scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of Nucleic Acid Degradability of Copper Alloy Surfaces and Its Correlation to Antibacterial Activity

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Akiko Yamamoto ◽  
Shinji Tanaka ◽  
Keiichiro Ohishi
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Antibacterial Materials ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Film Method

Copper (Cu) and its alloys have bactericidal activity known as “contact killing” with degradation of nucleic acids inside the bacteria, which is beneficial to inhibit horizontal gene transfer (HGF). In order to understand the nucleic acid degradability of Cu and its alloy surfaces, we developed a new in vitro method to quantitatively evaluate it by a swab method under a “dry” condition and compared it with that of commercially available antibacterial materials such as antibacterial stainless steel, pure silver, and antibacterial resins. As a result, only Cu and its alloys showed continuous degradation of nucleic acids for up to 6 h of contact time. The nucleic acid degradability levels of the Cu alloys and other antibacterial materials correlate to their antibacterial activities evaluated by a film method referring to JIS Z 2801:2012 for Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Nucleic acid degradation by copper (I) and (II) chlorides was confirmed at the ranges over 10 mM and 1–20 mM, respectively, suggesting that the copper ion release may be responsible for the degradation of the nucleic acids on Cu and its alloy surfaces. In conclusion, the higher Cu content in the alloys gave higher nucleic acid degradability and higher antibacterial activities.

Insulin and incorporation of radioactivity into nucleic acid fraction of isolated diaphragm

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira G. Wool
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Orotic Acid ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Isolated Rat

Insulin in vitro stimulated the incorporation into the nucleic acid fraction of isolated rat diaphragm of radioactivity from d-glucose-U-C14, adenine-8-C14 and orotic acid-6-C14; insulin had no effect on the incorporation of thymine-2-C14 into muscle nucleic acids. Insulin enhanced the incorporation into nucleic acids of C14 from adenine and orotic acid in the absence of added glucose, and incorporation of adenine-8-C14 was not influenced by glucose concentration over the range 0–600 mg %.

Hydroxyproline-Based DNA Mimics: A Review on Synthesis and Properties

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 929-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Efimov ◽  
Oksana G. Chakhmakhcheva
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Peptide Nucleic Acids ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Physicochemical And Biological Properties

With the aim to improve physicochemical and biological properties of natural oligonucleotides, many types of DNA analogues and mimics are designed on the basis of hydroxyproline and its derivatives, and their properties are evaluated. Among them, two types of DNA mimics representing hetero-oligomers constructed from alternating monomers of phosphono peptide nucleic acids and monomers on the base of trans-1-acetyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline (HypNA-pPNAs) and oligomers constructed from monomers containing (2S,4R)-1-acetyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-phosphonic acid backbone (pHypNAs) are of particular interest. In a set of in vitro and in vivo assays, it was shown that HypNA-pPNAs and pHypNAs demonstrated a high potential for the use in nucleic acid based diagnostics, isolation of nucleic acids and antisense experiments. A review with 53 references.

scholarly journals CD14 is a coreceptor of Toll-like receptors 7 and 9

2010 ◽  
Vol 207 (12) ◽  
pp. 2689-2701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph L. Baumann ◽  
Irene M. Aspalter ◽  
Omar Sharif ◽  
Andreas Pichlmair ◽  
Stephan Blüml ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

Recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system requires proteins that detect conserved molecular patterns. Nucleic acids are recognized by cytoplasmic sensors as well as by endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs). It has become evident that TLRs require additional proteins to be activated by their respective ligands. In this study, we show that CD14 (cluster of differentiation 14) constitutively interacts with the MyD88-dependent TLR7 and TLR9. CD14 was necessary for TLR7- and TLR9-dependent induction of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and for TLR9-dependent innate immune responses in mice. CD14 associated with TLR9 stimulatory DNA in precipitation experiments and confocal imaging. The absence of CD14 led to reduced nucleic acid uptake in macrophages. Additionally, CD14 played a role in the stimulation of TLRs by viruses. Using various types of vesicular stomatitis virus, we showed that CD14 is dispensable for viral uptake but is required for the triggering of TLR-dependent cytokine responses. These data show that CD14 has a dual role in nucleic acid–mediated TLR activation: it promotes the selective uptake of nucleic acids, and it acts as a coreceptor for endosomal TLR activation.

Investigation of twisted intercalating nucleic acid (TINA)-modified antisense oligonucleotides for splice modulation by induced exon-skipping in vitro

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (97) ◽  
pp. 95169-95172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao T. Le ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Filichev ◽  
Rakesh N. Veedu
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Exon Skipping

We have investigated the applicability of twisted intercalating nucleic acids (TINA)-modified antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) in exon skipping. We found that TINA-modified AOs induced exon skipping.

scholarly journals Immunostimulatory Endogenous Nucleic Acids Perpetuate Interface Dermatitis—Translation of Pathogenic Fundamentals Into an In Vitro Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Braegelmann ◽  
Tanja Fetter ◽  
Dennis Niebel ◽  
Lara Dietz ◽  
Thomas Bieber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Chemokine Receptor ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Cxc Chemokine

Interface dermatitis is a histopathological pattern mirroring a distinct cytotoxic immune response shared by a number of clinically diverse inflammatory skin diseases amongst which lichen planus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are considered prototypic. Interface dermatitis is characterized by pronounced cytotoxic immune cell infiltration and necroptotic keratinocytes at the dermoepidermal junction. The initial inflammatory reaction is established by cytotoxic immune cells that express CXC chemokine receptor 3 and lesional keratinocytes that produce corresponding ligands, CXC motif ligands 9/10/11, recruiting the effector cells to the site of inflammation. During the resulting anti-epithelial attack, endogenous immune complexes and nucleic acids are released from perishing keratinocytes, which are then perceived by the innate immune system as danger signals. Keratinocytes express a distinct signature of pattern recognition receptors and binding of endogenous nucleic acid motifs to these receptors results in interferon-mediated immune responses and further enhancement of CXC chemokine receptor 3 ligand production. In this perspective article, we will discuss the role of innate nucleic acid sensing as a common mechanism in the perpetuation of clinically heterogeneous diseases featuring interface dermatitis based on own data and a review of the literature. Furthermore, we will introduce a keratinocyte-specific in vitro model of interface dermatitis as follows: Stimulation of human keratinocytes with endogenous nucleic acids alone and in combination with interferon gamma leads to pronounced production of distinct cytokines, which are essential in the pathogenesis of interface dermatitis. This experimental approach bears the capability to investigate potential therapeutics in this group of diseases with unmet medical need.

scholarly journals Changes in nucleic acid and protein levels during in vitro germ¬nation and elongation of Lilium longifforum cv. "Ace" polleni

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
William V. Dashek
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Rna And Dna ◽  
Rna Levels

While changes in nucleic acid and protein levels during germination and subsequent tube elongation have been determined for a number of pollens, they have not been extensively examined for <em>in vitro</em> grown <em>Lilium longiflorum</em>, cv. `Ace' pollen. Nucleic acids and proteins were extracted with cold trichloroacetic acrid (TCA), cold-hot TCA or cold TCA and potassium hydroxide-perchloric acid (KOH-HClO<sub>4</sub>). Following extraction, RNA, DNA and total protein were assayed colorimetrically with orcinol, diphenylamine and Folin-Phenol reagents, respectively. Extraction of 500 x g supernatants with KOH-HClO<sub>4</sub>, yielded less RNA than either of the TCA-extraction procedures which gave similar nucleic acids and protein recoveries. Whereas total protein levels decreased initially and then increased during 36 h, RNA and DNA levels rose throughout the time-course. Precipitation and quaritiation of nucleic acids and protein from homogenized and soaicated 500 x g pellets resulted in time-dependent alterations in levels of macromolecules which differed from those for 500 x g supernatants. Whereas DNA and RNA levels increased and then decreased over 36 h, total protein levels remained constant for 12 h and then declined during the : next 24 h. Addition of the data obtained for 500 x g supernatants to those for 500 x g pellets revealed that total protein levels increased 2.4 times for the first 12 h and thereafter remained constant, that RNA levels increased 9.8 times for the first 12 h and then levelled off and that the DNA content rose more than 5 times over 36 h.

Basic Protein Film Methods in the Electron Microscopy of Nucleic Acids

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-594
Author(s):  
N. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Protein Film ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Film Method ◽  
Positively Charged

I wish to discuss applications of the basic protein film method for mounting nucleic acids for electron microscopy. In this method, the nucleic acid and an excess of a positively charged low molecular weight globular protein (cytochrome-c is commonly used) are dissolved in a suitable electrolyte solution (ammonium acetate or Tris works well). The electrolyte concentration should be high enough so that the electrostatic binding of the positively charged protein to the negatively charged nucleic acid does not cause precipitation. This solution is layered on to a hypophase which contains a lower concentration of the electrolyte. Some of the protein denatures and forms a film on the surface of the hypophase. Because of the increased strength of the electrostatic interactions at the reduced electrolyte concentration, some of the nucleic acid molecules bind to the positively charged protein film.

A Systematic Review of Current Progresses in the Nucleic Acid-Based Therapies for Neurodegeneration with Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 1499-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghaffari ◽  
Nima Sanadgol ◽  
Mohammad Abdollahi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Micro Rnas

Recently, manipulation of gene expression and switching genes on or off highlight the potential of nucleic acid-based therapies (NA-BTs). Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a common devastating neurodegenerative disease (NDs) responsible for 60-80% of all cases of dementia and predicted as a main public health concern among aged populations. The aim of this study was to outline the current research in the field of NA-BTs for the treatment of AD disabilities, including strategies to suppress the memory and learning defects, to promote recovery processes, and to reinforce social relationships in these patients. This review was performed via evaluating PubMed reported studies from January 2010 to November 2019. Also, reference lists were checked to find additional studies. All intermediation or complementarity of animal models, case-control and cohort studies, and controlled trials (CTs) on specific NA-BTs to AD were acceptable, although in vitro studies were excluded due to the considerable diversities and heterogeneities. After removing the duplicates according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) instruction, we merged remaining titles across search databases. There are 48 ongoing studies related to the application of nucleic acids in the treatment and diagnosis of AD where more consideration is given to DNA targeting strategies (18 targets for vectors and aptamers), antisense oligonucleotides (10 targets), micro-RNAs mimics (7 targets), antagomiRs (6 targets), small interferences-RNAs (5 targets), as well as mRNAs (2 targets) respectively. All of these targets are grouped into 4 categories according to their role in molecular pathways where amyloid-&#946; (18 targets), neural survival (11 targets), memory and cognition (8 targets), and tau (3 targets) are more targeted pathways, respectively. With recent successes in the systemic delivery of nucleic acids via intravenous injection; it is worth investing in the production of new-generation medicines. There are still several challenges for NA-BTs including, their delivery to the effective modulators, mass production at low cost, sustaining efficacy and minimizing off‐target effects. Regarding miRNA-based therapies, given the obvious involvement of miRNAs in numerous facets of brain disease, and the many sophisticated techniques for delivery to the brain, miRNA-based therapies will make new hope for the treatment of neurological diseases such as AD.

scholarly journals Internalisation and Biological Activity of Nucleic Acids Delivering Cell-Penetrating Peptide Nanoparticles Is Controlled by the Biomolecular Corona

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Annely Lorents ◽  
Maria Maloverjan ◽  
Kärt Padari ◽  
Margus Pooga
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptides ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Cell Penetrating

Nucleic acid molecules can be transferred into cells to alter gene expression and, thus, alleviate certain pathological conditions. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are vectors that can be used for transfecting nucleic acids as well as many other compounds. CPPs associate nucleic acids non-covalently, forming stable nanoparticles and providing efficient transfection of cells in vitro. However, in vivo, expected efficiency is achieved only in rare cases. One of the reasons for this discrepancy is the formation of protein corona around nanoparticles, once they are exposed to a biological environment, e.g., blood stream. In this study, we compared protein corona of CPP-nucleic acid nanoparticles formed in the presence of bovine, murine and human serum. We used Western blot and mass-spectrometry to identify the major constituents of protein corona forming around nanoparticles, showing that proteins involved in transport, haemostasis and complement system are its major components. We investigated physical features of nanoparticles and measured their biological efficiency in splice-correction assay. We showed that protein corona constituents might alter the fate of nanoparticles in vivo, e.g., by subjecting them to phagocytosis. We demonstrated that composition of protein corona of nanoparticles is species-specific that leads to dissimilar transfection efficiency and should be considered while developing delivery systems for nucleic acids.

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