scholarly journals Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emission of Beef Heifers in Relation with Growth and Feed Efficiency

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Renand ◽  
Aurélie Vinet ◽  
Virginie Decruyenaere ◽  
David Maupetit ◽  
Dominique Dozias
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Reducing enteric methane production and improving the feed efficiency of heifers on roughage diets are important selection objectives for sustainable beef production. The objective of the current study was to assess the relationship between different methane production and feed efficiency criteria of beef heifers fed ad libitum roughage diets. A total of 326 Charolais heifers aged 22 months were controlled in two farms and fed either a grass silage (n = 252) or a natural meadow hay (n = 74) diet. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission rates (g/day) were measured with GreenFeed systems. The dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), CH4 and CO2 were measured over 8 to 12 weeks. Positive correlations were observed among body weight, DMI, ADG, CH4 and CO2. The residual feed intake (rwgDMI) was not related to CH4 or residual methane (rwiCH4). It was negatively correlated with methane yield (CH4/DMI): Rp = −0.87 and −0.83. Residual gain (rwiADG) and ADG/DMI were weakly and positively related to residual methane (rwiCH4): Rp = 0.21 on average. The ratio ADG/CO2 appeared to be a useful proxy of ADG/DMI (Rp = 0.64 and 0.97) and CH4/CO2 a proxy of methane yield (Rp = 0.24 and 0.33) for selecting low-emitting and efficient heifers.

scholarly journals Is Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Zhuo ◽  
Xu ◽  
Xu ◽  
Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Bayesian Quantile Regression ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Relationship

As a result of China’s economic growth, air pollution, including carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, has caused serious health problems and accompanying heavy economic burdens on healthcare. Therefore, the effect of carbon dioxide emission on healthcare expenditure (HCE) has attracted the interest of many researchers, most of which have adopted traditional empirical methods, such as ordinary least squares (OLS) or quantile regression (QR), to analyze the issue. This paper, however, attempts to introduce Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) to discuss the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and HCE, based on the longitudinal data of 30 provinces in China (2005–2016). It was found that carbon dioxide emission is, indeed, an important factor affecting healthcare expenditure in China, although its influence is not as great as the income variable. It was also revealed that the effect of carbon dioxide emission on HCE at a higher quantile was much smaller, which indicates that most people are not paying sufficient attention to the correlation between air pollution and healthcare. This study also proves the applicability of Bayesian quantile regression and its ability to offer more valuable information, as compared to traditional empirical tools, thus expanding and deepening research capabilities on the topic.

scholarly journals A Review of the Measurement Method, Analysis and Implementation Policy of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5873
Author(s):  
Nur Fatma Fadilah Yaacob ◽  
Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid ◽  
Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud ◽  
Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Implementation Policy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a review of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transportation in an attempt to establish a quick and suboptimal update of the methods used to calculate and analyze CO2 emissions from transportation. Transportation is the largest contributor to air pollution through the release of high amounts of CO2 gas into the atmosphere. The methods for calculating and analyzing the carbon footprint of transportation; which is of critical importance in the management of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming; are still being developed. However; there are some differences in the definitions and methods used to calculate the carbon footprint of transportation in previous studies. This review focuses on the similarities of the methods used to measure CO2 emissions as well as the analyses used to evaluate the emissions. This paper will also highlight the advantages and limitations of each research work. By doing this; the present study contributes to the selection of appropriate methods for calculating CO2 emissions from transportation and draws attention to environmental issues. It is hoped that the implementation of the most appropriate framework will help to reduce CO2 emissions from transportation

Carbon Dioxide Emission Rates and β-Glucosidase Activity in Mediterranean Ultisols Under Different Soil Management

Soil Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 175 (9) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Mariscal-Sancho ◽  
Jesús Santano ◽  
María-Ángeles Mendiola ◽  
Fernando Peregrina ◽  
Rafael Espejo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Glucosidase Activity

Methane and carbon dioxide emissions and grazed forage intake from pregnant beef heifers previously classified for residual feed intake under drylot conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghader Manafiazar ◽  
Thomas K. Flesch ◽  
Vern S. Baron ◽  
Lisa McKeown ◽  
Brittany Byron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Fecal Sampling

Objectives were to quantify the effect of post-weaning residual feed intake (RFI) on subsequent grazed forage intake, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Beef heifers classified for RFI adjusted for off-test backfat (RFIfat; 55 high and 56 low) at nine mo of age were monitored seven mo later for CH4 and CO2 emissions using the GreenFeed Emissions Monitoring system. Fifty-six of these heifers were also monitored as high and low RFIfat groups using Open Path Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (OP-FTIR). Heifers were dosed with one kg of C32 labelled pellets once daily for 15 d, with twice daily fecal sampling the last eight d to determine individual grazed forage intake using the n-alkane method. Low RFIfat pregnant heifers consumed less forage (10.25 vs. 10.81 kg DM d-1; P < 0.001), and emitted less daily CH4 (238.7 vs. 250.7 g d-1; P = 0.009) and CO2 (7578 vs. 8041 g d-1; P < 0.001) compared with high RFIfat animals. Results from the OP-FTIR further confirmed that low RFIfat heifers emitted 6.3% less (g d-1; P = 0.006) CH4 compared to their high RFIfat cohorts. Thus, selection for low RFIfat will decrease daily CH4 and CO2 emissions from beef cattle.

scholarly journals Relationships between feed efficiency and puberty in Bos taurus and Bos indicus-influenced replacement beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luara B Canal ◽  
Pedro L P Fontes ◽  
Carla D Sanford ◽  
Vitor R G Mercadante ◽  
Nicolas DiLorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Efficiency Test

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between residual feed intake (RFI) and parameters associated with reproductive efficiency in growing beef heifers. One hundred and seventy-nine replacement beef heifers (Bos taurus and Bos indicus-influenced) were enrolled in a retrospective cohort design. Heifers were assigned to a 70-d feed efficiency test, and results were utilized to retrospectively classify heifers into low (n = 51), medium (n = 66), or high (n = 62) RFI groups based on their individual RFI values. Blood samples were collected weekly throughout the feed efficiency test and breeding season, which were analyzed for plasma concentration of progesterone to determine age at puberty (PUB). By design, residual feed intake differed among RFI groups where high (1.21 ± 0.08 kg/d) had greater (P &lt; 0.01) RFI than medium (0.00 ± 0.08 kg/d) and low RFI groups (–1.49 ± 0.09 kg/d), and medium had greater (P &lt; 0.01) RFI than low RFI heifers. Yet, no differences were observed between breed types for RFI (P = 0.53). Average daily gain (ADG) differed between breed types where Bos taurus heifers had greater ADG (P = 0.02) than B. indicus-influenced heifers. Furthermore, ADG tended (P = 0.08) to differ among RFI groups, where medium RFI heifers tended to have reduced ADG compared with low and high RFI heifers. No differences were determined between breed types for gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; P = 0.20; however, G:F differed among RFI groups and was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in low vs. high, and low vs. medium RFI heifers. The percentage of cycling heifers by the start of the breeding season differed (P = 0.03) by RFI group, where a greater percentage of low RFI heifers were cycling compared with high RFI heifers. A difference was determined on PUB between breed types (P = 0.03), where Bos taurus (393.40 ± 4.64 d) heifers had a reduced PUB compared with B. indicus-influenced (406.90 ± 5.07 d) heifers. In addition, PUB differed by RFI group where low (385.96 ± 6.20 d; P &lt; 0.01) and medium (398.47 ± 5.47 d; P = 0.02) RFI heifers had a reduced PUB compared with High RFI heifers (416.03 ± 5.58 d). In conclusion, more feed efficient heifers attained PUB earlier than less feed efficient heifers. Therefore, selection of heifers for feed efficiency may positively impact reproductive performance of replacement beef heifers.

scholarly journals The Impact of International Tourism on Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emission in Asean Five Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aulia Hapsari Juwita ◽  
Suryanto Suryanto ◽  
Bhimo Rizky Samudro
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equilibrium Relationships ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is the international tourism have impact on economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissionsin ASEAN Five (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore) or not. There are increase in tourism receipts, GDP, and FDI as well as CO2 emissions approximately 9%, 5%, 4% and 26% respectively. They are always increasing, but is there any relation between international tourism, GDP and carbon dioxide (CO2). This research employs data from 1995 to 2018 to examine long-run equilibrium relationships between tourism, CO2, economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI). Panel analysis with unit root and cointegration test approachis utilized. This paper found that there is a long-term equilibrium relationships between each variable.The tourism receipt, FDI and CO2 emissions affect economic growth positively and statistically significant. In addition, economic growth affect CO2 emissions while tourism does not affect CO2 and FDI indicates a negative relationship on CO2 emissions. Finally, the paper reveals that international tourism receipt affect economic growth but does not affect CO2.

scholarly journals Design and Development of a Carbon Footprint Calculation Model for Universiti Tenaga Nasional

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6236-6239
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
College Of Engineering

Carbon footprint is the amount of a greenhouse gas (GHG) produced as a result of human activities, usually expressed in equivalent kilograms of carbon dioxide (CO2). As the amount of greenhouse gases emission increases, the global temperature increases. In the context of a global awareness of the climate change, carbon footprint has recently become extensively calculated and ways to reduce it are proposed. The purpose of this research is to calculate the amount of carbon footprint discharged by students in College of Engineering (COE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN). From this research a model to calculate the carbon dioxide emission released from the activities done by the COE students particularly, is developed. Literature reviews are done leading to an explanation of what emission categories should be presented in a CO2 calculation for a university. This includes emission sources in each buildings, activities and services in COE particularly. Conducting survey is one of the methods to get the data from the students and staffs directly. From this data, the calculation is done and tabulated in the Excel template. From this template model, the carbon footprint for each or total students of COE can be known. Referring to this data, CO2 reduction strategy in COE particularly and UNITEN generally can be proposed.

scholarly journals Time-Based Trend of Carbon Emissions in the Composting Process of Swine Manure in the Context of Agriculture 4.0

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Huh ◽  
Ki-Youn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Composting Facility ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The widespread raising of swine in farms becomes a serious problem in terms of the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). This study aims to measure concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane, which account for the largest percentage of carbon emissions, to temporally estimate the carbon emitted during the pig-manure composting process. The research subject was a farmhouse raising 3000 growing pigs and 100 mother pigs. The capacity of the composting facility for pig manure treatment was 330 m2, and the daily treatment was about 6 tons. After the pig manure discharged from the pig farm was delivered to the composting facility, for the 8 days including 6 before mixing and 2 after mixing, the concentrations of CO2 and CH4 were measured. The result shows that the CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the composting facility were 1208 ± 385 ppm and 95 ± 10 ppm, respectively. In the comparison of concentrations before and after mixing at the composting facility, the values of both CO2 and CH4 increased, and the temperature increased as well. The concentration of CO2 and CH4 increased to 499 ± 103 ppm and 3 ± 11 ppm, respectively, and the temperature rose by 3.7 ± 1.0 °C and 1.6 ± 2.4 °C, respectively. In the correlation analysis (r = 0, p < 0.05), the carbon dioxide emission in the composting process was 15.564 ± 3.671 tons C/year, whereas carbon emission was 1.379 ± 0.147 tons C/year. The concentrations of CO2 and methane, which are the current major atmospheric pollution sources, were respectively analyzed during the pig-manure composting process in this study to understand their effects. Thus, this paper attempts to elucidate the carbon cycle by measuring and analyzing the carbon data obtained from livestock excretions to secure a supply chain based on the intelligent use of the data.

Life Cycle Assessment of Typical Electric Vehicle IGBT Module

2016 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
pp. 398-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Igbt Module ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Based on Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of producing a typical electric vehicle (EV) IGBT module by the GaBi software has been analyzed. Carbon dioxide emission of each step, including raw material production, frontend, backend and transportation, of the whole life cycle was identified and evaluated. The results show that the CO2 emission of the frontend accounts for 51% of the total emission, and that of the backend accounts for 32.8%.

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