scholarly journals Mixing Sows into Alternative Lactation Housing Affects Sow Aggression at Mixing, Future Reproduction and Piglet Injury, with Marked Differences between Multisuckle and Sow Separation Systems

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Emma C. Greenwood ◽  
Jonathon van Dissel ◽  
Jessica Rayner ◽  
Paul E. Hughes ◽  
William H. E. J. van Wettere

Alternative lactation housing could reduce aggression when sows are mixed. We aimed to compare the effects of mixing sows in lactation (with or without piglets), at weaning or after insemination, and determine the effects of lactation housing on the piglet. This study used 120 multiparous Large White × Landrace sows and 54 focal litters. The sows were mixed into groups of six and allocated to multisuckle from day 21 lactation (MS), separated from litter and housed in groups, with piglets left in the crate for seven hours daily from day 21 lactation (SEP), mixed at weaning (day 28 lactation) (WEAN) and mixed after artificial insemination (AI) (MAI; 4 ± 1 day after last AI). Behaviour, saliva for free salivary cortisol concentration and injury counts were taken on M-1 (before mixing), M0 (mixing), M1 and M6. Piglets were weighed, injury-scored and bloods taken for cortisol. There was reduced aggression, seen as fights, bites and knocks in MS compared to the other treatments on all days (p < 0.05). MS sows had no fights on M1 and M6 and had more piglets born in the subsequent farrowing. Piglet weight, cortisol and mortality were unaffected by treatment (p > 0.05). MS piglets had greater injury scores immediately after moving to multisuckle and lower injuries around weaning (p > 0.001). Multisuckle housing could decrease aggression and stress at mixing in sows, with changes in the time of peak piglet injury (at mixing rather than at weaning) but overall no negative effects on the piglets.

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endre Brydl ◽  
András Ványi ◽  
Róbert Glávits ◽  
László Könyves ◽  
Pál Rafai

Zearalenone is phenolic resorcyclic acid lactone produced by a number of Fusarium species grown on grains, predominantly on maize, in high moisture environment. Due to its oestrogenic effects, feeds contaminated with zearalenone can cause striking negative effects on reproduction primarily in pigs. The aim of the study was to test the efficiency of a feed additive developed for enzymatic decomposition of mycotoxins. A total of sixty 6-week-old conventional Dutch Landrace × Hungarian Large White F1 female pigs weaned at 30 ± 2 days of age were divided into 6 groups of 10 animals. Between 50 and 70 days of age, 4 groups of pigs (experimental) were treated with zearalenone (8 or 16 mg/pig dose) administered every other day via an oesophageal tube; pigs from the other two groups were not treated with zearalenone and served as controls. Throughout the experiment, the diet of two experimental groups and one control group was supplemented with a feed additive (named: Detoxa Plus) at a concentration of 1 kg/tonne; pigs from the other control group received neither zearalenone treatment, nor the feed additive. Pigs’ live weight, weight of ovaries and uterus, histological characteristics of the ovaries, uterus, vagina, spleen and lymph nodes, liver concentrations of zearalenone and its metabolites (α- and β-zearalenol) were studied. This study showed the preventive capacity of the feed additive against zearalenone. Positive effects included the prevention of uterine enlargement, beneficial effects on the histopathological scores of ovaries, uterus and vagina and reduced concentration of zearalenone and metabolites in the liver. This study demonstrates for the first time that due to its enzymatic activity Detoxa Plus renders zearalenone contaminated feeds less toxic.


Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Greenwood ◽  
William van Wettere ◽  
Jessica Rayner ◽  
Paul Hughes ◽  
Kate Plush

When sows are mixed into groups, hierarchies form and resulting aggression and stress can affect production and welfare. This study determined the effect of providing point-source materials on aggressive and play behaviors in gestating sows. Large white cross Landrace sows were mixed after insemination; six pens of 12 sows were housed in ‘standard’ pens, and six pens of 12 sows were housed in ‘enhanced’ pens. The ‘enhanced’ pens each contained two rubber mats, eight strands of 24 mm-thick sisal rope and two yellow plastic disks, suspended from the roof. The sows remained in these pens until pregnancy confirmation. Salivary cortisol concentration, injury counts, and sow behaviors were recorded the day before mixing (day 1), mixing (day 0) and post-mixing day 1, day 4, day 7 and day 20. At farrowing, reproductive outcomes were obtained. Play was observed (including locomotor and object play) in the ‘enhanced’ pen, and percentage of time spent playing was greater on d4 (1.48 ± 0.3 Square root transformed data (2.84% non-transformed adjusted mean)), d7 (1.43 ± 0.3 (2.97%)) and d20 (1.64 ± 0.3 (3.84%)), compared to d0 (0.56 ± 0.3 (0.70%)) and d1 (0.87 ± 0.3 (1.67%) (p < 0.05)). No play was observed in standard housing. Aggression, salivary free cortisol concentrations and injuries were unaffected (p > 0.05). The provision of materials had no impact on aggression, although their presence maintained sow interest and play behavior, suggesting a positive effect.


Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 1049-1055
Author(s):  
Luciana Ferreira ◽  
Fredi Telles da Silva ◽  
Adolpho Amorim ◽  
Mariana Ardengue ◽  
Ademar Avelar ◽  
...  

  Analisou-se o perfil de estado de humor e a concentração de cortisol salivar em praticantes de “futebol sete”, com idade acima de 55 anos, antes, durante e após uma partida competitiva. Foram avaliados 19 jogadores por meio do Perfil do Estado de Humor e a concentração do cortisol salivar em diferentes momentos do jogo. Os dados foram analisados pelo de teste de Wilcoxon, Anova de Medidas Repetidas e correlação de Spearman. Em relação as características pessoais, verificou-se que os praticantes de “Futebol Sete” apresentaram um nível de atividade física considerado muito ativo (31,60%) e ativo (47,40%) o que totalizou setenta e nove por cento (79,0%) da amostra, salienta-se que 21,10% se autoavaliaram como irregularmente ativos. Ao final do jogo as variáveis relacionadas ao perfil de estado de humor se alteraram, mas não ocorreu diferença estatisticamente significativamente entre o pré-jogo e os demais momentos do jogo. Por outro lado, ocorreu um aumento significativo de quatro vezes na elevação da concentração de cortisol salivar entre o pré jogo e após 40 minutos de jogo. Conclui-se que a prática de “futebol sete” como prática competitiva é fonte geradora de estresse para os jogadores com idade acima de 55 anos.  Resumen: El perfil del estado de ánimo y la concentración de cortisol salival en jugadores de "fútbol siete", mayores de 55 años, se analizaron antes, durante y después de un partido competitivo. Diecinueve jugadores fueron evaluados utilizando el perfil del estado de ánimo y la concentración de cortisol salival en diferentes momentos del juego. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon, Anova de medidas repetidas y la correlación de Spearman. En cuanto a las características personales, parece que los practicantes de "fúbol siete" tienen un nivel de actividad física considerado muy activo (31.60%) y activo (47.40%) o que totalizó setenta y nueve por ciento (79, 0%), yo sé que 21,10% se autoevaluó como irregularmente activo. Al final del juego, las variables relacionadas con el perfil del estado de ánimo cambiaron, pero no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el pre-juego y los otros momentos del juego. Por otro lado, hubo un aumento significativo de cuatro veces en el aumento de la concentración de cortisol en la saliva entre antes del juego y después de 40 minutos de juego. Se concluye que la práctica del "fútbol siete" como práctica competitiva es una fuente de estrés para los jugadores mayores de 55 años. Abstract: The mood state profile and the concentration of salivary cortisol in “soccer seven” players, aged over 55 years, were analyzed before, during and after a competitive match. Nineteen players were assessed using the Mood State Profile and the concentration of salivary cortisol at different times of the game. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, Anova of Repeated Measures and Spearman correlation. Regarding personal characteristics, that practitioners of "soccer seven" have a level of physical activity considered very active (31.60%), active (47.40%), total of seventy-nine percent (79,0%), and 21.10% self-assessed themselves as irregularly active. At the end of the game, the variables related to the mood profile changed, but there was no statistically significant difference between the pre-match and the other moments of the match. On the other hand, there was a significant increase (four times) in the salivary cortisol concentration between pre-match and after 40 minutes of match. It is concluded that the practice of "soccer seven" as a competitive practice is a source of stress for players over 55 years old.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Mansour Safran

This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association


2016 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Soroko ◽  
Kevin Howell ◽  
Anna Zwyrzykowska ◽  
Krzysztof Dudek ◽  
Paulina Zielińska ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Tshepo Teele

Background: This study aimed to investigate the influences of sexual preparation on the effects of boars’ semen viability on the fertilization capacity of artificially inseminated sows. After all, boar sires more pigs than farrowed by a sow which the boar has been mated to improve reproductive parameters in response to AI. Methods: The semen viability of boars were studied during various sexual stimulations and analyzed during the study period. Sperm rich fractions were collected and separated at every level of sexual stimulation during the morning (08:30) and the afternoon (14:30) hours, respectively. Artificial insemination was performed following three levels of sexual preparations of boars (0 minutes of sexual restraint (MSR), 5 MSR and 10 MSR) before semen collection. Receptive sows were inseminated and evaluated for fertility traits using non-return rate, farrowing rate and litter size. Result: The non-return rate was recorded as a percentage of sows conceived after insemination over the total number of sows inseminated. The farrowing rate was recorded as a percentage of sows that farrows over the number of sows conceived and litter size as several live piglets per sow. Sexual desire was influenced by sexual preparations and significantly influenced the fertility of the artificially inseminated sows. This study is of practical significance to the animal breeder mainly because boars have greater influence than sows on the average litter size and live piglets. The study concludes that the use of at least 5 to 10 minutes of sexual restraint during the afternoon periods prior to semen collection and artificial insemination is found to be a practical method for optimizing sperm viability and fertility of sows in the intensive system.


2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Winicjusz STANIK ◽  
Jerzy CISEK

To avoid the negative effects of increasing the amount of RME in the diesel fuel (to 10%), three different additive packages were used: stabilising, cleaning, and increasing the cetane number with different concentrations. The tests were carried out using a 4-cylinder, turbocharged 1.9 TDI engine from VW. The tests were carried out for 4 fuels (comparative fuel with a content of 7% RME and 3 test fuels with a content of 10% RME, differing in the content of the additive package.It was found that each of the 3 additive packages used does not have a significant impact on fuel consumption. However, a different effect of the tested additives on the composition of exhaust gases was observed. The first package had a slight effect on reducing the NOx concentration in the exhaust, but only for small engine loads. On the other hand, the second additive pack worked more effectively only at higher engine loads (in relation to the reduction of NOx concentration in the exhaust gases). In the third packet, the amount of the cetane additive was doubled (compared to the second packet). Then, the reduction in the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 3–8% was obtained with reference to the comparative fuel.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Marta Grybś-Kabocik

The activities of misbehaving customers represent a significant problem for organizations across diverse sectors and industries. Their need for satisfaction is the most important driver of consumer behavior with the consumer choosing how they fulfill this need. Unfortunately, consumer decisions often lead to consumer misbehavior and negative effects on the service provider or on other consumers. Consumer misbehavior is difficult to control. First, it is not always possible to prove misbehavior of a particular consumer. On the other hand, preventive actions, like social campaigns, may not always reach the target audience. Moreover, neither service provider regulations nor monitoring of infrastructure sufficiently prevents consumers from misbehaving in every case. It seems, however, that the consumers who reject the fraudulent behavior of others have a crucial role in the fight against consumer misbehavior, as they are constant observers of this phenomenon and can react immediately. The aim of this article, therefore, is to present the concept of consumer misbehavior with examples relating to the tourism market. Moreover, the attitudes of consumers towards consumer misbehavior are examined through nethnographic research.


EGALITA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Tsalist Wildana ◽  
Irham Bashori Hasba

<p>Marriage at the age of children still occur in some areas. Not only in Indonesia, in some areas is still high number of early marriages. Indonesia has had a regulation on the protection of children. But on the other hand the marriage at the age of children is still high even ranked second in Southeast Asia after Cambodia. This obviously shows that regulation owned does not run optimally. This article will discuss about some children's rights that are violated by the existence of early marriage. Despite showing some of the negative effects of marriage on the age of the child but at the end of this writing offers several formulations so that children in the age of marriage is not so much seized the rights of the child.</p><p>Perkawinan di usia anak masih marak terjadi di beberapa wilayah. Tidak hanya di Indonesia, di beberapa wilayah masih tinggi angka perkawinan dini.Di Indonesia telah memiliki regulasi tentang perlindungan anak. Namun disisi lain perkawinan di usia anak masih tinggi bahkan menduduki peringkat ke 2 se Asia Tenggara setelah Kamboja. Hal ini jelas menunjukkan regulasi yang dimiliki tidak berjalan optimal. Pada tulisan ini akan membahas tentang beberapa hak anak yang dilanggar dengan adanya perkawinan dini. Kendati menunjukkan beberapa dampak negatifdari perkawinan di usia anak namun di akhir tulisan ini menawarkan beberapa formulasi agar perkawinan di usia anak tidak begitu banyak menyita hak-hak anak.</p><p> </p><p align="center"> </p><p> </p>


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