Antibiofilm Activity of Three Different Irrigation Techniques: An in Vitro Study

The microbial infection of the endodontic space occurs in a necrotic tooth as a result of dental caries, trauma, periodontal disease, or previous root canal therapy. The disruption of the biofilms and the reduction of the bacterial load inside root canals are crucial for the success of root canal therapy. The aim of this study was to compare, in vitro, the antibiofilm efficacy of a novel passive sonic irrigation (PSI) device with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and conventional needle irrigation (CNI). Forty-four single-rooted human teeth were inoculated with a culture of E. faecalis for 28 days. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups: PUI, CNI, and PSI (n = 12). The activation protocols were performed using both 17% EDTA and 5.25% NaOCl. Residual bacterial biofilm was taken by means of a canal brush and colony-forming unit (CFU) were counted. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Games‐Howell’s post hoc tests. A major reduction in CFU was observed in the PSI and PUI groups, in comparison with the CNI group. No difference was found (p > 0.05) in terms of CFU reduction between PSI and PUI. PSI could be as effective as PUI in the removal of bacterial biofilms from straight root canals.

Download Full-text

Effect of calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing on the bond strength of a resin-based endodontic sealer

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402008000300009 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 224-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

João Vicente Baroni Barbizam ◽

Martin Trope ◽

Érica C.N. Teixeira ◽

Mário Tanomaru-Filho ◽

Fabrício B. Teixeira

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Root Canal ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Root Canals

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of Epiphany™ resin-based sealer to dentin walls after placement of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] dressings. Fifteen extracted single-rooted human teeth were instrumented using 2.5% NaOCl + EDTA as irrigants. The teeth were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=5), according to the intracanal dressing: G1= Ca(OH)2 + saline; G2= Ca(OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) gel; and G3= saline (control). After 10 days of storage in 100% humidity at 37ºC, the dressings were removed and the root canals were filled with Epiphany™ sealer. After additional 48 h of storage, the specimens were sectioned transversally into 2-mm-thick discs. Push-out tests were performed (1 mm/min, Instron 4411) and the maximum loads at failure were recorded in MPa. One-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls tests showed a statistically significant decrease in bond strength when a Ca(OH)2 dressing was used before root canal filling with Epiphany™ (G1= 10.18 ± 1.99 and G2= 9.98 ± 2.97) compared to the control group (13.82 ± 3.9) (p< 0.05). It may be concluded that the use of Ca(OH)2 as an intracanal dressing material affected the adhesion of Epiphany™ to the root canal walls, but even though the values were within the acceptable range found in the literature.

Download Full-text

The Antibacterial Efficacy of Biopure MTAD in Root Canal Contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis

ISRN Dentistry ◽

10.5402/2012/390526 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Blerim Kamberi ◽

Donika Bajrami ◽

Miranda Stavileci ◽

Shuhreta Omeragiq ◽

Fatmir Dragidella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Exact Test ◽

Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Root Canals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Level Of Significance

Aim. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of Biopure MTAD against E. faecalis in contaminated root canals. Materials and Methods. Forty-two single rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for four weeks. The samples were divided in two control and five experimental groups irrigated with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl); 3% NaOCl; BioPure MTAD; 1.5% NaOCl/17% EDTA; or 3% NaOCl/17% EDTA. After a one-week incubation, complete disinfection was confirmed by the absence of turbidity in the incubation media. Dentin shavings were taken from samples with no turbidity to verify whether E. faecalis was present in dentin tubules. Results were analyzed statistically using Fisher's exact test, with the level of significance set at . Results. Statistical analysis of the data obtained at Day 7 and after dentin shaving analysis showed that BioPure MTAD had significantly greater antibacterial activity than 1.5% NaOCl, 1.5% NaOCl/17% EDTA and 3% NaOCl/17% EDTA. No significant difference was detected between MTAD and 3% NaOCl. Conclusions. These findings suggest that BioPure MTAD possesses superior bactericidal activity compared with NaOCl and EDTA against E. faecalis.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of a silicon-based root canal sealer for filling of simulated lateral canals

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402007000100005 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 20-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

João Vicente Baroni Barbizam ◽

Matheus Souza ◽

Doglas Cecchin ◽

Jakob Dabbel

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Root Canal Sealer ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Significance Level ◽

Working Length ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Silicon Based

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of a silicon-based root canal sealer, compared to zinc oxide and eugenol and an epoxy resin-based sealers, for filling of simulated lateral canals. Thirty extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected, conventional access was made and the working length was established 1 mm from the apical foramen. Three simulated lateral canals, one in each root third (coronal, middle and apical) were prepared in both the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth using a size 15 reamer adapted to a low-speed handpiece. Each root canal was instrumented using ProTaper rotary files up to file F3 at the working length, and then irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl followed by EDTA. The teeth were assigned to 3 groups (n=10), according to the root canal sealer: Roeko Seal (Group 1), Sealer 26 (group 2) and Grossman's sealer (Group 3). Gutta-percha cold lateral condensation technique was performed in all groups. Postoperative radiographs were taken and the images were projected for evaluation of the quality of lateral canal filling. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by Kruskal Wallis test at 5% significance level. The results showed that Grossman's sealer filled a larger number of lateral canals than Roeko Seal (p<0.05) and Sealer 26 (p<0.01). It may be concluded that Roeko Seal silicone-based root canal sealer was not as effective as the Grossman's sealer for filling of simulated lateral canals. The lateral canals localized in the apical third of the root were more difficult to be filled.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of flavonoid from mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) as Enterococcus faecalis antibiofilm

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v7i1.2017.18-22 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Dalhar Hakiki ◽

Latief Mooduto ◽

Ketut Suardita ◽

Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Root Canals ◽

Post Test ◽

Planktonic Form ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Different Characteristics

Background:Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a microorganism that is commonly found in endodontic failure treatment, this due to several characteristics of E.faecalis which has the capabillity to living in environments with high salt levels, high temperature, and pH broad spectrum. Bacteria in biofilms form is one of the adaptive process that allows bacteria to survive in an environment with low nutrients in the root canals. Bacteria in biofilms form have different characteristics from planktonic form, resistance to phagocytic cells and drugs, which can effect to persistent infection. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) has many benefits, especially on the pericarp of the fruit contains alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Flavonoids are the largest group of phenolic compounds that have a nature effectively inhibit the growth of viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Purpose:Purpose of this study wasto find out the role of the antibiofilm of the flavonoid in garcinia mangostana pericarp against E. faecalis bacterial biofilm. Methods:Laboratory experimental in-vitro with post test only group design. The method used is microtitter plate biofilm assay and continued with the readings use Elisa reader at a wavelength of 595 nm. Results:Flavonoids mangosteen pericarp effective as antibiofilm E.faecalis bacteria at a concentration of 12.5%. Conclusion:The study showed that flavonoids from mangosteen pericarp has antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis bacterial biofilm.

Download Full-text

Force and vibration analysis in biomechanical preparation of root canals using reciprocating endodontic file system: In vitro study

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1177/09544119211044236 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095441192110442

Author(s):

Vinod Singh Thakur ◽

Pavan Kumar Kankar ◽

Anand Parey ◽

Arpit Jain ◽

Prashant Kumar Jain

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Vibration Analysis ◽

File System ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Root Canal Preparation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Improper Use ◽

Four Levels ◽

Root Canal Instrumentation

The shaping and cleaning of the root canal are very important in root canal treatment. The excessive force and vibration during biomechanical preparation of the root canal may result in failure of the endodontic file. In this study, force and vibration analysis was carried out during root canal preparation. The samples of human extracted (premolar) teeth were provided by the College of Dental Science and Hospital. Endodontic instruments for reciprocating motion, such as the WaveOne Gold file system, had been used for root canal preparation. Force and vibration signals were recorded by dynamometer and accelerometer, respectively. The acquired signals were denoised using the db4 (SWT denoising 1-D) wavelet. Four levels of decomposition were carried out for each signal. The signal denoising technique was used to remove unwanted noise from the acquired signal. FESEM analysis was used to visualize the levels of severity of endodontic files during the cleaning and shaping of the root canal. In most of the cases, the failure occurred due to the improper use of the root canal instrumentation. The optimum amount of force was used to avoid the file failure and provided the proper instrumentation. The curve fitting regression model was used to find the interdependency between force and vibration.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of hand and Mtwo™ instruments in preparing oval-shaped root canals: in vitro study

Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia - UPF ◽

10.5335/rfo.v21i2.5322 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Fernanda Diederichs Coutinho ◽

Renata Dornelles Morgental ◽

Simone Bonato Luisi ◽

Fabiana Vieira Vier-Pelisser ◽

Patricia Maria Poli Kopper

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Root Apex ◽

Conventional Technique ◽

Basic Sequence ◽

Preparation Technique ◽

Root Canals ◽

Canal Area ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: This study evaluated through stereomicroscopy the effectiveness of hand and rotary instrumentation techniques, either isolated or combined, in the preparation of oval-shaped root canals. Materials and method: Thirty single-rooted human mandibular incisors were selected. After endodontic access and coronal preflaring, teeth were mounted in a modified Bramante muffle and then sectioned transversely at 3 and 6 mm from the root apex. Images of each section were made under a stereomicroscope at 30× magnification. Teeth were reassembled in the muffle and divided into three groups (n=10) according to the root canal preparation technique: GI - rotary preparation with Mtwo™ basic sequence (10/.04; 15/.05; 20/.06; 25/.06), followed by Mtwo™ complementary instruments (30/.05; 35/.04; 40/.04); GII - rotary preparation with Mtwo™ basic sequence, complemented by hand instruments (#30, #35 and #40); GIII - hand instrumentation using the conventional technique (#10 to #40). All instruments were used in brushing motion. The muffles were separated again so that new images of each section could be obtained. The following parameters were evaluated in pre- and postoperative images: root canal area; perimeter; mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) diameters; and mesial (M) and distal (D) wall thickness. Next, the values measured in post- and preoperative images were subtracted forcomparison of experimental groups. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=0.05). Results: No significant difference between groups was observed for all parameters. Conclusion: There was no difference among hand, rotary, or combined instrumentation; all techniques were able to increase root canal area, perimeter, and diameter in MD and BL directions. Moreover, the amount of dentin wearon proximal root canal walls was similar for all tested groups.

Download Full-text

Safety Irradiation Parameters of Nd:YAP Laser Beam for Endodontic Treatments: An In Vitro Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/4741516 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Namour ◽

S. Geerts ◽

T. Zeinoun ◽

R. De Moor ◽

S. Nammour

Keyword(s):

Laser Beam ◽

Average Energy ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Threshold Level ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Root Canals ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Root Surfaces ◽

Safety Range

Objective. Nd:YAP laser has several potentialities of clinical applications in endodontics. The aim of our study is to determine the safety range of irradiation parameters during endodontic application of Nd:YAP laser that can be used without damaging and overheating the periodontal tissue.Material and Methods. Twenty-seven caries-free single-rooted extracted human teeth were used. Crowns were sectioned to obtain 11 mm root canal length. Temperature increases at root surfaces were measured by a thermocouple during Nd:YAP laser irradiation of root canals at different energy densities. Canal irradiation was accomplished with a circular and retrograde movement from the apex until the cervical part of the canal during 10 seconds with an axial speed of 1 mm/s. Each irradiation was done in a canal irrigated continuously with 2.25% NaOCl solution.Results. Periodontal temperature increase depends on the value of energy density. Means and standard deviations of temperature increases at root surfaces were below 10°C (safe threshold level) when the average energy densities delivered per second were equal to or below 4981 J/cm2and 9554 J/cm2, respectively, for irradiations using a fiber diameter of 320 μm and 200 μm.Conclusions. Within the limitations of this study and under specific irradiation conditions, Nd:YAP laser beam may be considered harmless for periodontal tissues during endodontic applications.

Download Full-text

[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402007000400003 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 289-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Orlando Limongi ◽

Diana Santana de Albuquerque ◽

Flares Baratto Filho ◽

José Roberto Vanni ◽

Elias P. Motcy de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Multislice Ct ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Ct Scanner ◽

Root Canals ◽

Group I ◽

Working Length ◽

Root Dentin ◽

Dentin Thickness

This in vitro study compared, using computed tomography (CT), the amount of dentin removed from root canal walls by manual and mechanical rotary instrumentation techniques. Forty mandibular incisors with dental crown and a single canal were selected. The teeth were randomly assigned to two groups, according to the technique used for root canal preparation: Group I - manual instrumentation with stainless steel files; Group II - mechanical instrumentation with RaCe rotary nickel-titanium instruments. In each tooth, root dentin thickness of the buccal, lingual, mesial and distal surfaces in the apical, middle and cervical thirds of the canal was measured (in mm) using a multislice CT scanner (Siemens Emotion, Duo). Data were stored in the SPSS v. 11.5 and SigmaPlot 2001 v. 7.101 softwares. After crown opening, working length was determined, root canals were instrumented and new CT scans were taken for assessment of root dentin thickness. Pre- and post-instrumentation data were compared and analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test for significant differences (p=0.05). Based on the findings of this study, it may be concluded that regarding dentin removal from root canal walls during instrumentation, neither of the techniques can be considered more effective than the other.

Download Full-text

Effect of Calcium Hydroxide as a Root Canal Dressing Material on Dentin Fracture Strength In Primary Teeth–In Vitro Study

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4628-42.2.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 146-149

Author(s):

Fadi Said ◽

Moti Moskovitz

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Fracture Strength ◽

Root Canal ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Root Canals ◽

Anterior Teeth

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing material on dentin microtensile fracture strength in human primary teeth in vitro. Study design: Thirty primary anterior teeth with root canals packed with calcium hydroxide were divided into groups of ten and immersed in saline at room temperature for 7, 30 and 90 days. Ten teeth with root canals filled with sterile saline were the control group. Microtensile fracture strength was measured in Mechanical tester Lloyd testing machine. Results: There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the fracture strength of the calcium hydroxide-filled teeth after 90 days (19.1 MPa) compared with the control (35.8 MPa). Dentin microtensile fracture strength of the calcium hydroxide-filled teeth decreased at an average of 0.142 MPa per day. Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide placed in root canals for an extended time had a significantly negative effect on root strength. Long-term success of root canal treatment in primary anterior teeth is estimated as 65% with most of the failures result from trauma recurrence. Clinical Relevance: Our results stress the need to evaluate the pros and cons of root canal treatment compared to extractions of non-vital primary incisors.

Download Full-text