Silver Antibacterial Synergism Activities with Eight Other Metal(loid)-Based Antimicrobials against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus

The present study surveys potential antibacterial synergism effects of silver nitrate with eight other metal or metalloid-based antimicrobials (MBAs), including silver nitrate, copper (II) sulfate, gallium (III) nitrate, nickel sulfate, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate (gold), aluminum sulfate, sodium selenite, potassium tellurite, and zinc sulfate. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal susceptibility testing explored antibacterial synergism potency of 5760 combinations of MBAs against three bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) in three different media. Silver nitrate in combination with potassium tellurite, zinc sulfate, and tetrachloroaurate trihydrate had remarkable bactericidal and bacteriostatic synergism effects. Synergism properties of MBAs decreased effective antibacterial concentrations remarkably and bacterial cell count decreased by 8.72 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL in E. coli, 9.8 log10 CFU/mL in S. aureus, and 12.3 log10 CFU/mL in P. aeruginosa, compared to each MBA alone. Furthermore, most of the MBA combinations inhibited the recovery of bacteria; for instance, the combination of silver nitrate–tetrachloroaurate against P. aeruginosa inhibited the recovery of bacteria, while three-fold higher concentration of silver nitrate and two-fold higher concentration of tetrachloroaurate were required for inhibition of recovery when used individually. Overall, higher synergism was typically obtained in simulated wound fluid (SWF) rather than laboratory media. Unexpectedly, the combination of A silver nitrate–potassium tellurite had antagonistic bacteriostatic effects in Luria broth (LB) media for all three strains, while the combination of silver nitrate–potassium tellurite had the highest bacteriostatic and bactericidal synergism in SWF. Here, we identify the most effective antibacterial MBAs formulated against each of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogen indicator strains.

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Fabrication of a Novel AgBr/Ag2MoO4@InVO4 Composite with Excellent Visible Light Photocatalytic Property for Antibacterial Use

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10081541 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1541

Author(s):

Jie Zhang ◽

Jia Wang ◽

Qingjun Zhu ◽

Binbin Zhang ◽

Huihui Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

Photocatalytic Property ◽

Photocatalytic Reaction ◽

Composite Photocatalyst ◽

E Coli ◽

Radical Trapping ◽

Visible Light Photocatalytic

A novel AgBr/Ag2MoO4@InVO4 composite photocatalyst with different heterojunction structures was successfully constructed by compounding InVO4 with Ag2MoO4 and AgBr. According to the degradation, antibacterial and free radical trapping data, the photocatalytic antibacterial and antifouling activities of AgBr/Ag2MoO4@InVO4 composite were evaluated, and the corresponding photocatalytic reaction mechanism was proposed. Adding AgBr/Ag2MoO4@InVO4 composite, the degradation rate of ciprofloxacin (CIP) achieved 95.5% within 120 min. At the same time, the antibacterial rates of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) achieved 99.99%. The AgBr/Ag2MoO4@InVO4 composite photocatalyst showed promising usage in photocatalytic antibacterial and purification areas.

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Estudio fitoquímico y actividad antimicrobiana de plantas medicinales empleadas para el control de infecciones urinarias

Revista Facultad de Ciencias Básicas ◽

10.18359/rfcb.4896 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 43-56

Author(s):

Lida Vanessa Hernández Moreno ◽

Ludy Cristina Pabón Baquero ◽

Patricia Hernández-Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Taraxacum Officinale ◽

Portulaca Oleracea ◽

Uncaria Tomentosa ◽

E Coli ◽

Anthoxanthum Odoratum ◽

Parietaria Officinalis

Las enfermedades infecciosas han sido un desafío para la humanidad. A pesar de los avances en la ciencia, aún muchas infecciones no tienen tratamientos efectivos o los microorganismos han generado resistencia a los antibióticos, de manera que las plantas medicinales son una alternativa de tratamiento y reducción de la resistencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis fitoquímico preliminar y evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de doce extractos etanólicos deplantas empleadas en la medicina tradicional colombiana como control de infecciones urinarias (IU). Las especies Anthoxanthum odoratum (grama), Urera caracasana (ortigón), Equisetum bogotenses (cola de caballo), Parietaria officinalis (parietaria), Achyrocline bogotensis (vira vira), Kohleria hirsuta (caracola), Taraxacum officinale (diente de león), Sedum praealtum (siempre viva), Portulaca oleracea (verdolaga), Petroselinum sativum (perejil), Zingiber officinale (jengibre) y Uncaria tomentosa (uña de gato) fueron adquiridas en la plaza de mercado Soacha (Cundinamarca) y sometidas a maceración con etanol a temperatura ambiente. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó por difusión en agar, microdilución en placa y bioautografía frente a Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027). Se determino que S. aureus y P. aeruginosa presentaron inhibición frente a cinco extractos en los tres métodos realizados, mientras que E. coli no fue inhibida por ningún extracto. Se estableció mediante bioautografía con reveladores específicos que los esteroides y/o triterpenoides, fenoles y flavonoides son los posibles metabolitos responsables de la actividad. Este tipo de investigaciones propicia estudios orientados al aislamiento de principios activos con utilidad en la elaboración de medicamentos para tratar IU.

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Actividad antibacteriana in vitro de aceites esenciales de diferentes especies del género Citrus

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico Farmacéuticas ◽

10.15446/rcciquifa.v46n2.67934 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Miladys Esther Torrenegra Alarcón ◽

Nerlis Paola Pájaro ◽

Glicerio León Méndez

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

E Coli

Se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana in vitro de aceites esenciales de diferentes especiesdel género Citrus frente a cepas ATCC de Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis,Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Escherichia coli, determinandola concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) y la concentración mínima bactericida(CMB). Las bacterias se replicaron en medios de agar y caldos específicos. Se determinóel momento de máxima densidad óptica (DO620) para emplearlo como tiempode incubación; luego se hicieron pruebas de evaluación de sensibilidad con la exposiciónde las cepas a concentraciones a 1000 g/mL del extracto en caldo. Para solubilizarse empleó dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) al 1%. Posteriormente, se le determinó laconcentración mínima inhibitoria mediante metodologías de microdilución en caldoy la concentración mínima bactericida. Encontrándose una actividad de los aceitesesenciales del género Citrus, con valores de CMI ≥ 600 mg/mL frente a S. aureus,S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa y E. coli. En función a los resultados obtenidos,se concluye que las diferentes especies del género Citrus son consideradas comopromisorias para el control del componente bacteriano.

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Green synthesis of Ag, Zn and Cu nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Spondias mombin leaves and evaluation of their antibacterial activity

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology ◽

10.4314/ajcem.v21i2.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 106-113

Author(s):

D.K. Adeyemi ◽

A.O. Adeluola ◽

M.J. Akinbile ◽

O.O. Johnson ◽

G.A. Ayoola

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Green Synthesis ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Cu Nanoparticles ◽

E Coli ◽

Spondias Mombin ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Uv Visible

Background: Nanotechnology offers an advantage as a green route for synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) with plant extracts as capping agent. Spondias mombin is a fruit-bearing tree and its leaf extracts have been reported to possess anxiolytic, hypoglycaemic, antiepileptic, antipsychotic, sedative, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The objective of the study is to determine the antibacterial potential of a simple non-toxic product of green synthesis of metallic (Ag, Zn and Cu) nanoparticles using the leaf of Spondias mombin aqueous extracts (SMAE) as a reducing and capping agents of the metal ions.Methodology: Nanoparticles were characterized by UV visible spectrophotometeric analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Antimicrobial activities of synthesized NPs against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined by agar well diffusion technique.Results: The synthesized NPs varied in colour from dark brown to green and appears dominantly spherical, occasionally rod or triangular shaped with size ranging from 65-90 nm. UV spectroscopy absorption spectra of Ag, Zn and Cu NPs had absorbance peak at 267, 262 and 765 nm respectively. FT-IR spectrometry of Zn NP, Cu NP, and SMAE gave wave number ranging from 895.71-3320.67, 747.02-3225.45 and 658.25-3674.49 respectively. FT-IR analysis showed that SMAE acted as reducing and stabilizing agent while the NPs exhibited lower energy absorption band when compared to the plant extract. The NPs demonstrated higher antimicrobial activities against S. aureus than Ps. aeruginosa and E. coli. The antimicrobial activity was higher with copper NP than Ag and Zn NPs, and also higher than SMAE.Conclusion: The result from this study presents an indication for an alternative means for development of novel antimicrobial agents for clinical and biotechnological applications.Keywords: synthesis, nanoparticles, FT-IR, UV-visible spectrophotometry, antibacterial activitiesFrench Title: Synthèse verte de nanoparticules d'Ag, de Zn et de Cu à partir d'extrait aqueux de feuilles de Spondias mombin et évaluation de leur activité antibactérienneContexte: La nanotechnologie offre un avantage en tant que voie verte pour la synthèse de nanoparticules métalliques (NP) avec des extraits de plantes comme agent de coiffage. Spondias mombin est un arbre fruitier et ses extraits de feuilles possèdent des propriétés anxiolytiques, hypoglycémiques, antiépileptiques, antipsychotiques, sédatives, antioxydantes et antimicrobiennes. L’objectif de l’étude est de déterminer le potentiel antibactérien d’un simple produit non toxique de synthèse verte de nanoparticules métalliques (Ag, Zn et Cu) à l’aide de la feuille d’extraits aqueux de Spondias mombin (SMAE) en tant qu’agent réducteur et coiffant de la ions métalliques.Méthodologie: Les nanoparticules ont été caractérisées par analyse spectrophotométrique UV visible, spectrophotomètre à transformée de Fourier infrarouge (FT-IR) et microscope électronique à balayage (MEB). Lesactivités antimicrobiennes de NP synthétisées contre Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus et Pseudomonas aeruginosa ont été déterminées par une technique de diffusion sur puits d’agar.Résultats: Les NP synthétisés ont une couleur allant du brun foncé au vert et apparaissent principalement sphériques, parfois en bâtonnets ou en triangles, avec des tailles allant de 65 à 90 nm. Les spectres d'absorption par spectroscopie UV des NP Ag, Zn et Cu présentaient des pics d'absorbance à 267, 262 et 765 nm respectivement. La spectrométrie FT-IR de Zn NP, Cu NP et SMAE a donné un nombre d'onde allant de 895,71 à 3320,67, 747,02 à 3225,45 et 658,25 à 3674,49 respectivement. L'analyse FT-IR a montré que le SMAE agissait en tant qu'agent réducteur et stabilisant, alors que les NP présentaient une bande d'absorption d'énergie inférieure à celle de l'extrait de plante. Les NP ont démontré des activités antimicrobiennes plus élevées contre S. aureus que Ps. aeruginosa et E. coli. L'activité antimicrobienne était plus élevée avec les NP en cuivre que dans les NP Ag et Zn, et également supérieure à celle du SMAE.Conclusion: le résultat de cette étude présente une indication d'un autre moyen de développement de nouveaux agents antimicrobiens pour des applications cliniques et biotechnologiques.Mots-clés: synthèse, nanoparticules, FT-IR, spectrophotométrie UV-visible, activités antibactériennes

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Antibacterial effect of Dimethyl sulfoxide extract of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) leaf gel against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Mediscope ◽

10.3329/mediscope.v7i2.49444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syed Didarul Haque ◽

Abu Md Mayeenuddin Al Amin ◽

Baishakhi Islam ◽

Nazia Nazneen ◽

Syeda Noorjahan Karim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli

An exploratory study based on laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the antibacterial effect of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extract of Aloe vera leaf gel (DAE) against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. DMSO extract was used in five different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml). Dose dependent inhibitory effect was seen against the test organisms using disc diffusion method. Zone of inhibition (ZOI) were 8 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm, 16 mm and 21 mm against S. aureus; 0 mm, 8 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm and 18 mm against P. aeruginosa; 8 mm, 11 mm, 13 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm against E. coli; 0 mm, 9 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm and 18 mm against K. pneumoniae at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed by broth dilution technique. The MICs of DAE for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 300 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml and 450 μg/ml respectively. From the study it was observed that DMSO extract of Aloe vera leaf gel possesses antibacterial effect against the test pathogens. The findings highlight the need for further extensive study to detect and isolate the biologically active ingredients present in the Aloe vera leaves which are responsible for antibacterial effect. Hopefully, that would lead to the discovery of new and more potent antimicrobial agents originated from Aloe vera. Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 2: July 2020, Page 67-74

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Affinity of Tomopenem (CS-023) for Penicillin-Binding Proteins in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01433-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 1238-1241 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tetsufumi Koga ◽

Chika Sugihara ◽

Masayo Kakuta ◽

Nobuhisa Masuda ◽

Eiko Namba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Binding Proteins ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Penicillin Binding Protein ◽

Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽

E Coli ◽

High Affinity

ABSTRACT Tomopenem (formerly CS-023), a novel 1β-methylcarbapenem, exhibited high affinity for penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2 in Staphylococcus aureus, PBP 2 in Escherichia coli, and PBPs 2 and 3 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are considered major lethal targets. Morphologically, tomopenem induced spherical forms in E. coli and short filamentation with bulges in P. aeruginosa, which correlated with the drug's PBP profiles. The potential of resistance of these bacteria to tomopenem was comparable to that to imipenem.

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Serum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Activity of Ciprofloxacin following Intravenous Administration

DICP ◽

10.1177/106002808902300603 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 456-460

Author(s):

Michael N. Dudley ◽

Hilary D. Mandler ◽

Kenneth H. Mayer ◽

Stephen H. Zinner

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Resistant Strain ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

E Coli ◽

Dose Levels

Serum inhibitory and bactericidal titers were measured in nine healthy volunteers following single iv doses of ciprofloxacin 100, 150, and 200 mg. The median peak serum bactericidal titer (5 minutes following completion of a 30-minute infusion) against two highly susceptible strains of Escherichia coli ranged between 1:64 and 1:1024 and titers exceeded 1:8 for six hours for all dose levels. The bactericidal titers against two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus were considerably lower, the median peak being 1:2 at all dose levels. Measured inhibitory and bactericidal titers at five minutes and one hour postinfusion were significantly greater than those predicted (measured serum ciprofloxacin concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] or minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) for only one strain of E. coli. Intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin 100–200 mg produce high and sustained serum bactericidal titers against highly susceptible bacteria; considerably lower levels of activity are seen against bacteria having higher MICs and MBCs but still considered susceptible to the drug.

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Antimicrobial activity of isolated compounds and semisynthetic derivatives from Miconia ferruginata

Acta Brasiliensis ◽

10.22571/2526-4338249 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Gracielle Oliveira Sabbag Cunha ◽

Ana Paula Terezan ◽

Andreia Pereira Matos ◽

Marcela Carmen De Melo Burger ◽

Paulo Cezar Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Carboxyl Group ◽

Isomeric Mixture ◽

E Coli ◽

Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽

Derivatives Of

This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of isolated compounds and semisynthetic derivatives from Miconia ferruginata (Melastomataceae) against five microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6623), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The isomeric mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids was active against S. aureus (MIC = 250 μg mL-1) and against E. coli, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa (MIC = 500 μg mL-1). The flavone 5,6,7-trihydroxy-4’-methoxyflavone and the methyl esters, semisynthetic derivatives of a mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids, showed no activity against the tested microorganisms. These results suggest that the carboxyl group present in the triterpenes may contribute to antimicrobial activity.

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ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ АНТИМІКРОБНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ БЕДРИНЦЮ ЛОМИКАМЕНЕВОГО ЕКСТРАКТУ ГУСТОГО

Фармацевтичний часопис ◽

10.11603/2312-0967.2019.1.9950 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 104-110

Author(s):

E. A. Parashchuk ◽

N. I. Tkachuk ◽

S. M. Marchyshyn ◽

H. R. Kozyr

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

E Coli

Мета роботи. Визначення антимікробної активності бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракту густого. Матеріали і методи. Oб’єктoм для дoслідження обрано бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракт густий (БЕГ-1, одержаний екстрагуванням 75 % етанолом і БЕГ-2, екстрагент 85 % етанол). В якості тест-культур використовували 5 музейних штамів: грампозитивні мікроорганізми Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 6538, спорову культуру Bacillus subtilis АТСС 6633, грамнегативну культуру Escherichia coli АТСС 25922 та Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 9027. Антифунгальну дію з’ясовували відносно Candida albicans АТСС 885-653. Бактеріостатичні властивoсті дoсліджуваних oб’єктів встанoвлювали за результатами росту еталонних штамів мікроорганізмів у нативному водному розчині бедринцю та в розведені 1:2 та 1:4 в м'ясо-пептонному бульйоні; бактерицидні – за відсутністю росту вмісту пробірок із розведенням екстракту на щільних пoживних середoвищах (м’ясо-пептонний агар – МПА) для грампозитивних мікроорганізмів S. aureus, B. subtilis, для грамнегативної культури E. coli, P. аeruginosa. Агар Сабуро використовували для дріжджеподібних грибів роду Candida (C. аlbicans). Результати й обговорення. Бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракт густий має широкий спектр антибактеріальної активності. Нативний екстракт БЕГ-1 по відношенню до тест-штамів S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. аlbicans проявляв бактерицидну дію. Бактеріостатичну дію він проявляв до P. aeruginosa, а по відношенню до E. coli антимікробного ефекту не виявлено. Екстракти в розведені 1:2 та 1:4 проявили бактерицидну дію відносно B. subtilis, бактеріостатичну – до S. aureus, C. albicans і не виявлено протимікробної дії до E. coli та P. aeruginosa. Нативний зразок БЕГ-2 по відношенню до усіх досліджуваних 5 тест–штамів проявив бактерицидну активність; у розведені 1:2 та 1:4 проявляв бактерицидну та бактеріостатичну дію відносно S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. albicans. Антимікробна дія по відношенню до E. coli та P. aeruginosa не виявлена. Антимікрoбну активність нативного бедринцю ломикаменевого екстракту густого також вивчали у дoслідах in vitro методом дифузії в агар – метод “колодязів”. Штами S. aureus, C. albicans, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli проявили чутливість до нативного бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракту густого. Грампозитивні бактеріальні штами S. aureus,а також гриби C. albicans, B. subtilis є найбільш чутливими до БЕГ-2, а БЕГ-1 проявляв порівняно меншу чутливість. Грамнегативні культури P. aeruginosa та E. coli також проявили помірну чутливість до БЕГ-1, але значно більшу чутливість до БЕГ-2. Висновки. 1. Експериментально встановлено, що обидва досліджувані зразки бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракту густого проявляють антибактеріальну активність. 2. Бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракт густий проявляв більш виражену антимікробну активність по відношенню до грампозитивної мікрофлори, тому є перспективним для створення лікарського засобу з антимікробними властивостями.

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Fatores de risco e perfil do uso de antimicrobianos entre pacientes com infecção no trato urinário em uma unidade de terapia intensiva

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13516 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e43910313516

Author(s):

Lucas Harassim ◽

Olibio Lopes Fiebig da Silva ◽

Luiz Felipe Soares Pinheiro ◽

Elber José Assaiante dos Santos ◽

Cláudio Daniel Cerdeira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽

Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽

Enterobacter Cloacae ◽

Citrobacter Freundii ◽

Providencia Rettgeri ◽

E Coli ◽

Terapia Intensiva

A Infecção no Trato Urinário (ITU) acometendo pacientes em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) é uma realidade preocupante, agravada pelo uso irracional de antimicrobianos e a alarmante multirresistência em microrganismos. Nós avaliamos o nível de assertividade quanto ao uso de antimicrobianos durante à antibioticoterapia empírica (ATE), em pacientes diagnosticados com ITU, comparando tal tratamento farmacológico empírico e o realizado após o antibiograma (antibioticoterapia direcionada), além disto, estimamos a prevalência dos agentes etiológicos e analisamos os fatores de risco associados. Este é um estudo observacional e transversal, realizado em 2015, no qual foram avaliados pacientes de ambos os sexos e todas as idades apresentando ITU e submetidos à antibioticoterapia, internados em uma UTI de um hospital no sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Dos 49 pacientes avaliados (28 mulheres [M] e 21 homens [H]), a média de idade foi 55±19 anos (IC(95) 49-61) e a faixa etária ≥70 anos foi a predominante. Quatorze diferentes microrganismos foram causadores de ITUs, sendo que 28,3% (IC(95%) 16,2-40,4) dos isolados clínicos tiveram Escherichia coli como o agente etiológico (33,3% H e 28,6% M); 18,9% (IC(95%) 8,3-29,4) Acinetobacter baumannii (33,3% H e 10,7% M); 15,1% (IC(95%) 5,5-24,7) Klebsiella pneumoniae (19% H e 14,3% M); 11,3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9,5% H e 14,3% M); 5,7% Enterobacter aerogenes (14,3% H); 3,8% Klebsiella oxytoca; 3,8% Staphylococcus aureus (7,1% M); e 1,9% para cada um dos seguintes microrganismos: Enterococcus faecalis (4,8% H); Proteus mirabilis (3,6% M); Enterobacter cloacae (3,6% M); Providencia rettgeri (4,8% H); Citrobacter koseri (3,6% M); Citrobacter freundii (3,6% M); e Fungos leveduriformes (4,8% H). As prevalências de ITUs causadas por A. baumannii e P. aeruginosa foram influenciadas pelo sexo (χ² com p<0,001). No sexo masculino, houve correlações positivas “substanciais” entre o aumento da idade (em anos) e a prevalência de ITU causada por E. coli (r = 0,69) ou entre idades menos avançadas e a prevalência de ITU causada por A. baumannii (r = -0,7). No sexo feminino, houve uma correlação positiva “extremamente forte” entre o aumento da idade e a prevalência de ITU causada por E. coli (r = 0,94; IC(95) 0,66-0,99; p<0,0014). Os antibióticos mais utilizados de forma empírica (ATE) foram: Ciprofloxacina (14,3% IC(95%) 4,7-24,1), Cefepima (14,3%) e Vancomicina (10%), e após o antibiograma (antibioticoterapia direcionada): Ceftazidima (16,3% IC(95%) 6-26,7), Ciprofloxacina (14,3% IC(95%) 4,5-24,1), Polimixina B (10,2%), Imipenem (10,2%) e Ampicilina + Sulbac. (8,2%). Em 20% dos casos, as terapias empíricas (ATE) foram consideradas “inapropriadas/não acertadas”. Contudo, também devemos ter ciência da necessidade clínica e quanto ao imediatismo para o tratamento de uma ITU em UTI, uma vez que a doença pode ser fatal se uma terapia não for instituída, portanto, nós aconselhamos avaliações mais minuciosas, tanto da racionalidade do uso de antibióticos, quanto dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de ITUs em UTIs.

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