scholarly journals Potential Role of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies to Prevent Severe SARS-Cov-2 Complications

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Anna M. Fratta Pasini ◽  
Chiara Stranieri ◽  
Luciano Cominacini ◽  
Chiara Mozzini
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Nrf2 Activation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Receptor Family

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we review the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and its relationship with oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Furthermore, we analyze the potential role of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapies to prevent severe complications. OS has a potential key role in the COVID-19 pathogenesis by triggering the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB). While exposure to many pro-oxidants usually induces nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor2 (NRF2) activation and upregulation of antioxidant related elements expression, respiratory viral infections often inhibit NRF2 and/or activate NF-kB pathways, resulting in inflammation and oxidative injury. Hence, the use of radical scavengers like N-acetylcysteine and vitamin C, as well as of steroids and inflammasome inhibitors, has been proposed. The NRF2 pathway has been shown to be suppressed in severe SARS-CoV-2 patients. Pharmacological NRF2 inducers have been reported to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, the inflammatory response, and transmembrane protease serine 2 activation, which for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells through the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor. Thus, NRF2 activation may represent a potential path out of the woods in COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antiviral Agents

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2034
Author(s):  
Zubair Ahmed Ratan ◽  
Fazla Rabbi Mashrur ◽  
Anisha Parsub Chhoan ◽  
Sadi Md. Shahriar ◽  
Mohammad Faisal Haidere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Impact

Since the early 1990s, nanotechnology has led to new horizons in nanomedicine, which encompasses all spheres of science including chemistry, material science, biology, and biotechnology. Emerging viral infections are creating severe hazards to public health worldwide, recently, COVID-19 has caused mass human casualties with significant economic impacts. Interestingly, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibited the potential to destroy viruses, bacteria, and fungi using various methods. However, developing safe and effective antiviral drugs is challenging, as viruses use host cells for replication. Designing drugs that do not harm host cells while targeting viruses is complicated. In recent years, the impact of AgNPs on viruses has been evaluated. Here, we discuss the potential role of silver nanoparticles as antiviral agents. In this review, we focus on the properties of AgNPs such as their characterization methods, antiviral activity, mechanisms, applications, and toxicity.

scholarly journals The potential role of Bromhexine in the management of COVID-19: Decipher and a real game-changer

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy ◽  
Marwa S. Al-Niemi ◽  
Nawar R. Hussain ◽  
Ali I. Al-Gareeb ◽  
Claire Lugnier
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Transmembrane Serine Protease ◽  
Game Changer

Primary infection of SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV), which leads to Covid-19, targets specific cells, such as nasal, bronchial epithelial and pneumocytes, through the viral structural spike (S) protein that binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Also, type 2 transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) present in the host cell promotes viral uptake by cleaving ACE2 and triggering the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. One of the TMPRSS2 inhibitors with a greater distribution capacity into the lung tissue is bromhexine hydrochloride which attenuates the entry and proliferation of SARS-CoV-2. Bromhexine is an effective drug in the management and treatment of Covid-19 pneumonia via targeting ACE2/ TMPRSS2 pathway. However, prospective and controlled clinical trials are recommended to confirm this observation.

scholarly journals Potential Role of NRF2 Agonist in Managing AHR-Mediated Chloracne by Dioxin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masutaka Furue ◽  
Yoko Fuyuno ◽  
Chikage Mitoma ◽  
Hiroshi Uchi ◽  
Gaku Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Cytochrome P450 1A1 ◽  
Skin Symptom ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Nrf2 Activation ◽  
Dual Functions

Chloracne is the major skin symptom caused by dioxin intoxication. Dioxin activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)–cytochrome p450 1A1 (CYP1A1) system, generates oxidative stress, and induces hyperkeratinization of keratinocytes and sebocytes leading to chloracne. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2) is a master switch inducing expression of various antioxidative enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1. Cinnamaldehyde is an antioxidant phytochemical that inhibits AHR–CYP1A1 signaling and activates the NRF2–antioxidative axis. The cinnamaldehyde-containing Kampo herbal medicine Keishibukuryogan is capable of improving chloracne in Yusho patients who are highly contaminated with dioxin. Agents with dual functions in promoting AHR–CYP1A1 inhibition and NRF2 activation may be useful in managing dioxin-related health hazards.

scholarly journals Potential role of Curcumin against viral infections with a view on structure and pathogenesis of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) is an enveloped, positive sense, single stranded RNA viruses of zoonotic origin caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, currently responsible for pandemic health crisis. Due to increasing mortality rate there is an immediate need to develop possible treatments and understand the mechanism through which virus can cause complications in human body. The review intended to provide link between natural product as treatment and COVID-19 disease. Therefore, this review summarizes the structure, pathogenesis as well as understanding the various role of curcumin as a treatment option for COVID-19 which includes: targeting viral entry to host cells, targeting viral replication, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. Hence, curcumin can be a potential treatment option for COVID-19 patients and this review also suggest that more clinical research and development is needed in order to prepare a new drug for emerging SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Role of nuclear factor-κ B and heme oxygenase-1 in the mechanism of action of an anti-inflammatory chalcone derivative in RAW 264.7 cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
pp. 1191-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Alcaraz ◽  
Ana María Vicente ◽  
Amparo Araico ◽  
José N Dominguez ◽  
María Carmen Terencio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Chalcone Derivative ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κ B

CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN LINOMIDE-TREATED NOD MICE AND THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF A Th1/Th2 SHIFT ON AUTOIMMUNE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES

Cytokine ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lola Weiss ◽  
Vivian Barak ◽  
Michael Zeira ◽  
Ali Abdul-Hai ◽  
Israel Raibstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Metformin Corrects Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming and NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Pyroptosis via Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/PFKFB3 Signaling in Trophoblasts: Implication for a Potential Therapy of Preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Weifang Liu ◽  
Yanqi Zhong ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Mengying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Receptor Family

NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis is a crucial event in the preeclamptic pathogenesis, tightly linked with the uteroplacental TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Trophoblastic glycometabolism reprogramming has now been noticed in the preeclampsia pathogenesis, plausibly modulated by the TLR4/NF-κB signaling as well. Intriguingly, cellular pyroptosis and metabolic phenotypes may be inextricably linked and interacted. Metformin (MET), a widely accepted NF-κB signaling inhibitor, may have therapeutic potential in preeclampsia while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of MET on trophoblastic pyroptosis and its relevant metabolism reprogramming. The safety of pharmacologic MET concentration to trophoblasts was verified at first, which had no adverse effects on trophoblastic viability. Pharmacological MET concentration suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis partly through inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling in preeclamptic trophoblast models induced via low-dose lipopolysaccharide. Besides, MET corrected the glycometabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress partly via suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling and blocking transcription factor NF-κB1 binding on the promoter PFKFB3, a potent glycolytic accelerator. Furthermore, PFKFB3 can also enhance the NF-κB signaling, reduce NLRP3 ubiquitination, and aggravate pyroptosis. However, MET suppressed pyroptosis partly via inhibiting PFKFB3 as well. These results provided that the TLR4/NF-κB/PFKFB3 pathway may be a novel link between metabolism reprogramming and NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in trophoblasts. Further, MET alleviates the NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis, which partly relies on the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB/PFKFB3-dependent glycometabolism reprogramming and redox disorders. Hence, our results provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and propose MET as a potential therapy.

scholarly journals Potential role of acetylsalicilic acid and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cancer risk reduction (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Buheruk ◽  
O. B. Voloshyna ◽  
L. I. Kovalchuk ◽  
I. V. Balashova ◽  
O. V. Naidionova
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The aim of this review is to analyze and summarize the existing evidence regarding the possibilities of using acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce cancer risk. Conclusions. Chronic inflammation facilitates the onset and progress of tumour growth. Anti-cancer properties of acetylsalicylic acid and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are mediated via cyclooxygenase COX-dependent mechanisms, as well as other tumorigenic pathways. Current systematic review addresses potential role of ASA and other NSAIDs in reduction of cancer risk for the following localizations: head and neck, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, breast, ovaries, prostate, and skin. The role of ASA in primary prevention of colorectal cancer in specific populations is presented in 2016 U. S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. Studies indicate heterogeneous protective potential of ASA against different cancer types, depending on studied population, duration of intake and dose. Influence of non-aspirin NSAIDs on cancer morbidity and mortality is more controversial.

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