subtilis on broilers chicks’ microflora, TLRs and interleukin gene expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaigui Wang ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
Salman Khan ◽  
Chunjie wei ◽  
Hu Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract The broiler chicks provide the major portion of daily food items. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis (BS) on broiler chicken gut microflora diversity, digestive enzyme activity and expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). A total of 240 crossbred broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The groups were named as control group (basal diet, BD), group Ⅰ (BD with 300 g/d BS,1.08×107 CFU/kg), group Ⅱ (BD with 600 g/d BS, 2.16×107 CFU/kg), and group Ⅲ (BD with 900 g/d BS, 3.24×107 CFU/kg). Samples were collected at the 21st day. The difference of α diversity and β diversity between control group and treatment groups were not significant, but the abundance of some microorganisms in the treatment groups were improved, and the core microorganisms were different between groups. In comparison of control group, the protease activity in ileum of experimental groups was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Protease activity in ileum of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was improved by 22.59% (p < 0.01) and 14.49% (p < 0.05). The amylase activity in ileum of treatment groups were also significantly increased (p < 0.05). Amylase activity of group Ⅱ was increased by 41.85% (p < 0.01) in comparison to control, group Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Expression of TLR1A and TLR7 in the jejunum and caecum of treatment groups were significantly up-regulated while their expression in ileum was decreased. Similarly, the expression of TLR1B gene was significantly improved in the ileum, and down regulated in the cecum. Transcription levels of TLR2A and MyD88 in jejunum, liver, spleen and kidney were significantly increased, but their expression was significantly lower in the ileum and cecum. The TLR2B, TLR3, TLR4, TLR15, TLR21 expression were also significantly modulated in various organ of broiler chicken. The most important inflammatory factor such as IL-1β expressions in spleen and kidney were significantly increased in the current data. Bacillus subtilis could not regulate the caecal microflora diversity, but improved amount of some gut probiotics such as lactobacillus, the digestive enzyme activity, regulate some immunogenic expressions and enhance the immune capacity of animal. We hope that the impact of this data will explore the diseases control and feeding quality of broiler chicks at industrial level.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary crude protein level and N-carbamylglutamate supplementation on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity of jejunum in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuming Wang ◽  
Shuaijuan Han ◽  
Junyan Zhou ◽  
Peili Li ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) level and N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and ileal digestibility of nutrients and digestive enzyme activity of jejunum in growing pigs. In experiment 1, 10 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire barrows (initial BW: 48.7 kg) were allotted to a three-period switchback design with five experimental diets and two replicate pigs per diet in each period. Diets were categorized as high CP (HP, 18% CP), moderate low CP (MLP, 15% CP), very low CP (VLP, 12% CP), and MLP and VLP with 0.1% NCG supplementation. Feces and urine were collected from day 6 to day 11 after a 5-d adaptation period. The DE, ME, and ATTD of GE, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and P decreased (P &lt; 0.01) with a reduction of dietary CP, but no effect of dietary treatments on pig daily N retention was detected. The NCG supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.01) DE and ATTD of ADF of the VLP diet. In experiment 2, 10 jejunal-cannulated Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire barrows (initial BW: 44.5 kg) were fed five diets for three periods as experiment 1. Jejunal fluid was collected on days 6 and 8 after a 5-d adaptation period. The digestive enzymes activity was not affected by dietary CP level, except for α-amylase, for which there was a decrease (P &lt; 0.01) in pigs fed VLP diets compared to HP and MLP diets. In experiment 3, 12 ileal-cannulated Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire barrows (initial BW: 46.7 kg) were allotted to a three-period switchback design with six diets and two replicate pigs per diet in each period. The six experimental diets consisted of five experimental diets as experiment 1 and one N-free diet. Ileal digesta was collected from day 6 to day 8 after a 5-d adaptation period. Results indicated that apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and P and ileal digestibility of Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Phe, and all dispensable AA, except Pro, decreased (P &lt; 0.01) in pigs fed VLP diet compared to HP and MLP diets, but AID of GE, OM, EE, NDF, and ADF were not affected. The supplementation of NCG in the VLP diet increased (P &lt; 0.01) the AID of CP and ileal digestibility of Arg, His, Leu, Phe, Val, Ser, and Tyr. In conclusion, reducing dietary CP level decreased nutrient digestibility, but improved the efficiency of dietary N utilization and reduced N emission. Moderate reduction of dietary CP level had a minimal effect on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity. Additionally, NCG supplementation plays a beneficial effect on nutrient digestion only if the dietary CP level is extremely lowered.

scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus megaterium-Coated Diets on the Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Intestinal Microbial Diversity of Songpu Mirror Carp Cyprinus specularis Songpu

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Liang Luo ◽  
Qiyou Xu ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Jinnan Li ◽  
Chang’an Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mirror Carp

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a Bacillus megaterium-coated diet on growth performance, digestive enzymes, and intestinal microbial diversity in Songpu mirror carp (Cyprinus specularis Songpu). The fish were manually fed two diets (a control diet and a B. megaterium-coated diet) three times daily until apparent satiation for 56 days. Compared with the control group, supplementation with the B. megaterium-coated diet enhanced the fish growth and significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio ( P < 0.05 ). The activities of foregut amylase and lipase in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The activities of foregut, midgut, and hindgut proteases in the treatment group were all higher than those in the control group ( P > 0.05 ). The results of sequencing the 16S rDNA genes of the microbiota through high-throughput sequencing showed that the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microflora increased along with Songpu mirror carp growth. The Songpu mirror carp fed a diet coated with B. megaterium displayed increased proportions of intestinal Bacillus and Lactococcus at the genus level, and both were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). These results therefore suggest that dietary B. megaterium application can improve the growth and digestive enzyme activity of Songpu mirror carp and enrich the beneficial genus composition of its main intestinal microflora.

scholarly journals Mango pulp meal in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Digestibility, Growth performance, Biochemical analysis, Digestive enzyme activity, hematological variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seldon Almeida de Souza ◽  
Anderson Miranda de Souza ◽  
Renilde Cordeiro de Souza ◽  
José Fernando Bibiano Melo ◽  
Luiz Vitor Oliveira Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Mango Pulp

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of mango pulp meal (MPM) as an ingredient for extruded diets for Nile tilapia juveniles. In the first trial, the digestibility of energy, dry matter, crude protein, and amino acids was determined, using 80 juveniles (average weight 25.00 ± 0.50 g), fed with a reference diet and a test diet containing the proportion of 70% of the reference diet and 30% of the MPM. Chromium oxide (Cr2O6) was used as an digestibility indicator and feces were collected using the Adapted Guelph System. The second assay assessed the growth performance; biochemical analysis; digestive enzyme activity; hematological variables for 300 juveniles fish (average weight 26.66 ± 0.17 g), fed for 45 days with balanced diets containing 0 (control), 40, 80, 120, and 160 g of MPM per kg-1. The dry matter, crude protein, and crude energy apparent digestibility coefficients of MPM were 39.26, 50.18, and 44.5%, respectively. The growth performance of the animals was negatively impacted by the MPM, however the hematological parameters and plasma concentrations of albumin, total proteins and cholesterol were not altered. However, the increase on hepatic glycogen reserves, glycemia, and alanine aminotransferase plasmatic enzyme activity demonstrated that MPM diet inclusion promoted oxidative metabolism conditions that could cause hepatocellular damage and affect fish health, if fed for long periods or at higher levels of MPM than analyzed in this study.

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