scholarly journals Carbon Monoxide Partially Mediates Protective Effect of Resveratrol Against UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice N. Averilla ◽  
Jisun Oh ◽  
Jong-Sang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Tin Protoporphyrin

Based on the antioxidative effect of resveratrol (RES) in mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through the induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway, we investigated whether the protective activity of RES against ROS-mediated cytotoxicity is mediated by intracellular carbon monoxide (CO), a product of HO-1 activity, in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The cells were exposed to UVB radiation following treatment with RES and/or CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2). RES and/or CORM-2 upregulated HO-1 protein expression, accompanied by a gradual reduction of UVB-induced intracellular ROS levels. CORM-2 reduced intracellular ROS in the presence of tin protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inhibitor, indicating that the cytoprotection observed was mediated by intracellular CO and not by HO-1 itself. Moreover, CORM-2 decreased RES-stimulated mitochondrial quantity and respiration and increased the cytosolic protein expressions of radical-scavenging superoxide dismutases, SOD1 and SOD2. Taken together, our observations suggest that RES and intracellular CO act independently, at least partly, in attenuating cellular oxidative stress by promoting antioxidant enzyme expressions and inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in UVB-exposed keratinocytes.

scholarly journals Rosemary Diterpenes and Flavanone Aglycones Provide Improved Genoprotection against UV-Induced DNA Damage in a Human Skin Cell Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Sánchez-Marzo ◽  
Almudena Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Enrique Barrajón-Catalán ◽  
Julián Castillo ◽  
María Herranz-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Mitochondrial Depolarization ◽  
Skin Cell ◽  
Intracellular Ros

Overexposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the major cause of a variety of cutaneous disorders, including sunburn, photoaging, and skin cancers. UVB radiation (290–320 nm) causes multiple forms of DNA damage, p53 induction, protein and lipid oxidation, and the generation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). In recent years, botanicals containing polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as skin photoprotective agents have emerged. This study evaluated the protective effects of two formulations against UVB-induced damage in a skin cell model. One of the formulations (F2) contained a combination of citrus and olive extracts and the other one (F1) also contained a rosemary extract. The antioxidant capacity of both formulations was estimated by different in vitro methods, and the cell viability, intracellular ROS generation, mitochondrial depolarization, and DNA damage were studied in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes. Both formulations exerted photoprotective effects on skin cells and decreased mitochondrial depolarization and DNA damage. F1 which contained iridoids, rosemary diterpenes, glycosides and aglycones of citrus flavanones, and monohydroxylated flavones exhibited higher cellular photoprotective effects and mitochondrial membrane potential restoration, as well as an enhanced capacity to decrease DNA double strand breaks and the DNA damage response. In contrast, F2, which contained mostly iridoids, citrus flavanone aglycones, and mono- and dihydroxylated flavones, exhibited a higher capacity to decrease intracellular ROS generation and radical scavenging capacity related to metal ion chelation. Both formulations showed a similar capability to decrease the number of apoptotic cells upon UVB radiation. Based on our results and those of others, we postulate that the stronger capacity of F1 to protect against UVB-induced DNA damage in human keratinocytes is related to the presence of rosemary diterpenes and citrus flavanone aglycones. Nevertheless, the presence of the dihydroxylated flavones in F2 may contribute to inhibiting the generation of metal-related free radicals. To confirm the efficacy of these formulations as potential candidates for oral/topical photoprotection, human trials are required to circumvent the limitations of the cellular model.

scholarly journals Camu-Camu Fruit Extract Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses by Regulating NFAT and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in High Glucose-Induced Human Keratinocytes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3174
Author(s):  
Nhung Quynh Do ◽  
Shengdao Zheng ◽  
Bom Park ◽  
Quynh T. N. Nguyen ◽  
Bo-Ram Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Activated T Cells

Myrciaria dubia (HBK) McVaugh (camu-camu) belongs to the family Myrtaceae. Although camu-camu has received a great deal of attention for its potential pharmacological activities, there is little information on the anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects of camu-camu fruit in skin diseases. In the present study, we investigated the preventative effect of 70% ethanol camu-camu fruit extract against high glucose-induced human keratinocytes. High glucose-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was inhibited by camu-camu fruit treatment. In response to ROS reduction, camu-camu fruit modulated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathways related to inflammation by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, camu-camu fruit treatment activated the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and subsequently increased the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1) expression to protect keratinocytes against high-glucose-induced oxidative stress. These results indicate that camu-camu fruit is a promising material for preventing oxidative stress and skin inflammation induced by high glucose level.

Heme oxygenase attenuates allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in guinea pigs

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. L26-L34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid Almolki ◽  
Camille Taillé ◽  
Gillian F. Martin ◽  
Peter J. Jose ◽  
Christine Zedda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Mucus Secretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repeated Administrations ◽  
Tin Protoporphyrin

Heme oxygenase (HO), the heme-degrading enzyme, has shown anti-inflammatory effects in several models of pulmonary diseases. HO is induced in airways during asthma; however, its functional role is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the role of HO on airway inflammation [evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity and BAL levels of eotaxin, PGE2, and proteins], mucus secretion (evaluated by analysis of MUC5AC gene expression and periodic acid-Schiff staining), oxidative stress (evaluated by quantification of 4-hydroxynonenal adducts and carbonylated protein levels in lung homogenates), and airway responsiveness to histamine in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and multiple aerosol OVA or saline-challenged guinea pigs (6 challenges, once daily, OVA group and control group, respectively). Airway inflammation, mucus secretion, oxidative stress, and responsiveness were significantly increased in the OVA group compared with the control group. HO upregulation by repeated administrations of hemin (50 mg/kg ip) significantly decreased airway responsiveness in control animals and airway inflammation, mucus secretion, oxidative stress, and responsiveness in OVA animals. These effects were reversed by the concomitant administration of the HO inhibitor tin protoporphyrin-IX (50 μmol/kg ip). Repeated administrations of tin protoporphyrin-IX alone significantly increased airway responsiveness in control animals but did not modify airway inflammation, mucus secretion, oxidative stress, and responsiveness in OVA animals. These results suggest that upregulation of the HO pathway has a significant protective effect against airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, oxidative stress, and hyperresponsiveness in a model of allergic asthma in guinea pigs.

scholarly journals α1-Microglobulin (A1M) Protects Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells from Heme-Induced Damage In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Kristiansson ◽  
Sara Davidsson ◽  
Maria E. Johansson ◽  
Sarah Piel ◽  
Eskil Elmér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Human Proximal Tubule

Oxidative stress is associated with many renal disorders, both acute and chronic, and has also been described to contribute to the disease progression. Therefore, oxidative stress is a potential therapeutic target. The human antioxidant α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a plasma and tissue protein with heme-binding, radical-scavenging and reductase activities. A1M can be internalized by cells, localized to the mitochondria and protect mitochondrial function. Due to its small size, A1M is filtered from the blood into the glomeruli, and taken up by the renal tubular epithelial cells. A1M has previously been described to reduce renal damage in animal models of preeclampsia, radiotherapy and rhabdomyolysis, and is proposed as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of kidney damage. In this paper, we examined the in vitro protective effects of recombinant human A1M (rA1M) in human proximal tubule epithelial cells. Moreover, rA1M was found to protect against heme-induced cell-death both in primary cells (RPTEC) and in a cell-line (HK-2). Expression of stress-related genes was upregulated in both cell cultures in response to heme exposure, as measured by qPCR and confirmed with in situ hybridization in HK-2 cells, whereas co-treatment with rA1M counteracted the upregulation. Mitochondrial respiration, analyzed with the Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, was compromised following exposure to heme, but preserved by co-treatment with rA1M. Finally, heme addition to RPTE cells induced an upregulation of the endogenous cellular expression of A1M, via activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-pathway. Overall, data suggest that A1M/rA1M protects against stress-induced damage to tubule epithelial cells that, at least partly, can be attributed to maintaining mitochondrial function.

Phloroglucinol protects human keratinocytes from ultraviolet B radiation by attenuating oxidative stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 322-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Cheon Kim ◽  
Mei Jing Piao ◽  
Suk Ju Cho ◽  
Nam Ho Lee ◽  
Jin Won Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation

Photo-oxidative stress by ultraviolet-B radiation and antioxidative defense of eckstolonol in human keratinocytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 926-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyi Jang ◽  
Bo-Ram Ye ◽  
Soo-Jin Heo ◽  
Chulhong Oh ◽  
Do-Hyung Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Antioxidative Defense ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation

scholarly journals Melatonin and Its Metabolites Ameliorate UVR-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Human MNT-1 Melanoma Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Kleszczyński ◽  
Bernadetta Bilska ◽  
Agatha Stegemann ◽  
Damian Flis ◽  
Wieslaw Ziolkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uncoupling Of Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Uvb Exposure

Melatonin (Mel) is the major biologically active molecule secreted by the pineal gland. Mel and its metabolites, 6-hydroxymelatonin (6(OH)Mel) and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT), possess a variety of functions, including the scavenging of free radicals and the induction of protective or reparative mechanisms in the cell. Their amphiphilic character allows them to cross cellular membranes and reach subcellular organelles, including the mitochondria. Herein, the action of Mel, 6(OH)Mel, and 5-MT in human MNT-1 melanoma cells against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation was investigated. The dose of 50 mJ/cm2 caused a significant reduction of cell viability up to 48%, while investigated compounds counteracted this deleterious effect. UVB exposure increased catalase activity and led to a simultaneous Ca++ influx (16%), while tested compounds prevented these disturbances. Additional analysis focused on mitochondrial respiration performed in isolated mitochondria from the liver of BALB/cJ mice where Mel, 6(OH)Mel, and 5-MT significantly enhanced the oxidative phosphorylation at the dose of 10−6 M with lower effects seen at 10−9 or 10−4 M. In conclusion, Mel, 6(OH)Mel and 5-MT protect MNT-1 cells, which express melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) against UVB-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, including the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.

scholarly journals Antioxidative Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Astaxanthin on ARPE-19 Cells in an Oxidative Stress Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghyeon Oh ◽  
Young Joo Kim ◽  
Eun Kyoung Lee ◽  
Sung Wook Park ◽  
Hyeong Gon Yu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Antioxidative Effect ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Antioxidative Effects

Oxidative stress has been implicated as critical pathogenic factors contributing to the etiology of diabetic retinopathy and other retinal diseases. This study investigated antioxidative effect of ascorbic acid and astaxanthin on ARPE-19 cells within an oxidative stress model induced by common biological sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at concentrations of 0.1–0.8 mM and 20–100 mJ/cm2 of ultraviolet B (UVB) were treated to ARPE-19 cells. Cell viability and intracellular ROS level changes were measured. With the sublethal and lethal dose of each inducers, 0–750 μM of ascorbic acid and 0–40 μM of astaxanthin were treated to examine antioxidative effect on the model. Ascorbic acid at concentrations of 500 and 750 μM increased the cell viability not only in the UVB model but also in the H2O2 model, but 20 and 40 μM of astaxanthin only did so in the UVB model. The combination of ascorbic acid and astaxanthin showed better antioxidative effect compared to each drug alone, suggesting a synergistic effect.

Heme Oxygenase and Angiogenic Activity of Endothelial Cells: Stimulation by Carbon Monoxide and Inhibition by Tin Protoporphyrin-IX

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Józkowicz ◽  
Ihor Huk ◽  
Anneliese Nigisch ◽  
Guenter Weigel ◽  
Wolf Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Angiogenic Activity ◽  
Tin Protoporphyrin
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