scholarly journals Determination of toxicity indicators and assessment of the sensibilizing action of the preparation for the external use ‘Ointment for wounds’

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
R. M. Sachuk
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Buccal Mucous Membrane ◽  
Sensitizing Effect

The purpose of the work is a determination of toxicity and sensitizing effects of a new external preparation ‘Ointment for wounds’, based on the essential oils of Siberian pine, eucalypt, tea-tree, cedar, clove, and oil solution of chlorophyllite. The experimental study was performed on rats weighing 160–190 g, 2–3 months of age and mice weighing 18–21 g, 3 months of age. At the stages of preclinical study, it was determined acute and subacute effects of the drug, when administrated on the skin and directly into the stomach of experimental animals. The skin-irritant effect of the phytopreparation was investigated when applied to the skin and buccal mucous membrane. The sensitizing effect of the ointment was evaluated by reproducing local reactions. The acute toxicity assessment was performed on the survival rate of laboratory animals after oral administration of the preparation at doses from 5,000 to 25,000 mg/kg of body weight, with 5,000 units increments. Subacute toxicity in the experiment was evaluated by the dynamics of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood and the study of the coefficients of laboratory animals’ internal organs mass. It was found that the introduction of the drug ‘Ointment for wounds’ in the stomach did not cause significant changes in the behavior of rats, all animals remained alive. Studies have shown the absence of skin-irritant effect of the preparation, as well as the absence of irritant effect on the buccal mucous membrane. Even in a long-term experiment to study subacute toxicity when applied to the skin, no toxic effects of the preparation on the basis of essential oils and oil solution chlorophyllite of were found. The index sensitizing effect of the preparation was less than one, indicating the absence of sensitizing effect. According to the classification of substances by toxicity and danger (requirements of SOU 85.2-37-736:2011 and GOST 12.1.007-76) belong to hazard class IV. In general, ‘Ointment for wounds’ does not have a toxic effect on the functions of vital organs, and at repeated administration is almost harmless

scholarly journals Anti-Bacterial Effects of Essential Oils against Uropathogenic Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Maria Loose ◽  
Emmelie Pilger ◽  
Florian Wagenlehner
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Artificial Urine ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Uropathogenic Bacteria

Given the increasing antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections (UTI), alternative strategies need to be investigated. Determination of minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of essential oils from cajeput, lemongrass, tea tree, and thyme in artificial urine, revealed bactericidal activity of all four tested essential oils against seven uropathogenic species with values ranging between 0.78–50 mg/mL. Tea tree and thyme essential oils were more efficient than lemongrass and cajeput. In addition, antibiotic-resistant strains showed similar susceptibility as antibiotic-sensitive strains, suggesting no cross-resistance between antibiotics and these essential oils. Checkerboard assays revealed a synergistic activity of the combination of thyme and tea tree. Furthermore, the combination with thyme and tea tree essential oils increased the activity of fosfomycin and pivmecillinam, but not nitrofurantoin, against Escherichia coli. This study provides a basis for further investigation of the potential of thyme and tea tree oil as an alternative or additional treatment of UTI.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fungistatic Activity of Eight Selected Essential Oils on Four Heterogeneous Fusarium Isolates Obtained from Cereal Grains in Southern Poland

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka ◽  
Sławomir Sokół ◽  
Anna Piekarska-Stachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Synthetic Pesticide ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the chemical composition of eight commercial essential oils (EsO) (garlic, grapefruit, lemon grass, tea tree, thyme, verbena, cajeput, and Litsea cubeba) and their fungistatic activity in relation to four species of Fusarium: F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. oxysporum. The species identification of Fusarium isolates was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. The determination of qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of the EsO was carried out using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. The fungistatic activity of EsO was assessed by using the method of poisoned substrates. The data were compiled in the STATISTICA 13.0 program. The chemical composition of the tested oils varied; the dominant fraction, except for grapefruit and garlic oils, were monoterpenoids. The greatest similarity to the action of the synthetic pesticide Funaben T was found in four oils, i.e., thyme, lemongrass, verbena, and Litsea cubeba. The studies showed that F. oxysporum and F. avenaceum were characterized by a higher resistance to low oil concentrations, and F. culmorum and F. graminearum by sensitivity. The fungicidal activity of two EsO-dominant monoterpenoids-thymol and citral—has been confirmed.

STUDY OF THE NEW FERTILIZER TOXICITY

2017 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
A. V. Istomin ◽  
L. A. Rumyantseva ◽  
O. V. Vetrova ◽  
I. G. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Sensitizing Effect ◽  
Complex Liquid

The article is devoted to the study of toxic effect of a new complex liquid mineral fertilizer «Agromineral» on the organism of laboratory animals. Results of sanitary and toxicological studies on assessment of toxicity and hazard of the agrochemical were analyzed ; based on investigation results, parameters of acute and subacute toxicity are established; irritating effects on skin and mucous membranes, cumulative effect, sensitizing effect were studied.

scholarly journals Antifungal Effect of Selected Essential Oils on Malassezia pachydermatis Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
P. Váczi ◽  
E. Čonková ◽  
D. Marcinčáková ◽  
Z. Sihelská
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Malassezia Pachydermatis ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Interpretation Criterion ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Ear Canals

Abstract The antifungal activities of 14 selected essential oils (at the concentrations of 0.5 %, 5 %, and 30 %) against the yeast Malassezia pachydermatis (18 isolates and one reference strain) were investigated. The isolates of M. pachydermatis were obtained from swabs of external ear canals of healthy dogs using sterile swabs. The determination of the efficacy was based on a modified disc diffusion method (CLSI M44-A2). The best antifungal efficacy (100 %) was shown by clove, cinnamon and oregano at the concentration of 30 %; less significant efficacy was shown at the concentration of 5 % (38 %, 33 % and 5 %, respectively). Satureja inhibited the growth of Malassezia (efficacy of 16 %) only at the concentration of 30 %. Bergamot, lavender, juniper, cedar, sage, tea-tree, grapefruit, pine, chamomile and yarrow essential oils were not able to form inhibition zones as defined in the methodology used (greater or equal to 15 mm) in all concentrations used. Therefore, according to the interpretation criterion, they were considered ineffective. In all cases, the concentration of 0.5 % was not effective against the growth of Malassezia yeasts.

scholarly journals Toxicological Evaluation of the Complex Insectoacaricidal Preparation "Neoterika Protecto 12"

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
E.N. Indyuhova ◽  
M.V. Arisov ◽  
G.B. Arisova ◽  
I.A. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Cutaneous Toxicity ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Active Substances

The purpose of the research: toxicological evaluation of a medicinal product for veterinary use "Neoterica Protecto 12" on laboratory animals. Materials and methods. White outbred rats, mice and guinea pigs were used in the experiment. In the study of acute oral toxicity in mice and rats, acute cutaneous toxicity, subacute toxicity, irritant action of an aqueous suspension of a combination of active substances, allergenic properties of the collar «Neoterika Protecto 12» conventional methods were used. Results and discussion. The median lethal doses LD50 for oral supplementation to white mice (1070 mg/kg) and oral supplementation to white rats (3210 mg/kg) were diagnosed, which allowed to designate the preparation to the 3rd hazard class (moderately hazardous substances). In the study of acute cutaneous toxicity on white rats LD50 amounted to more than 10 000 mg/kg, therefore, according to the generally accepted hygienic classification, the preparation belongs to the 4th hazard class during cutaneous application. In the study of subacute toxicity of the medication on rats for 6 months after application of the aqueous suspension of the combination of active ingredients in doses of 1000, 500 and 200 mg/kg, no changes in general state and behavior were observed in animals. When an aqueous suspension of a combination of active substances of the collar was applied to the skin of rats, there were no signs of irritant effect, but a mild effect on the mucous membrane of the guinea pig's eyes was recorded. It was found that the preparation does not have allergic and sensitizing effects.

scholarly journals SETTING OF PARAMETERS OF ACUTE AND SUBACUTE TOXICITY OF THE POWDER BASED ON IODOFORM

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Kotsyumbas ◽  
I. P. Patereha ◽  
V. I. Kushnir ◽  
S. Yа. Martynyk ◽  
M. I. Zhyla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Harmful Effects

The article presents the results of establishing the parameters of acute and subacute toxicity of the powder based on iodoform. Determination of acute toxicity parameters of the drug "Iodomin" were performed on 30 white mice 2-3 months of age, weighing 20-23 g and 30 white rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 170-190 g. The drug was administered intragastrically, once, pre-dissolved in water. As a result of studies to determine acute toxicity by oral administration, it was found that, after administration of the drug in doses of 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/kg, all animals remained alive. No changes in the clinical condition of the animals of the experimental groups were observed. The DL50 of ''Iodomin" powder is more than 5000 mg/kg. In conducted studies did not reveal the death of animals, respectively, the tested drug belongs to the IV class of toxicity (low toxicity). Studies on the determination of acute dermal toxicity of Iodomine were performed in accordance with the requirements of OECD № 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity: Fixed Dose Procedure, 2017). Studies have shown that skin application of powder "Iodomin" at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight did not cause death, appearance of toxic effects. According to GHS the drug belongs to the 5th category. In the study of subacute toxicity, the drug was administered intragastrically, daily, pre-dissolved in water. On the 4th day of the experiment, in two experimental groups was a significant decrease in heart weight, which may be associated with functional load, and in group 2 (5-fold from therapeutic dose), along with that was a significant increase in liver mass, decreased concentration hemoglobin in the erythrocyte, creatinine in the blood, increased ALT activity. To determine the harmful effects of Iodomin powder on the mucous membrane of the eye were used 3 rabbits, to which the drug was administered in the amount of 2 drops in the conjunctival sac of the left eye. The harmful effect of the tested substance on the mucous membrane of the eyes was assessed by the appearance of hyperemia, edema and secretions according to the scoring system. When applying the suspension on the mucous membrane of the eye, it was found out, that after 24-48 hours the drug does not cause irritation. Also was found that the studied agent does not cause hyperemia, edema and changes in blood vessels. It's established that the powder "Iodomin" does not cause harmful effects on the mucous membranes of the eye.

Determination of acute toxicity of Tiacyclin solution for injection in laboratory animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 331 (8) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
N.Y. Morozov ◽  
◽  
S.I. Tchukina ◽  
E.I. Koveshnikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Laboratory Animals

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE OF “BIOSOLBI” DRUG

1970 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
E. K. Rakhmatullin ◽  
O. D. Sklyarov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Purebred Dogs

The article presents the results of a study of the "Bisolbi" drug toxicity (powder of light ash color, poorly soluble in water). When it is mixed with water it forms a suspension of particles that settle rapidly. Values of acute drug toxicity were determined on rats. We studied groups of six animals of the same sex, as well as similar control ones. The "Bisolbi" drug was injected to white rats intragastrically, males weighing 310 ... 320 g in doses of 2500 and 2740 mg / kg. Each dose was used in six animals; distilled water (3 ml) was used for the controls. The LD50 was calculated by the probit analysis method proposed by Litchfield and Wilcoxon modified by Z. Roth. When administered orally, an atraumatic metal probe was immersed in the stomach. Within 14 days monitored the overall health status and behavior of animals, the manifestation or absence of symptoms of intoxication; noted the features of feed and water ingestion, assessed the condition of the coat, physiological functions. Then groups of experimental rats were euthanized and pathomorphologically examined. We studied the effect of "Bisolbi" with repeated introduction and on not purebred dogs. Two groups of 3-4 years of age were completed with an average initial body weight of 13.63 ... 15.11 kg. Before use, the additive was thoroughly mixed with feed. The drug was injected during 31 days at a dose of 0.5 g / kg. Dogs of the control group (three) were fed wheat flour. After 15 and 31 days in laboratory animals in order to characterize the general condition in the blood, the amount of protein, urea, glucose, creatinine, cholesterol were determined. Based on studies it was found that the drug daily application by animals, is low toxic and safe, does not provoke the development of pathological reactions. According to the Hodge and Sterner classification "Bisolbi" can be attributed to the 6th class of toxicity - relatively harmless. Accordingto GOST 12.1.007-76 LD50 of the drug is more than 151 mg / kg, but less than 5000 mg / kg it is the 3rd hazard class (moderately hazardous).

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