Antifungal Effect of Selected Essential Oils on Malassezia pachydermatis Growth

Abstract The antifungal activities of 14 selected essential oils (at the concentrations of 0.5 %, 5 %, and 30 %) against the yeast Malassezia pachydermatis (18 isolates and one reference strain) were investigated. The isolates of M. pachydermatis were obtained from swabs of external ear canals of healthy dogs using sterile swabs. The determination of the efficacy was based on a modified disc diffusion method (CLSI M44-A2). The best antifungal efficacy (100 %) was shown by clove, cinnamon and oregano at the concentration of 30 %; less significant efficacy was shown at the concentration of 5 % (38 %, 33 % and 5 %, respectively). Satureja inhibited the growth of Malassezia (efficacy of 16 %) only at the concentration of 30 %. Bergamot, lavender, juniper, cedar, sage, tea-tree, grapefruit, pine, chamomile and yarrow essential oils were not able to form inhibition zones as defined in the methodology used (greater or equal to 15 mm) in all concentrations used. Therefore, according to the interpretation criterion, they were considered ineffective. In all cases, the concentration of 0.5 % was not effective against the growth of Malassezia yeasts.

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In Vitro Efficacy of Essential Oils from Melaleuca Alternifolia and Rosmarinus Officinalis, Manuka Honey-based Gel, and Propolis as Antibacterial Agents Against Canine Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius Strains

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9060344 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 344

Author(s):

Gabriele Meroni ◽

Elena Cardin ◽

Charlotte Rendina ◽

Valentina Rafaela Herrera Millar ◽

Joel Fernando Soares Filipe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽

Tea Tree

Essential oils (EOs) and honeybee products (e.g., honey and propolis) are natural mixtures of different volatile compounds that are frequently used in traditional medicine and for pathogen eradication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) EO (TTEO), Rosmarinus officinalis EO (ROEO), manuka-based gel, and propolis against 23 strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) isolated from canine pyoderma. Antimicrobial resistance screening was assessed using a panel of nine antimicrobial agents coupled with a PCR approach. An aromatogram was done for both EOs, using the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for all the compounds. Among the 23 SP strains, 14 (60.9%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), 11 strains (47.8%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSP), and 9 (39.1%) were non-MDR. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone for Melaleuca and Rosmarinus were 24.5 ± 8.8 mm and 15.2 ± 8.9 mm, respectively, resulting as statistically different (p = 0.0006). MIC values of TTEO and ROEO were similar (7.6 ± 3.2% and 8.9 ± 2.1%, respectively) and no statistical significances were found. Honeybee products showed lower MIC compared to those of EOs, 0.22 ± 0.1% for Manuka and 0.8 ± 0.5% for propolis. These findings reveal a significant antibacterial effect for all the tested products.

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Anti-Bacterial Effects of Essential Oils against Uropathogenic Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9060358 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 358

Author(s):

Maria Loose ◽

Emmelie Pilger ◽

Florian Wagenlehner

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Artificial Urine ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Uropathogenic Bacteria

Given the increasing antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections (UTI), alternative strategies need to be investigated. Determination of minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of essential oils from cajeput, lemongrass, tea tree, and thyme in artificial urine, revealed bactericidal activity of all four tested essential oils against seven uropathogenic species with values ranging between 0.78–50 mg/mL. Tea tree and thyme essential oils were more efficient than lemongrass and cajeput. In addition, antibiotic-resistant strains showed similar susceptibility as antibiotic-sensitive strains, suggesting no cross-resistance between antibiotics and these essential oils. Checkerboard assays revealed a synergistic activity of the combination of thyme and tea tree. Furthermore, the combination with thyme and tea tree essential oils increased the activity of fosfomycin and pivmecillinam, but not nitrofurantoin, against Escherichia coli. This study provides a basis for further investigation of the potential of thyme and tea tree oil as an alternative or additional treatment of UTI.

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Association of Malassezia pachydermatis with the otitic and the normal ear canal of the dogs

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.15216 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

E. BOURTZI-HATZOPOULOU (Ε. ΜΠΟΥΡΤΖΗ-ΧΑΤΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) ◽

E. PETRIDOU (Ε. ΠΕΤΡΙΔΟΥ) ◽

V. PSYHOYOS (B. ΨΥΧΟΓΙΟΣ)

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Agents ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Malassezia Pachydermatis ◽

Selective Media ◽

Direct Microscopic Examination ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Ear Canals ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of M. pachydermatis in otitic and healthy ear canals of the dogs and to test the sensitivity of this microorganism to antifungal agents. A total of 180 swabs, 98 from otitic and 82 from clinically healthy dogs, were collected during the years 1998-2000 in Thessaloniki area (Greece). From all the swabs, smears for direct microscopic examination and inoculation on selective media for bacteria and fungi isolation were made. From the 90 M. pachydermatis isolates, 68 (69,38%) were made from infected and 32 (39,02%) from clinically healthy dogs. M. pachydermatiswas the sole isolate in 20 (20,39%) infected and in 12 (14,63%) non infected dogs. In 48 otitic and in 20 clinically healthy dogs, M. pachydermatis was associated with bacteria as Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp. and Streptococcus spp. and fungi as Candida spp. ana Aspergillus spp.. S. intermediuswas isolated from 13 infected and 20 non infected animals. A mixed bacterial flora was grown from 6 infected and 22 clinically healthy animals, respectively, while no growth of microorganisms from 11 otitic and 8 healthy dogs was observed. All Malassezia tested strains (46) were found sensitive to ketoconazole, econazole, miconazole and clotrimazole. Nystatin was found effective to 38 isolates and noneffective to 8.

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THE EFFICACY OF COMBINED APPLICATION OF EDIBLE COATINGS AND ESSENTIAL OI IN MANGO PRESERVATION

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/56/4/10794 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 458

Author(s):

My Dong Lieu ◽

Nguyen Nhat Ha Ngo ◽

Thuy Linh Lieu ◽

Kim Thach Nguyen ◽

Thi Kim Thuy Dang

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Citronella Oil ◽

Combined Application ◽

Lemongrass Oil ◽

High Concentrations

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of lemongrass oil (Cympopogon citratus), citronella oil (Cymbopogon winterianus) and cajeput oil (Melaleuca leucadendron) on Aspergillus niger by agar diffusion method. The selected oil was combined with the edible film (chitosan 1% w/v or alginate 1% w/v) and applied to preserve Cat Chu mango (infected by A. niger at105 spore/ml) in 14 days at 30oC. The result showed that essential oils against Aspergillus niger significantly in which lemongrass oil was the most effective inhibitor with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 10 μl/mL as compared to MIC of java lemongrass and Melaleuca alternifolia, was 20 μl / mL. The result of the mango preservation showed that, all of the control samples were completely decayed after 10 days of storage while the shelf life of the coated samples was longer than 10 days. The essential oils at high concentrations (10-20 μl / ml) have a negative impact on mango preservation, made fruits bruised on the surface and rapidly decay. The also indicated that, alginate (1% w/v) combines with lemongrass oil (5 μl/mL) maintained the antifungal effect after 14 days of preservation

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Evaluation of Fungistatic Activity of Eight Selected Essential Oils on Four Heterogeneous Fusarium Isolates Obtained from Cereal Grains in Southern Poland

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25020292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 292 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka ◽

Sławomir Sokół ◽

Anna Piekarska-Stachowiak

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ionization Time ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Fungistatic Activity ◽

Litsea Cubeba ◽

Synthetic Pesticide ◽

The Relationship

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the chemical composition of eight commercial essential oils (EsO) (garlic, grapefruit, lemon grass, tea tree, thyme, verbena, cajeput, and Litsea cubeba) and their fungistatic activity in relation to four species of Fusarium: F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. oxysporum. The species identification of Fusarium isolates was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. The determination of qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of the EsO was carried out using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. The fungistatic activity of EsO was assessed by using the method of poisoned substrates. The data were compiled in the STATISTICA 13.0 program. The chemical composition of the tested oils varied; the dominant fraction, except for grapefruit and garlic oils, were monoterpenoids. The greatest similarity to the action of the synthetic pesticide Funaben T was found in four oils, i.e., thyme, lemongrass, verbena, and Litsea cubeba. The studies showed that F. oxysporum and F. avenaceum were characterized by a higher resistance to low oil concentrations, and F. culmorum and F. graminearum by sensitivity. The fungicidal activity of two EsO-dominant monoterpenoids-thymol and citral—has been confirmed.

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Determination of toxicity indicators and assessment of the sensibilizing action of the preparation for the external use ‘Ointment for wounds’

Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety ◽

10.36016/jvmbbs-2019-5-3-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

R. M. Sachuk

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Repeated Administration ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Hazard Class ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Buccal Mucous Membrane ◽

Sensitizing Effect

The purpose of the work is a determination of toxicity and sensitizing effects of a new external preparation ‘Ointment for wounds’, based on the essential oils of Siberian pine, eucalypt, tea-tree, cedar, clove, and oil solution of chlorophyllite. The experimental study was performed on rats weighing 160–190 g, 2–3 months of age and mice weighing 18–21 g, 3 months of age. At the stages of preclinical study, it was determined acute and subacute effects of the drug, when administrated on the skin and directly into the stomach of experimental animals. The skin-irritant effect of the phytopreparation was investigated when applied to the skin and buccal mucous membrane. The sensitizing effect of the ointment was evaluated by reproducing local reactions. The acute toxicity assessment was performed on the survival rate of laboratory animals after oral administration of the preparation at doses from 5,000 to 25,000 mg/kg of body weight, with 5,000 units increments. Subacute toxicity in the experiment was evaluated by the dynamics of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood and the study of the coefficients of laboratory animals’ internal organs mass. It was found that the introduction of the drug ‘Ointment for wounds’ in the stomach did not cause significant changes in the behavior of rats, all animals remained alive. Studies have shown the absence of skin-irritant effect of the preparation, as well as the absence of irritant effect on the buccal mucous membrane. Even in a long-term experiment to study subacute toxicity when applied to the skin, no toxic effects of the preparation on the basis of essential oils and oil solution chlorophyllite of were found. The index sensitizing effect of the preparation was less than one, indicating the absence of sensitizing effect. According to the classification of substances by toxicity and danger (requirements of SOU 85.2-37-736:2011 and GOST 12.1.007-76) belong to hazard class IV. In general, ‘Ointment for wounds’ does not have a toxic effect on the functions of vital organs, and at repeated administration is almost harmless

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The possibilities of the application of some species of sage (Salvia L) as auxiliaries in the treatment of some diseases

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc0306435v ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 435-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ana Velickovic ◽

Mihailo Ristic ◽

Dragan Velickovic ◽

Stevan Ilic ◽

Natasa Mitic

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Species ◽

Salvia Officinalis ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Salvia Officinalis L

The chemical composition of four essential oils of four species of sage (Salvia officinalis L., Salvia pratensis L., Salvia glutinosa L. and Salvia aethiopis L) are examined by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. The presence of some components in the essential oil (mono- and sesquiterpene) determines the pharmacological effects and therapeutical application of a plant species. Salvia officinalis L. gives the highest yield of oil (1.1 %), while the lowest is in Salvia pratensis L. (0.1 %). The investigations included the determination of the antimicrobic activities of the essential oils by the diffusion method and the oil of Salvia pratensis L. proved to have the highest activity.

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The composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Levisticum officinale Koch. flowers and fruits at different developmental stages

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc100524126m ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 75 (12) ◽

pp. 1661-1669 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mohammad Mirjalili ◽

Peyman Salehi ◽

Ali Sonboli ◽

Javad Hadian ◽

Samad Ebrahimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Mature Fruit ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Immature Fruit

The composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Levisticum officinale Koch. at different developmental stages (flower, immature fruit, green mature fruit and ripened fruit) is reported. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried samples and their antibacterial activities were tested against seven bacteria. The yield of oil (w/w %) in different stages was in the order: immature fruit (1.5 %) > green mature fruit (1.0 %) > ripened fruit (0.6 %) > flower (0.1 %). The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In total, 27, 31, 28 and 26 constituents were identified and quantified in the mentioned samples, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of compounds in the green mature fruit (79.2 %), immature fruit (78.4 %), ripened fruit (75.2 %) and flower (44.0 %). The antibacterial activity of the oils was evaluated by the disk diffusion method using M?ller-Hinton agar and determination of inhibition zones. The results of the bioassays showed some variations between the three tested oils in their inhibitory activity against the tested bacteria at a 10 ?l disc-1 concentration. The oils from mature and ripened fruit exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.90 mg ml-1 in mature and ripen fruits.

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Evaluation of the Antifungal Effect of Chicory Extracts on Candida Glabrata and Candida Krusei in a Laboratory Environment

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2167 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 1014-1020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mahdi Rahbar ◽

Hosein Eslami ◽

Hossein Babaei ◽

Parisa Falsafi ◽

Fereshteh Najar-Karimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Glabrata ◽

Candida Krusei ◽

Antifungal Drug ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Test ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Laboratory Environment ◽

The Social ◽

Agar Well Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT Aim This research has evaluated the extract's antifungal effects on Candida glabrata and Candida krusei in a laboratory environment. Materials and methods In this research, to evaluate the antifungal effect and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of chicory extract, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) was used. Candida glabrata and C. krusei funguses were procured from the Tehran Pasteur Institute; they were grown in the relative growing environment according to the required conditions. Also for further assurance about the macrodilution method reality, the agar well diffusion method was used. Finally, the obtained results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 software. Results The MIC for the chicory extract was 50 μg/mL for C. krusei and 100 μg/mL for C. glabrata. On the contrary, in the evaluation of different concentrations of the chicory extract by the agar well diffusion method, C. krusei's lack of growth in similar concentrations was greater than that of C. glabrata. As a result, the findings related to both the methods of agar well diffusion and MIC prevention concentration maximization proved that C. krusei sensitivity to the chicory extract is more compared with the sensitivity of C. glabrata. Conclusion Chicory extract has the benefits of low price, accessibility, and proper taste as compared with nystatin. It also has fewer side effects, and after a clinical test, it could be considered a proper candidate as an antifungal drug against infections caused by C. krusei and C. glabrata. Clinical significance The results obtained from this research have shown that chicory extract has antifungal features and is the best choice as an antifungal drug because of its low price, accessibility, and proper taste as compared with nystatin. How to cite this article Eslami H, Babaei H, Falsafi P, Rahbar M, Najar-Karimi F, Pourzare-Mehrbani S. Evaluation of the Antifungal Effect of Chicory Extracts on Candida Glabrata and Candida Krusei in a Laboratory Environment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1014-1020.

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