Anti-Bacterial Effects of Essential Oils against Uropathogenic Bacteria

Given the increasing antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections (UTI), alternative strategies need to be investigated. Determination of minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of essential oils from cajeput, lemongrass, tea tree, and thyme in artificial urine, revealed bactericidal activity of all four tested essential oils against seven uropathogenic species with values ranging between 0.78–50 mg/mL. Tea tree and thyme essential oils were more efficient than lemongrass and cajeput. In addition, antibiotic-resistant strains showed similar susceptibility as antibiotic-sensitive strains, suggesting no cross-resistance between antibiotics and these essential oils. Checkerboard assays revealed a synergistic activity of the combination of thyme and tea tree. Furthermore, the combination with thyme and tea tree essential oils increased the activity of fosfomycin and pivmecillinam, but not nitrofurantoin, against Escherichia coli. This study provides a basis for further investigation of the potential of thyme and tea tree oil as an alternative or additional treatment of UTI.

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Biocide Activity against Urinary Catheter Pathogens

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01106-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 1192-1194 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sladjana Malic ◽

Rachael P. C. Jordan ◽

Mark G. J. Waters ◽

David J. Stickler ◽

David W. Williams

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Urinary Catheter ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Tea Tree Oil ◽

Planktonic Cells ◽

Antimicrobial Effects ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Catheter Infection ◽

Artificial Urine

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial effects of essential oils against bacteria associated with urinary catheter infection was assessed. Tests were performed on 14 different bacterial species cultured either planktonically or as biofilms. Biofilms were found to be up to 8-fold more tolerant of the test agents. Higher antimicrobial tolerance was also evident in tests conducted in artificial urine. Eugenol exhibited higher antimicrobial effects against both planktonic cells and biofilms than did terpinen, tea tree oil, and cineole.

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Incidence and Diversity of Antimicrobial Multidrug Resistance Profiles of Uropathogenic Bacteria

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/354084 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Inês Linhares ◽

Teresa Raposo ◽

António Rodrigues ◽

Adelaide Almeida

Keyword(s):

Standard Treatment ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Empirical Therapy ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Resistance Determinants ◽

Standard Treatment Guidelines ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Uropathogenic Bacteria ◽

High Diversity

The aim of this study was to assess the most frequent multidrug resistant (MDR) profiles of the main bacteria implicated in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI). Only the MDR profiles observed in, at least, 5% of the MDR isolates were considered. A quarter of the bacteria were MDR and the most common MDR profile, including resistance to penicillins, quinolones, and sulfonamides (antibiotics with different mechanisms of action, all mainly recommended by the European Association of Urology for empirical therapy of uncomplicated UTI), was observed, alone or in association with resistance to other antimicrobial classes, in the main bacteria implicated in UTI. The penicillin class was included in all the frequent MDR profiles observed in the ten main bacteria and was the antibiotic with the highest prescription during the study period. The sulfonamides class, included in five of the six more frequent MDR profiles, was avoided between 2000 and 2009. The results suggest that the high MDR percentage and the high diversity of MDR profiles result from a high prescription of antibiotics but also from antibiotic-resistant genes transmitted with other resistance determinants on mobile genetic elements and that the UTI standard treatment guidelines must be adjusted for the community of Aveiro District.

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Microbiological efficiency of the combinations of two carbapenems against antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains

Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics ◽

10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-5-304-309 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 304-309

Author(s):

D. V. Tapalski ◽

E. V. Timoshkova ◽

T. A. Petrovskaya ◽

O. V. Osipkina ◽

I. A. Karpov

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Dosage Regimens ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Phosphoethanolamine Transferases

Combined antibiotic therapy is widely used for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. The objective of this work was to identify the synergistic activity of combinations of two carbapenems against multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains producing various types of carbapenemases. For 60 antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae strains isolated in 8 cities of Belarus, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of colistin and carbapenems were determined by subsequent broth microdilution method, and the genes of carbapenemases and phosphoethanolamine transferases were detected. The checkerboard method was used to determine the sensitivity to the combination of ertapenem and doripenem. High MIC values of carbapenems were revealed for NDM carbapenemase-producing strains (MIC50 of meropenem 64 mg/L, MIC50 of doripenem 64 mg/L). Doripenem was more active; MIC of doripenem ≤ 16 mg/L (low level of resistance) was determined in 28 (46.7%) strains, MIC of meropenem ≤ 16 mg/L - in 8 (13.3% of strains). The effect of potentiating the activity of doripenem with ertapenem at a fixed pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic concentration was observed for 20.0% of the strains producing KPC carbapenemase and 29.0% of the strains producing OXA-48 carbapenemase. The potentiating effect was independent of the presence of colistin resistance. Thus, the ability of ertapenem to potentiate the antimicrobial activity of doripenem and meropenem against some of the strains producing serine carbapenemases (KPC and OXA-48) was confirmed. The necessity of routine determination of the true MIC values of carbapenems was shown to optimize their dosage regimens and select the combination antibiotic therapy regimens.

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Synergistic Activity of New Diclofenac and Essential Oils Combinations against Different Candida spp.

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060688 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 688

Author(s):

Antonio Rosato ◽

Elisabetta Altini ◽

Sabina Sblano ◽

Lara Salvagno ◽

Filippo Maggi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Pelargonium Graveolens ◽

Mentha X Piperita ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Antimicrobial And Antifungal Activity

According to recent studies, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have shown a good antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Their association with essential oils (EOs) could be useful for the treatment of infections caused by Candida spp. The aim of this studyis to evaluate the synergistic antifungal activity of new combinations between Diclofenac Sodium Salt (DSS), a widely used NSAID, with EOs of Mentha x piperita, Pelargonium graveolens and Melaleuca alternifolia. The in-vitroantifungal activity was determined on different Candida strains. The determination of the chemical composition of EOs was carried out by gaschromatography-massspectrometry (GC-MS). Susceptibility testing of planktonic cells was performed by using the broth microdilution assay and checkerboard methods. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of DSS was in a range from 1.02 to 2.05 mg/mL reaching a MIC value of 0.05 mg/mL when combined with Pelargonium graveolens (FICI= 0.23–0.35) or Menthapiperita (FICI= 0.22–0.30) EOs. These preliminary results show thatthe combination of the EOs with DSS improves the antifungal activity on all the tested Candida strains.

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Evaluation of Fungistatic Activity of Eight Selected Essential Oils on Four Heterogeneous Fusarium Isolates Obtained from Cereal Grains in Southern Poland

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25020292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 292 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka ◽

Sławomir Sokół ◽

Anna Piekarska-Stachowiak

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ionization Time ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Fungistatic Activity ◽

Litsea Cubeba ◽

Synthetic Pesticide ◽

The Relationship

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the chemical composition of eight commercial essential oils (EsO) (garlic, grapefruit, lemon grass, tea tree, thyme, verbena, cajeput, and Litsea cubeba) and their fungistatic activity in relation to four species of Fusarium: F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. oxysporum. The species identification of Fusarium isolates was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. The determination of qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of the EsO was carried out using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. The fungistatic activity of EsO was assessed by using the method of poisoned substrates. The data were compiled in the STATISTICA 13.0 program. The chemical composition of the tested oils varied; the dominant fraction, except for grapefruit and garlic oils, were monoterpenoids. The greatest similarity to the action of the synthetic pesticide Funaben T was found in four oils, i.e., thyme, lemongrass, verbena, and Litsea cubeba. The studies showed that F. oxysporum and F. avenaceum were characterized by a higher resistance to low oil concentrations, and F. culmorum and F. graminearum by sensitivity. The fungicidal activity of two EsO-dominant monoterpenoids-thymol and citral—has been confirmed.

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Biofilm production as a virulence factor in Uropathogenic bacteria and yeasts

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2013.7.1.238 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34

Author(s):

Raghada S. Makia ◽

Ayad M.A. Fadhil ◽

Munera Ch. Ismail

Keyword(s):

Test Tube ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Pseudomonas Spp ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Uropathogenic Bacteria

This study includes isolation and identification of different uropathogenes (bacteria- yeasts) collected from catheterized patients suffering from complicated urinary tract infections. Three hundred and fifty urine samples obtained by swabs from catheterized patients were identified for the presence of uropathogenes (bacteria and yeast). 221(63.13%) samples were obtained from females and 118 (33.71%) samples from male, 339(96.85%) sample were identified by culturing as a positive result, while 11(3.14%) sample were negative result. The 339 positive isolates include 303 (89.38%) bacterial isolates and 36 (10.61%) yeast isolates. Results of biochemical tests and Api 20 system for bacterial and yeast isolates reveals E.coli, Proteus spp, Klebseilla spp, Pseudomonas spp and Candida spp represented the main causative uropathogen infect urinary system and causing a complicated type of infection. The determination of bacterial and yeasts ability to form biofilm was carried out using test tube method , 306 isolates which represented (90.26%) were capable to form biofilm with differ in the thickness of formed layer. Pseudomonas spp formed the thicker biofilm followed by E.coli, Candida spp, Proteus spp, and Klebseilla spp.

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Determination of toxicity indicators and assessment of the sensibilizing action of the preparation for the external use ‘Ointment for wounds’

Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety ◽

10.36016/jvmbbs-2019-5-3-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

R. M. Sachuk

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Repeated Administration ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Hazard Class ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Buccal Mucous Membrane ◽

Sensitizing Effect

The purpose of the work is a determination of toxicity and sensitizing effects of a new external preparation ‘Ointment for wounds’, based on the essential oils of Siberian pine, eucalypt, tea-tree, cedar, clove, and oil solution of chlorophyllite. The experimental study was performed on rats weighing 160–190 g, 2–3 months of age and mice weighing 18–21 g, 3 months of age. At the stages of preclinical study, it was determined acute and subacute effects of the drug, when administrated on the skin and directly into the stomach of experimental animals. The skin-irritant effect of the phytopreparation was investigated when applied to the skin and buccal mucous membrane. The sensitizing effect of the ointment was evaluated by reproducing local reactions. The acute toxicity assessment was performed on the survival rate of laboratory animals after oral administration of the preparation at doses from 5,000 to 25,000 mg/kg of body weight, with 5,000 units increments. Subacute toxicity in the experiment was evaluated by the dynamics of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood and the study of the coefficients of laboratory animals’ internal organs mass. It was found that the introduction of the drug ‘Ointment for wounds’ in the stomach did not cause significant changes in the behavior of rats, all animals remained alive. Studies have shown the absence of skin-irritant effect of the preparation, as well as the absence of irritant effect on the buccal mucous membrane. Even in a long-term experiment to study subacute toxicity when applied to the skin, no toxic effects of the preparation on the basis of essential oils and oil solution chlorophyllite of were found. The index sensitizing effect of the preparation was less than one, indicating the absence of sensitizing effect. According to the classification of substances by toxicity and danger (requirements of SOU 85.2-37-736:2011 and GOST 12.1.007-76) belong to hazard class IV. In general, ‘Ointment for wounds’ does not have a toxic effect on the functions of vital organs, and at repeated administration is almost harmless

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Antifungal Effect of Selected Essential Oils on Malassezia pachydermatis Growth

Folia Veterinaria ◽

10.2478/fv-2018-0018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

P. Váczi ◽

E. Čonková ◽

D. Marcinčáková ◽

Z. Sihelská

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Malassezia Pachydermatis ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Significant Efficacy ◽

Interpretation Criterion ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Ear Canals

Abstract The antifungal activities of 14 selected essential oils (at the concentrations of 0.5 %, 5 %, and 30 %) against the yeast Malassezia pachydermatis (18 isolates and one reference strain) were investigated. The isolates of M. pachydermatis were obtained from swabs of external ear canals of healthy dogs using sterile swabs. The determination of the efficacy was based on a modified disc diffusion method (CLSI M44-A2). The best antifungal efficacy (100 %) was shown by clove, cinnamon and oregano at the concentration of 30 %; less significant efficacy was shown at the concentration of 5 % (38 %, 33 % and 5 %, respectively). Satureja inhibited the growth of Malassezia (efficacy of 16 %) only at the concentration of 30 %. Bergamot, lavender, juniper, cedar, sage, tea-tree, grapefruit, pine, chamomile and yarrow essential oils were not able to form inhibition zones as defined in the methodology used (greater or equal to 15 mm) in all concentrations used. Therefore, according to the interpretation criterion, they were considered ineffective. In all cases, the concentration of 0.5 % was not effective against the growth of Malassezia yeasts.

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