scholarly journals Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Salmonella in Urban Cats: Is There an Actual Risk to Public Health?

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1404
Author(s):  
János Dégi ◽  
Kálmán Imre ◽  
Viorel Herman ◽  
Iulia Bucur ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Actual Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Faecal Samples

The present study was undertaken to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in the faeces of client-owned cats in urban areas and to evaluate the risk that is posed to public health. Fresh faecal samples were collected directly from the rectums from 53 diarrhoeic and 32 non-diarrhoeic cats. The samples were individually screened for the presence of Salmonella spp. using standard methods and, in the case of positive findings, the resulting typical colonies were then biochemically confirmed using the VITEK®2 automated system. Subsequently, all of the Salmonella spp. isolates were molecularly tested for the presence of the invA gene. All of the isolates were serotyped using the slide agglutination technique according to the White–Kauffmann–Le Minor scheme. The phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolated strains was obtained from the VITEK®2 system using specific cards from the Gram-negative bacteria. A total of 16 of the samples (18.82%) tested positive for Salmonella spp. according to conventional and molecular testing methods. Serotyping of the Salmonella isolates showed the presence of three serotypes, namely S. enteritidis (n = 9; 56.3%), S. typhimurium (n = 4; 25%), and S. kentucky (n = 3; 18.8%). All of the tested strains showed strong resistance towards cefazolin, cefepime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. Additionally, resistance (listed in descending order of strength) was observed to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (11/16; 68.8%), ampicillin (10/16; 62.5%), ampicillin/sulbactam (9/16; 56.3%), gentamicin (9/16; 56.3%), nitrofurantoin (8/16; 50.0%), and amikacin (5/16; 31.3%). No resistance was expressed against ciprofloxacin, ertapenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and tobramycin. The results of this study highlight a substantial public health issue and medical concern, especially in vulnerable people, such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.

scholarly journals Infectious Diarrhea, a Public Health Problem in Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Deac Monica
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Diarrheal Illness

Infec­tious etiology in acute diarrhea, referred several gastrointestinal diseases, Most are gastroenteri­tis associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdomi­nal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal ur­gency disorders. Diarrheal illness is a large worldwide public health problem, with substantial regional variation, in the prevalence of medical signs by being caused by specific pathogens. Infectious diarrheal diseases, are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can cause real public health concerns. Such diarrhea was studied as a medical disorder, in a 3 years period, 2017 to 2020, in Transylvania a large region in Romania. It was found there, 3577 number of diarrheal diseases cases, appeared almost during July to August. The case incidence for the disease arrived at 65%, in the entire summer season. The cases data were transmitted by 12 district Sanitary Polices, to the Public Health Center Cluj. Cases were almost diagnosed by the family doctors of the region, in more then 50%. Few of this have need some days of hospitalization, because of several disease disorders, in which case it was used a specific adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement as key of the treatment, for managing diarrheal illnesses. Even so, 3 children under 5 years age died, because of severe complications. It was remarked so, organic failed who was estimate to be the cause of their deaths. Clinical and epidemiological evaluations were done and even defined the severity and type of this mentioned illnesses. The detected infectious etiology for the acute diarrheas, where determined in authorized Microbiology laboratories, where were identified: Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Yersinia spp, Rotavirus, Giardia. Most number of cases appeared in children, being suggestive in 63%, followed by elderly or adult people in 17% each. Acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue, against which some determined control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance of infectious acute diarrhea, includes obligatory done strategies for a correct infection control.

scholarly journals The association of demographic and socioeconomic determinants and self-perceived health

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Jankovic ◽  
Snezana Simic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Level Of Significance

Introduction. Inequalities in health are evident in the whole world and present an important and consistent public health issue. The highest contribution to the inequality in heath is attributable to the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of health. Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the demographic (gender, age, marital status and type of settlement) and socioeconomic determinants of health (education and Wealth Index), and self-perceived health. Methods. In the study the data from 2006 National Health Survey of the population of Serbia were used. The interview involved 14,522 adults aged ?20 years. The association between the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of health as independent variables, and self-perceived health as dependent variable were examined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The minimum level of significance was p<0.05. Results. According to our study, the elderly and females significantly more often perceived their health as poor. Respondents living in rural settings were less likely to perceive their health as poor compared to those living in urban settings (odds ratio was 0.82 in males and 0.75 in females). Males with low education were three times more likely to perceive their health as poor (odds ratio was 3.46) in relation to males with high education. This association was more pronounced in females (odds ratio was 5.37). The same pattern was observed for Wealth Index. Conclusion. This study showed that demographic and socioeconomic inequalities in self-perceived health are present in Serbia. Comprehensive public health policies and interventions for reducing these inequalities are urgently needed with the primarily focus on the most disadvantaged socioeconomic groups.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides in contaminated faecal samples of children residing in urban areas of Lahore, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahida Azhar Ali ◽  
Sadaf Niaz ◽  
Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino ◽  
Wajid Ali ◽  
Majid Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Urban Study ◽  
Faecal Samples

AbstractAscariasis is a common public health problem of preschool and primary school children in developing countries like Pakistan. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of Ascaris lumbericoides (A. lumbricoides) infection among children residing in urban areas of Lahore, to provide information on ascariasis to promote awareness and prevention programs between the participants specially on the months or season of higher prevalence. To investigate the prevalence of Ascaris Lumbricoides in the contaminated faecal samples of children residing in urban areas of Lahore, a study was conducted from November 2010 to October 2012 and we collected 3600 stratified faecal samples from six urban study areas. Overall 32/3600 (0.88%) prevalence of fecal samples was found positive for eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides. Area wise highest presence positivity 1.67% was observed in Allama Iqbal Town followed by 1.17% in Samanabad, 1.00% in Wapda Town, 1.00% in Gulberg, 0.50% in Cantt, and the lowest 0.00% in Valencia Town respectively (p < 0.001) The highest month wise positivity prevalence 3/300 (3.33%) (p < 0.001) was observed in the month of September that gradually declined up to 0/300 (0.00%) in the month of March. The results reveal that urban areas of Lahore are susceptible to Ascaris Lubricoides infection and the highest prevalence were observed autumn on the month of September.

scholarly journals INTEGRALITY IN HEALTH CARE FOR THE ELDERLY: A PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Mírian Dias Moreira e Silva ◽  
Keidson Rodrigues de Brito ◽  
André Dias Moreira e Silva ◽  
GINA ANDRADE ABDALA ◽  
Maria Dyrce Dias Meira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Comprehensive Care ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Care For The Elderly

Introduction: the demands for goods and services aimed at the health needs of the elderly require a different perspective that considers the human being in all its dimensions: biopsychosocial and spiritual. Objective: to reflect on the assistance strategies that impact comprehensive care for the elderly, based on public health policies. Methodology: reflective essay that contextualizes comprehensive care for the elderly. Results: the content is presented in four sections: "Population aging in Brazil" "Public Health Policies: a brief historical recovery"; "Comprehensiveness in health care: practices and challenges" and, finally, "Training to work in the health of the elderly and communication strategies". Conclusion: it is clear that different care strategies, including verbal and non-verbal communication, contribute to greater comprehensiveness and humanization in the care of the elderly. It also appears that public health policies depend on intersectoral integration to provide care for the elderly in a holistic way.

scholarly journals Religious Coping, Medication Adherence and Quality of Life for Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Made Mahaguna Putra ◽  
Kadek Siki Mariani ◽  
Ni Nyoman Ari Ratnadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue particularly in the elderly. Religion may affect the Quality of Life in such patients, mediated by factors such as religious coping and medication adherence. This study aimed to investigate the impact of religious coping and medication adherence on quality of life.Method: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue particularly in the elderly. Religion may affect the Quality of Life in such patients, mediated by factors such as religious coping and medication adherence. This study aimed to investigate the impact of religious coping and medication adherence on quality of life.Result: there is a significant relationship between Religious Coping and adherence to treatment in Diabetes Mellitus patients with a value of r = 0.266 (p = 0.00) and quality of life (r = 0.216; p = 0.00).Conclusion: Religious coping has an important influence and relationship on treatment adherence to diabetes mellitus sufferers and can provide motivation for sufferers in carrying out medication.

scholarly journals Opioid Addiction in Rural North Carolina: A Criminal Justice and Public Health Issue

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
James F. Anderson ◽  
Kelley Reinsmith-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Opioid Addiction ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Current Crisis

Opioid addiction and abuse has become a nationwide epidemic in America. Chief among the states where this behavior is most pervasive is North Carolina. Current statistics reveal that not only are addiction, abuse, and untimely deaths owing to overdose (especially from heroin use) are found in urban areas, but these behaviors are also pervasive in rural areas of the state where health experts and criminal justice officials struggle with the challenges of addressing public health and criminal justice consequences that come with drug addiction and abuse such as treatment, prevention, and punishments, respectively. Unlike urban areas that often have adequate resources to address these concerns, this is not the case in rural areas that struggle with more addicts and offenders than resources to manage this current crisis. Because of the complexity of the opioid crisis and many of the past lessons learned from the crack cocaine epidemic of the 1980s, we believe that society can more effectively address the new opioid epidemic by relying on both criminal justice as well as public health strategies.

scholarly journals Mapping the Spatial Variability of Sexually Transmitted Infections Across Fiji Health Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Sidloski ◽  
Tayyab Shah ◽  
Elisa Toroca
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Significant Public Health

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant public health problem in countries within the South Pacific, including Fiji. If untreated, curable STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis can cause infertility, adverse outcomes in pregnancy, and can increase the risk of contracting HIV in infected individuals. Methods: This research used cartographic software to map and analyze the spatial distribution of selected STIs across health regions in Fiji. Total rates of STIs, as well as the prevalence of gonorrhea and syphilis specifically, were examined for the years of 2007 and 2016 to determine how spatial distribution patterns have changed over this period, and how resources might currently be most effectively mobilized to address this public health issue. Results/Discussion: Our findings suggest that while some specific regions with high prevalence rates for 2007 and 2016 should be targeted for intervention in the short term, lack of data collecting and reporting raises concerns about the accuracy of rate estimations in non-urban areas. Conclusion: Analyzing the spatial distribution of the prevalence of STIs in a given population can better inform the development and implementation of intervention strategies at local scales, thus improving health outcomes for countries and their communities. Overall, consistent and transparent STI data collection and reporting procedures are necessary for effective long-term management and minimization of STI spread in Fiji.

scholarly journals Infectious Diarrhea, a Public Health Problem in Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Deac Liana Monica
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Diarrheal Illness

Infec­tious etiology in acute diarrhea, referred several gastrointestinal diseases, Most are gastroenteri­tis associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdomi­nal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal ur­gency disorders. Diarrheal illness is a large worldwide public health problem, with substantial regional variation, in the prevalence of medical signs by being caused by specific pathogens. Infectious diarrheal diseases, are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can cause real public health concerns. Such diarrhea was studied as a medical disorder, in a 3 years period, 2017 to 2020, in Transylvania a large region in Romania. It was found there, 3577 number of diarrheal diseases cases, appeared almost during July to August. The case incidence for the disease arrived at 65%, in the entire summer season. The cases data were transmitted by 12 district Sanitary Polices, to the Public Health Center Cluj. Cases were almost diagnosed by the family doctors of the region, in more then 50%. Few of this have need some days of hospitalization, because of several disease disorders, in which case it was used a specific adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement as key of the treatment, for managing diarrheal illnesses. Even so, 3 children under 5 years age died, because of severe complications. It was remarked so, organic failed who was estimate to be the cause of their deaths. Clinical and epidemiological evaluations were done and even defined the severity and type of this mentioned illnesses. The detected infectious etiology for the acute diarrheas, where determined in authorized Microbiology laboratories, where were identified: Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Yersinia spp, Rotavirus, Giardia. Most number of cases appeared in children, being suggestive in 63%, followed by elderly or adult people in 17% each. Acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue, against which some determined control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance of infectious acute diarrhea, includes obligatory done strategies for a correct infection control.

scholarly journals A hidden deadly venomous insect: First eco-epidemiological assessment and risk mapping of lonomism in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009542
Author(s):  
Milena Gisela Casafús ◽  
Marília Melo Favalesso ◽  
Micaela Andrea Gritti ◽  
Juan Manuel Coronel ◽  
Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
South American ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Occasional Occurrence ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background Envenomation by the South American Lonomia saturniid caterpillars, named lonomism, constitutes an emerging and somewhat neglected public health issue in Argentina and neighboring countries. Considering that there is an intricate relationship between environment and human health in such cases, this study aimed to analyze the eco-epidemiological profile of 40 accidents and 33 occurrences of Lonomia spp. in Misiones (Argentina) between January 2014 and May 2020. Methodology/Principal findings We described the eco-epidemiological variables and characterized the abiotic scenario of such cases. Additionally, we obtained a density map that shows the punctual intensity of Lonomia records throughout Misiones. Most of the accidents occurred in the Department of Guaraní and involved male victims younger than 20 years old. The accidental/occasional occurrence of Lonomia spp. (considering both adult and caterpillar stages together) was significantly higher in the rural area, whereas only adult specimens were found in urban areas. We determined that the presence of this insect in Misiones is positively related to higher temperatures and solar radiation, and larger precipitation and evapotranspiration throughout the year. Conclusion/Significance This study represents an initial step towards the global understanding of lonomism as a public health problem in Argentina. It provides a map of the risk level for this envenomation in Misiones, which could help authorities address public health policy efforts to implement sustainable strategies for prevention and response to this threat in Northeastern Argentina and neighboring regions.

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