Detection of Various Streptococcus spp. and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Clinical Specimens from Austrian Swine Stocks

Knowledge of pathogenic potential, frequency and antimicrobial resistance patterns of porcine Streptococcus (S.) spp. other than S. suis is scarce. Between 2016 and 2020, altogether 553 S. spp. isolates were recovered from clinical specimens taken from Austrian swine stocks and submitted for routine microbiological examination. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing towards eight antimicrobial substances was performed using disk diffusion test. All isolates from skin lesions belonged to the species S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE). S. hyovaginalis was mainly isolated from the upper respiratory tract (15/19) and S. thoraltensis from the genitourinary tract (11/15). The majority of S. suis isolates were resistant to tetracycline (66%), clindamycin (62%) and erythromycin (58%). S. suis isolates from the joints had the highest resistance rates. S. suis and SDSE isolates resistant to tetracycline were more likely to be resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin (p < 0.01). Results show that different species of Streptococcus tend to occur in specific body sites. Nevertheless, a statement whether these species are colonizers or potential pathogens cannot be given so far. High resistance rates of S. suis towards tetracyclines and erythromycin and high recovery rates of S. suis from lung tissue should be considered when treating pigs with respiratory diseases.

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Temporal profile of antimicrobial resistance exhibited by strains of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cases of bovine mastitis for 20 years (1992-2011)

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20140928 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 1035-1041

Author(s):

Ananda Paula Kowalski ◽

Grazieli Maboni ◽

Julia Pires Espindola ◽

Ariane Foletto ◽

Guerino Bandeira Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

The Other ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Susceptibility Tests ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

Records of in vitro susceptibility tests performed between 1992 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed in order to evaluate the dynamic profiles of possible changes in antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis during two decades. The results of 2,430 isolates tested by disk diffusion technique for susceptibility to oxacillin, penicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, sulfazotrim, gentamicin, and neomycin were analysed. Comparisons were performed between the percentages of resistance to antimicrobials and their classes and also between the decades studied. Additionally, the possible tendency or changes in the behaviour of these pathogens against the major drugs used in the last two decades were evaluated using regression analysis. The highest rates of resistance (P<0.0001) were observed for the beta-lactams (34.3%), with exception of cephalexin (6.9%), and for the tetracyclines (28%). Similar resistance rates (7.6% to 15.7%) were observed among the other drugs. Regression analysis showed a reduction in resistance to penicillin and ampicillin throughout the period, whilst for oxacillin and neomycin a decrease in the resistance was observed during the first decade, followed by an increase. A trend towards decreased resistance was found for sulfazotrim, whereas for the other antimicrobials no decrease was observed. The results indicated no trend towards increased resistance for most antimicrobials tested. Nevertheless, it is necessary to monitor the resistance patterns of these pathogens in order to save these drugs as a therapeutic reserve

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Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in Morocco

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.806 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 804-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Farida Ohmani ◽

Khadija Khedid ◽

Saad Britel ◽

Aicha Qasmaoui ◽

Reda Charof ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽

Gastrointestinal Infections ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Resistance Rates

Introduction: Salmonella enterica is recognised worldwide as one of the major agents of human gastrointestinal infections. The aim of the present work is to ascertain the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 150 Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates from humans in Morocco during the period from 2000 to 2008. Methodology: Antimicrobial resistance determination was performed by disk diffusion method using seven antibiotics. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was determined for nalidixic acid-resistant (NAR) isolates using E-test strips. Results: Sixty-one (42%) isolates were resistant to at least one class of antimicrobial agent. The largest numbers of resistant isolates were observed for nalidixic acid with 53 isolates (36%) followed by ampicillin with 7 isolates (5%), tetracycline with 6 isolates (4%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with 2 isolates (1%).The resistant isolates were grouped in seven different resistance patterns of which two isolates were resistant to three antibiotics. Among the 53 (36%) NAR isolates, 37 (76%) had a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Resistance rates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from Morocco are generally low but the resistance to nalidixic acid is worryingly common. Continual surveillance of antibiotic resistance is of primary importance.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Enterobacter Species Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjmm.v13i2.51785 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 3-6

Author(s):

Mashrura Quraishi ◽

Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽

Chandan Kumar Roy ◽

Fatima Afroz ◽

GM Mohiuddin

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

High Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Clinical Specimens ◽

Enterobacter Species ◽

Resistance Rates

The present study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Enterobacter species to guide the clinician in selecting the best antimicrobial agent for an individual patient. A total of 50 clinical isolates of Enterobacter species were collected from different clinical specimens at the microbiology laboratory of BSMMU between August, 2018 and September, 2019. The two main species of Enterobacter, E.cloacae and E.aerogenes were identified by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and reported according to CLSI guidelines. Majority (56%) of the isolated Enterobacter were E.cloacae, 40% were E.aerogenes and 4% were other species. The Enterobacter isolates showed relatively high resistance rates to the cephalosporins including cefoxitin (82%), cefixime (62%), ceftazidime (46%) and ceftriaxone (46%). Resistance to the carbapenems and aminoglycosides was relatively low. The high resistance rates of Enterobacter species to multiple antibiotics makes it necessary for antimicrobial susceptibility testing to be conducted prior to antibiotic prescription. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (2): 3-6

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Prevalence, species, and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter in surgical practice and laboratory dog husbandry room environments

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e26 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. e26

Author(s):

Kulchai Nakbubpa ◽

Ratchadaporn Janchawna ◽

Wanatchaporn Thumchop ◽

Ailisa Panboonthong ◽

Suchawan Pornsukarom

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Species Determination ◽

Acinetobacter Junii ◽

Surgical Practice ◽

Clinical Specimens ◽

University Of Technology ◽

Diagnostic Center ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Veterinary Hospital

Acinetobacter is a bacteria found in the environment and clinical specimens, causing nosocomial infection and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threats. This study examined the prevalence, species, and AMR characteristics of Acinetobacter isolated from surgical practice and the laboratory dog husbandry room environments (n = 235) at Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok veterinary hospital during 2018-2019. The prevalence of Acinetobacter in the laboratory dog husbandry room and veterinary belongings were 2.55% and 0.43%, respectively. Species determination was Acinetobacter hemolyticus (2.1%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (0.4%) from environments in the laboratory dog husbandry room, and Acinetobacter junii (0.4%) from the shoes used in the surgical practice room. AMR was observed in both study environments and the specimens sent to the Veterinary Diagnostic Center. These isolates had a high resistant percentage to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (84.62%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (61.54%), and cephalexin (53.85%) but were susceptible to imipenem. Compared to the isolates recovered from the clinical specimens, most isolates derived from environments exhibited multidrug resistance and shared correlated resistance patterns. These results highlight the need for sanitization in the dog husbandry room. Furthermore, the AMR results can be used as a preliminary baseline for studying AMR Acinetobacter contamination in animals and their environments.

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Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Canadian Hospitals: Results of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2007)

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2009/398264 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 20 (suppl a) ◽

pp. 9A-19A ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

George G Zhanel ◽

James A Karlowsky ◽

Mel DeCorby ◽

Kim A Nichol ◽

Aleksandra Wierzbowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Surveillance Study ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Clinical Specimens ◽

E Coli ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Resistance Rates

BACKGROUND: Canadian hospitals as well as hospitals worldwide are increasingly faced with antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of pathogens, including the resistance genotypes of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEscherichia coliin Canadian hospitals, as well as their antimicrobial resistance patterns. MEtHODS: Bacterial isolates were obtained between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2007, inclusive, from patients in 12 hospitals across Canada as part of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2007). Isolates were obtained from bacteremic, urinary, respiratory and wound specimens and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Susceptibility testing was assessed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method. RESULTS: In total, 7881 isolates were recovered from clinical specimens of patients attending Canadian hospitals. The 7881 isolates were collected from respiratory (n=2306; 29.3%), blood (n=3631; 46.1%), wounds/tissue (n=617; 7.8%) and urinary (n=1327; 16.8%) specimens. The 10 most common organisms isolated from 76.5% of all clinical specimens wereE coli(21.6%), methicillin-susceptibleS aureus(13.9%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(8.9%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(8.0%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(5.8%), MRSA (4.9%),Haemophilus influenzae(4.3%), coagulase-negative staphylococci/taphylococcus epidermidisS (4.0%),Enterococcus species(3.0%) andEnterobacter cloacae(2.1%). MRSA made up 26.0% (385 of 1480) of allS aureus(genotypically, 79.2% of MRSA were health care-associated MRSA and 19.5% were community-associated MRSA), and VRE made up 1.8% of all enterococci (62.5% of VRE had thevanA genotype). ESBLproducingE colioccurred in 3.4% ofE coliisolates. The CTX-M type was the predominant ESBL, with CTX-M-15 as the predominant genotype. With MRSA, no resistance was observed to daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline and vancomycin, while resistance rates to other agents were: clarithromycin 91.4%, clindamycin 61.8%, fluoroquinolones 88.6% to 89.6%, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 12.2%. WithE coli, no resistance was observed to ertapenem, meropenem and tigecycline, while resistance rates to other agents were: amikacin 0.1%, cefazolin 14.2%, cefepime 2.0%, ceftriaxone 8.9%, gentamicin 10.6%, fluoroquinolones 23.6% to 24.5%, piperacillin-tazobactam 1.3% and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 26.6%. Resistance rates withP aeruginosawere: amikacin 7.6%, cefepime 11.7%, gentamicin 20.8%, fluoroquinolones 23.4% to 25.1%, meropenem 8.1% and piperacillin- tazobactam 7.3%. A MDR phenotype (resistance to three or more of cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, amikacin or gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin) occurred frequently inP aeruginosa(10.6%) but uncommonly inE coli(1.2%),K pneumoniae(1.5%),E cloacae(0%) orH influenzae(0%). CONCLUSIONS:E coli,S aureus(methicillin-susceptible and MRSA),S pneumoniae,P aeruginosa,K pneumoniae,H influenzaeandEnterococcusspecies are the most common isolates recovered from clinical specimens in Canadian hospitals. The prevalence of MRSA was 26.0% (of which genotypically, 19.5% was community-associated MRSA), while VRE and ESBL-producingE colioccurred in 1.8% and 3.4% of isolates, respectively. A MDR phenotype is common withP aeruginosain Canadian hospitals.

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Antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible of acute respiratory tract infections in children

Microbiologia Medica ◽

10.4081/mm.2017.6489 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Makhtar Camara ◽

Assane Dieng ◽

Abdoulaye Diop ◽

Amadou Diop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Resistance Rates

Background and aims. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common causative agents of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The objective of this study was to assess their susceptibility to several antibiotics. Materials and methods. A total of 58 strains (16 S. pneumoniae, 19 H. influenzae and 23 M. catarrhalis) were isolated from samples collected in two paediatric centres, and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics tested by E-test. Results. Among H. influenzae isolates, 10.5% were resistant to ampicillin (all β-lactamase-positive), and 88.9% were susceptible to cefaclor. High β-lactam resistance rates (penicillin: 31.3% and cephalosporins: 18.7 to 31.3%) had been observed among S. pneumonia strains. Only 50% of isolates were susceptible to azithromycine. 91.3% of M. catarrhalis isolates β-lactamases producers were resistant to ampicillin while susceptible to the most tested antibiotics. Conclusions. Except M. catarrhalis β-lactamases producing strains, frequency of antibiotic resistance was mainly observed among S. pneumoniae, and to a lesser extent among H. influenzae clinical isolates, suggesting the need for continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in the management of RTIs.

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Evaluating the antimicrobial resistance patterns and MDR frequency in Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinical specimens taken from patients in Iran: 2017–2019

10.21203/rs.3.rs-60518/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Norouzi Bazgir ◽

Mehrdad Gholami ◽

Hamid Reza Goli

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

High Resistance ◽

Control Measures ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Clinical Specimens ◽

E Coli ◽

Infection Control Measures ◽

Resistance Patterns

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and frequency of MDR strains in E. coli isolated from patients in two hospitals of Iran. In this descriptive-analytical study, 13322 clinical specimens were collected from two teaching hospitals. The E. coli isolates were identified using standard bacteriological methods. Then, the resistance patterns of the isolates were analyzed by disk agar diffusion method according to the CLSI.Results Out of 13322 clinical samples, 964 (7.23%) isolates of E. coli were identified. In both hospitals, high resistance to ampicillin and cefalexin was presented in 621 (64.4%) and 402 (41.7%) isolates, respectively. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed in burn unit, burn ICU and burn restoration section, while all 8 strains which were isolated from the neonatal-ICU, were sensitive to all tested antibiotics except cefalexin, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, and ampicillin. Also, the bacteria isolated from urine, wound, stool, and blood samples were resistant to all tested antibiotics. Increased resistance to different antibiotics in burn hospital has created increasing concern. Very high resistance to some antibiotics indicates that these drugs are misused in therapeutic centers and highlights that infection control measures should be arranged in the ICUs of our hospitals.

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Epidemiological Data, Serovar Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Species in Children, Greece 2011-2017: A Retrospective Study

Acta Medica Academica ◽

10.5644/ama2006-124.315 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 255

Author(s):

Grigoris Grivas ◽

Theano Lagousi ◽

Georgia Mandilara

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Vulnerable Group ◽

Reference Centre ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Resistance Rates

Objective. This study aimed to describe Salmonella epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in Greek children over the period of 2011-2017. Materials and Methods. A 7-year retrospective study (2011-2017) was performed, based on data recorded by the National Reference Centre for Salmonella, among children aged ≤14 years. Epidemiological data, serovar distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns were recorded. Results. Overall, 2347 Salmonella isolates were collected (27 typhoid-paratyphoid). Salmonellosis cases increased by almost 2-fold in 2017 compared to 2011. The highest rates were reported in August, with infants being the most vulnerable group (17.9%). The majority of isolates were identified in stool samples (91%). Boys slightly outnumbered girls (~1.05:1). Salmonella Enteritidis was the most prevalent serovar (28.5%), followed by Salmonella Typhimurium (12.2%) and Salmonella monophasic Typhimurium (10.4%). Non-typhoid isolates displayed low resistance rates to 3rd generation cephalosporins (1%) and ciprofloxacin (0.3%), while the corresponding resistance of typhoid isolates was 10% and 5% respectively. An increasing trend of Salmonella monophasic Typhimurium was recorded, associated with high rates of multidrug resistance, reaching a percentage of 97.8% in 2017.Conclusions. Salmonellosis epidemiology in Greek children is comparable to previously published European data. Antimicrobial resistance rates to 3rd-generation cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin for non-typhoid and typhoid-paratyphoid remain low. Notably, there is an increasing prevalence of Salmonella monophasic Typhimurium isolates, associated with multiple antimicrobial resistance.

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