scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in Morocco

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Ohmani ◽  
Khadija Khedid ◽  
Saad Britel ◽  
Aicha Qasmaoui ◽  
Reda Charof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistance Rates

Introduction: Salmonella enterica is recognised worldwide as one of the major agents of human gastrointestinal infections. The aim of the present work is to ascertain the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 150 Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates from humans in Morocco during the period from 2000 to 2008. Methodology: Antimicrobial resistance determination was performed by disk diffusion method using seven antibiotics. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was determined for nalidixic acid-resistant (NAR) isolates using E-test strips. Results: Sixty-one (42%) isolates were resistant to at least one class of antimicrobial agent. The largest numbers of resistant isolates were observed for nalidixic acid with 53 isolates (36%) followed by ampicillin with 7 isolates (5%), tetracycline with 6 isolates (4%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with 2 isolates (1%).The resistant isolates were grouped in seven different resistance patterns of which two isolates were resistant to three antibiotics. Among the 53 (36%) NAR isolates, 37 (76%) had a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Resistance rates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from Morocco are generally low but the resistance to nalidixic acid is worryingly common. Continual surveillance of antibiotic resistance is of primary importance.

scholarly journals Class1-3 integrons and antimicrobial resistance profile in Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler chicken in Western Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 2471
Author(s):  
F. NEMATI ◽  
E. AHMADI
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistance Rates

Salmonella spp. are major etiologies of food-borne infections that are disseminated primarily through poultry to human. Nowadays, the high rate of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, worse the threat imposed to the public health. Integrons are attributed as important contributors to MDR isolates. The present research aimed to identify the frequency of integrons 1-3 and the antimicrobial resistance patterns in Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler chicken in Western Iran. A total of 500 fecal samples were screened for Salmonella phenotypically. The isolates were confirmed genotypically and the frequency of integrons 1-3 was evaluated molecularly among the isolates. Besides, the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was determined through the agar disk diffusion method. In general, 67 (13.4%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered phenotypically, all of which were confirmed molecularly. The incidence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons was 40.29% (27 isolates), 28.35% (19 isolates), and 11.94% (eight isolates), respectively. Coexistence of integrons was also detected in 26.86% of the isolates including class 1+2 (13 isolates, 40.62%), class 1+3 (2 isolates, 6.25%), and class 1+2+3 (3 isolates, 9.37%). No statistical association was detected between the frequencies of Salmonella spp. or Salmonella-bearing integron isolates with age, season, and location. The most frequent antimicrobial resistance was exhibited to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, and tetracycline; while ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and ceftazidime were the most effective drugs. 35.82% of the isolates were MDR, all of which harbored at least one class of integrons. Statistical assessment represented an association between the prevalence of integrons and tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and ceftazidime resistance rates. An alarming rate of integrons and MDR frequency among poultry-originated Salmonella spp. in the studied region demands the constant stewardship and prudent prescription and use of antibiotics to prevent human infections and preserve the effectiveness of those antibiotics in treating human salmonellosis.

scholarly journals Characterization of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farms in Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Vinueza-Burgos ◽  
David Ortega-Paredes ◽  
Cristian Narváez ◽  
Lieven De Zutter ◽  
Jeannete Zurita
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AR) is a worldwide concern. Up to a 160% increase in antibiotic usage in food animals is expected in Latin American countries. The poultry industry is an increasingly important segment of food production and contributor to AR. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, AR patterns and the characterization of relevant resistance genes in Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC E. coli from large poultry farms in Ecuador. Sampling was performed from June 2013 to July 2014 in 6 slaughterhouses that slaughter broilers from 115 farms totaling 384 flocks. Each sample of collected caeca was streaked onto TBX agar supplemented with cefotaxime (3 mg/l). In total, 176 isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance patterns by the disk diffusion method and for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaCMY, blaSHV, blaKPC, and mcr-1 by PCR and sequencing. ESBL and AmpC E. coli were found in 362 flocks (94.3%) from 112 farms (97.4%). We found that 98.3% of the isolates were multi-resistant to antibiotics. Low resistance was observed for ertapenem and nitrofurantoin. The most prevalent ESBL genes were the blaCTX-M (90.9%) blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-3 alleles. Most of the AmpC strains presented the blaCMY-2 gene. Three isolates showed the mcr-1 gene. Poultry production systems represent a hotspot for antimicrobial resistance in Ecuador, possibly mediated by the extensive use of antibiotics. Monitoring this sector in national and regional plans of antimicrobial resistance surveillance should therefore be considered.

scholarly journals Salmonella isolates’ serotypes and susceptibility to commonly used drugs at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed Somily ◽  
Samina Bashir Sayyed ◽  
Hanan Ahmed Habib ◽  
Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Khattaf ◽  
Fawzia Eida Al Otabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rates

Introduction: Resistance of Salmonella to therapeutic agents currently being used for treatment of Salmonella infections is emerging as a global problem. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes and their susceptibility patterns to commonly used drugs for treatment of Salmonella infections including quinolones. Correlation between nalidixic acid susceptibility of these isolates and their ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations was also sought. Methodology; Salmonella isolates (n=213) were collected between January 2007 and May 2009 at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The isolates were serotyped and their susceptibilities to commonly used first-line anti-Salmonella drugs (ampicillin, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin) were determined using the automated Microscan system, the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and E-test. Results: The most frequently detected serotype was D1 (37%) followed by the serotypes, B (24%) and C1 (11%). Non-typable Salmonella isolates detected using available conventional Salmonella anti-sera were (11%). Overall resistance rates to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ceftriaxone were 99/213 (46%), 43/213 (20%), 34/213 (16%) and 7/213 (3%), respectively. Of the total isolates, 117 (55%) had a ciprofloxacin MIC of < 0.125 µg/ml and among these 105 (90%) were susceptible to nalidixic acid. The remaining 96 (45%) isolates had a ciprofloxacin MIC of ≥ 0.125 µg/ml and among them, 83 (86.5%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. Conclusions: The majority of Salmonella isolates in this study were non-typhi serotypes. Significantly higher proportions of Salmonellae were resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin and a vast majority of nalidixic acid resistant organisms exhibited decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of blaOXA-type Carbapenemase Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns among Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maghsoud Kafshnouchi ◽  
Marzieh Safari ◽  
Amir Khodavirdipour ◽  
Abbas Bahador ◽  
Seyed Hamid Hashemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Class D ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract Acinetobacter baumannii is a bacterium found in most places, especially in clinics and hospitals, and an important agent of nosocomial infections. The presence of class D enzymes such as OXA-type carbapenemases in A. baumannii is proven to have a key function in resistance to carbapenem. The aim of the current study is to determine the blaOXA-type carbapenemase genes and antimicrobial resistance among clinically isolated samples of A. baumannii. We assessed 100 clinically isolated specimens of A. baumannii from patients in intensive care units of educational hospitals of Hamadan, West of Iran. The A. baumannii isolates' susceptibility to antibiotics was performed employing disk diffusion method. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the blaOXA-24-like , blaOXA-23-like , blaOXA-58-like , and blaOXA-51-like genes. The blaOXA-23-like , blaOXA-24-like , and blaOXA-58-like genes' prevalence were found to be 84, 58, and 3%, respectively. The highest coexistence of the genes was for blaOXA-51/23 (84%) followed by blaOXA-51/24-like (58%). The blaOXA-51/23- like pattern of genes is a sort of dominant gene in resistance in A. baumannii from Hamadan hospitals. The highest resistance to piperacillin (83%) and ciprofloxacin (81%) has been observed in positive isolates of blaOXA-23-like . The A. baumannii isolates with blaOXA-58-like genes did not show much resistance to antibiotics. Based on the results of the phylogenetic tree analysis, all isolates have shown a high degree of similarity. This study showed the high frequency of OXA-type carbapenemase genes among A. baumannii isolates from Hamadan hospitals, Iran. Thus, applying an appropriate strategy to limit the spreading of these strains and also performing new treatment regimens are necessary.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Outpatient Escherichia coli Urinary Isolates in Dakar, Senegal

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Sire ◽  
Pierre Nabeth ◽  
Jean-David Perrier-Gros-Claude ◽  
Ibrahim Bahsoun ◽  
Tidiane Siby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Predominant Pathogen ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates

Background: Data regarding the evolution of antimicrobial resistance are needed to suggest appropriate empirical treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI) in developing countries. To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli, the predominant pathogen in community-acquired UTI, a prospective multicenter study was carried out in Dakar, Senegal. Methodology: From February 2004 to October 2006, 1010 non-duplicate E. coli strains were collected from four centres. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method according to the recommendations of the CA-SFM (2004). Results: Most of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (73.1%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (67.5%), cephalothin (55.8%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (68.1%). Extended spectrum beta-lactamase was detected in 38 strains. The overall resistance rates to nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 23.9%, 16.4% and 15.5%, respectively. Most of the strains were susceptible to gentamicin, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin (respective susceptibility rates, 93.8%, 89.9%, and 99.3%). During this period, a significant decrease in sensitivity was observed for cephalothin, fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (p

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and Yersinia in the feces of hunted wildlife in Abeokuta, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Ernest Ojo ◽  
Oluwaseyi Oluwadaisi Ogunjobi ◽  
Mufutau Atanda Oyekunle ◽  
Morenike Atinuke Dipeolu ◽  
Ebenezer Babatunde Otesile
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Cricetomys Gambianus

Meat from wildlife contributes significantly to food security and income generation in many African communities. Salmonellae and yersiniae are important causes of foodborne infections. This study investigated the presence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonellae and yersiniae in the fecal contents of hunted wild rodents and ruminants at a wildlife meat-processing center in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated and identified by selective culture methods and biochemical characterization. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Salmonellae were isolated from 15 (9.8%) and yersiniae from 11 (7.2%) samples out of 153. Salmonellae were detected in nine cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus), five royal antelopes (Neotragus pygmaeus) and one African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus). Yersiniae were detected in eight cane rats, two royal antelopes and one waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus). The levels of resistance in Salmonella isolates were 100% for ampicillin and ceftiofur, 93.3% for tetracycline, 33.3% for cefotaxime, 26.7% for ceftazidime, 13.3% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and 6.7% for gentamicin, streptomycin and norfloxacin. The levels of resistance in yersiniae isolates were 81.8% for ampicillin, 72.7% for ceftiofur, 63.6% for nalidixic acid, 54.5% for cefotaxime, ceftazidime and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 36.4% for tetracycline, 27.3% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and streptomycin, 18.2% for ciprofloxacin, and 9.1% for chloramphenicol and gentamicin. All the isolates showed multiresistance to antimicrobials from at least three different classes. The detection of antimicrobial resistant salmonellae and yersiniae in wildlife is of veterinary and public health significance as these organisms can be transmitted to domestic animals and humans.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance among blood culture isolates of Salmonella enterica in New Delhi

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 788-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Jain ◽  
Tulsi Das Chugh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
First Choice

Introduction: Enteric fever is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries. Antimicrobial resistance is a major issue enteric fever management. This study examined current pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility among Salmonella enterica isolates from enteric fever cases at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi, India. Methodology: Blood cultures from patients with enteric fever during January 2010- July 2012 were processed using the BACTEC automated system. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method and/or Phoenix 100 automated system. Results: Of 344 isolates of Salmonella enterica, 266 (77.3%) were S. Typhi, 77 (22.4%) were S. Paratyphi A, and one (0.3%) was S. Paratyphi B. Resistance to nalidixic acid (NAR) (96.7%) was most common, followed by ciprofloxacin (37.9%), and azithromycin (7.3%). Multi-drug resistance was observed only in S. Typhi (3.4%). Among NAR strains, 61.8% were sensitive, 11.1% were moderately sensitive, and 23.9% were resistant to ciprofloxacin (0.8%, 57.4%, and 37.9% respectively according to revised CLSI breakpoint criteria for ciprofloxacin). Resistance to third-generation cephalosporin was found in seven (2%) strains of S. enterica. Conclusion: Increasing rates of nalidixic acid, fluoroquinolone and azithromycin resistance among S. enterica, particularly in S. Paratyphi A strains, is of concern, as S. Paratyphi A infection is becoming increasingly common and is not prevented by current vaccinations. Our results favour use of cefexime or possibly chloramphenicol as first choice for uncomplicated enteric fever. MICs for third-generation cephalosporins and susceptibility pattern must be closely monitored in view of its emerging resistance among Salmonella enterica.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated in Chicken Slaughterhouses in Northern Greece

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SAKARIDIS ◽  
N. SOULTOS ◽  
E. IOSSIFIDOU ◽  
A. PAPA ◽  
I. AMBROSIADIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
High Prevalence

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from chicken carcasses in slaughterhouses in Northern Greece. A total of 100 poultry samples (300 carcasses) were examined for Listeria spp. The samples were neck skin taken from four different slaughterhouses in Northern Greece. Forty samples were also taken from the environment of the slaughterhouses. Identification of L. monocytogenes was carried out by PCR and fingerprinting of the isolates by random amplified polymorphic DNA. L. monocytogenes strains isolated from chicken carcasses and from the environment of the slaughterhouses were also examined for antibiotic resistance. Fifty-five isolates of L. monocytogenes were tested for susceptibility to 20 antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. Listeria spp. were present in 99 of the poultry samples tested (99%), and 38 yielded L monocytogenes (38%). L. monocytogenes was also isolated in 80% of samples from the environment of a certain slaughterhouse, while the other slaughterhouses were found to be contaminated only with Listeria spp. All isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid, the majority of them to clindamycin, and only a few to tetracycline and oxytetracycline, whereas they were found to be susceptible to all other antimicrobials. The results of this study demonstrate a high prevalence of L. monocytogenes contamination in chicken carcasses, and all isolates were found to be sensitive to the antimicrobials most commonly used to treat human listeriosis.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Salmonella typhimurium and Enteritidis Strains Isolated from Human, Food, and Environmental Samples of Broiler Meat Production Chain in Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Shakera Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
High Level

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health issue worldwide due to extensive use in agriculture, food, and veterinary medicine. The rate of antimicrobial resistance varies with different antibiotics and serotypes but Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the most widespread serotypes which is comparatively more susceptible to antimicrobial resistance followed by S. Typhimurium. A total of 71 Salmonella strains (S. Typhimurium, n=45; S. Enteritidis, n=26) isolated from humans, food and the environment were used in the study. Both isolates were confirmed through PCR by targeting their specific spy and sdf genes respectively. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility against 10 antibiotics used. An exponentially high level of resistance was found in S. Typhimurium strains. The highest level of resistance was found against amoxicillin (97.78%) followed by tetracycline (95.56%), gentamicin (93.33%), trimethoprim (86.67%), streptomycin (84.44%), nalidixic acid (77.78%), sulphafurazole (64.44%), ampicillin (62.22%), chloramphenicol (46.67%) and least resistance was found against ciprofloxacin (31.11%). Four penta MDR (ACSSuT) and two tetra MDR (ASSuT) resistance patterns were found S. Typhimurium strains. In S. Enteritidis strains, a high level of resistance was found against sulphonamides and streptomycin (92.31%) with the least resistance against ciprofloxacin (11.54%). Two penta MDR (ACSSuT) and six tetra MDR (ASSuT) resistance patterns were found. The presence of high antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic S. Typhimurium and Enteritidis in the broiler meat production chain is alarming. Immediate action and appropriate measures are required to control over the counter and irrational use of antibiotics both in poultry and humans. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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