scholarly journals Aralia continentalis kitagawa Extract Attenuates the Fatigue Induced by Exhaustive Exercise through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Kwon Yang ◽  
Sei-Jin Lee ◽  
Gareeballah Osman Adam ◽  
Shang-Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Aralia Continentalis ◽  
Fatigue Effect ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Lactate Levels

The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of Aralia continentalis kitagawa (AC) extract during exhaustive exercise of rats by forced swimming. Rats were subjected to forced swimming until exhausted after pre-treatment with AC extract for 21 days. Exhaustion time significantly increased in rats treated with AC extract. AC treatment also preserved blood homeostasis during fatigue due to exhaustive exercise. For fatigue-related serum biomarkers, AC extract significantly fail to decrease glucose and triglyceride (TG), but ameliorated increased lactate levels compared with levels in control rats. Metabolic acidosis, a major cause of fatigue, was effectively attenuated by AC extract, according to metabolic acidosis-related blood parameters. AC extract suppressed muscle injury and attenuated gastrocnemius muscle apoptotic responses due to exhaustive exercise. To investigate the mechanisms behind the AC extract anti-fatigue effect, we evaluated its effect on oxidative stress-related fatigue. We showed that pro-oxidants were inhibited, while antioxidants were preserved by AC extract treatment. Therefore, the anti-fatigue effect of AC extract was mediated by suppression of oxidative stress. Overall, the study demonstrated that AC extract effectively attenuates fatigue from exhaustive exercise through oxidative stress inhibition. AC extract, as an antioxidant, could be utilized as a therapeutic or preventive strategy against exhaustive exercise fatigue.

scholarly journals Hydralazine protects the heart against acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash Beikoghli Kalkhoran ◽  
Janos Kriston-Vizi ◽  
Sauri Hernandez-Resendiz ◽  
Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan ◽  
Ayeshah A Rosdah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Myocardial Infarct ◽  
Mitochondrial Fission ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Myocardial Infarct Size ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Apoptotic Effects

Abstract Aims Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial fission induced by acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size. The clinically used anti-hypertensive and heart failure medication, hydralazine, is known to have anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Here, we investigated whether hydralazine confers acute cardioprotection by inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Methods and results Pre-treatment with hydralazine was shown to inhibit both mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation induced by oxidative stress in HeLa cells. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), pre-treatment with hydralazine attenuated mitochondrial fission and cell death induced by oxidative stress, but this effect was absent in MEFs deficient in the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance studies demonstrated binding of hydralazine to the GTPase domain of the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1 (KD 8.6±1.0 µM), and inhibition of Drp1 GTPase activity in a dose-dependent manner. In isolated adult murine cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated IRI, hydralazine inhibited mitochondrial fission, preserved mitochondrial fusion events, and reduced cardiomyocyte death (hydralazine 24.7±2.5% vs. control 34.1±1.5%, P=0.0012). In ex vivo perfused murine hearts subjected to acute IRI, pre-treatment with hydralazine reduced myocardial infarct size (as % left ventricle: hydralazine 29.6±6.5% vs. vehicle control 54.1±4.9%, P=0.0083), and in the murine heart subjected to in vivo IRI, the administration of hydralazine at reperfusion, decreased myocardial infarct size (as % area-at-risk: hydralazine 28.9±3.0% vs. vehicle control 58.2±3.8%, P<0.001). Conclusion We show that, in addition to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, hydralazine, confers acute cardioprotection by inhibiting IRI-induced mitochondrial fission, raising the possibility of repurposing hydralazine as a novel cardioprotective therapy for improving post-infarction outcomes.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Oxidative Stress in Dental Pulp Cells Following 4-Hexylresorcinol Administration in a Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3637
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Chang ◽  
Dae-Won Kim ◽  
Seong-Gon Kim ◽  
Tae-Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Pulp Cells ◽  
Pre Treatment

Damaged dental pulp undergoes oxidative stress and 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) is a well-known antioxidant. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a 4HR ointment on damaged dental pulp. Pulp cells from rat mandibular incisor were cultured and treated with 4HR or resveratrol (1–100 μM). These treatments (10–100 μM) exerted a protective effect during subsequent hydrogen peroxide treatments. The total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly increased following 4HR or resveratrol treatment (p < 0.05), while the expression levels of TNF-α and IL1β were decreased following the exposure to 4HR pre-treatment in an in vitro model. Additionally, the application of 4HR ointment in an exposed dental pulp model significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL1β (p < 0.05). Conclusively, 4HR exerted protective effects against oxidative stress in dental pulp tissues through downregulating TNF-α and IL1β.

scholarly journals Selected Kefir Water from Malaysia Attenuates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress by Upregulating Endogenous Antioxidant Levels in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Muganti Rajah Kumar ◽  
Swee Keong Yeap ◽  
Han Chung Lee ◽  
Nurul Elyani Mohamad ◽  
Muhammad Nazirul Mubin Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Pre Treatment

Kefir, a fermented probiotic drink was tested for its potential anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects to attenuate cellular oxidative stress on human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Here, the antioxidant potentials of the six different kefir water samples were analysed by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assays, whereas the anti-apoptotic activity on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced SH-SY5Y cells was examined using MTT, AO/PI double staining, and PI/Annexin V-FITC assays. The surface and internal morphological features of SH-SY5Y cells were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that Kefir B showed the higher TPC (1.96 ± 0.54 µg GAE/µL), TFC (1.09 ± 0.02 µg CAT eq/µL), FRAP (19.68 ± 0.11 mM FRAP eq/50 µL), and DPPH (0.45 ± 0.06 mg/mL) activities compared to the other kefir samples. The MTT and PI/Annexin V-FITC assays showed that Kefir B pre-treatment at 10 mg/mL for 48 h resulted in greater cytoprotection (97.04%), and a significantly lower percentage of necrotic cells (7.79%), respectively. The Kefir B pre-treatment also resulted in greater protection to cytoplasmic and cytoskeleton inclusion, along with the conservation of the surface morphological features and the overall integrity of SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings indicate that the anti-oxidative, anti-apoptosis, and neuroprotective effects of kefir were mediated via the upregulation of SOD and catalase, as well as the modulation of apoptotic genes (Tp73, Bax, and Bcl-2).

scholarly journals In Vivo Protective Effects of Gallic Acid Isolated from Peltiphyllum Peltatum Against Sodium Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Erythrocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Fazel Nabavi ◽  
Solomon Habtemariam ◽  
Antoni Sureda ◽  
Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam ◽  
Maria Daglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Erythrocytes ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Gallic acid has been identified as an antioxidant component of the edible and medicinal plant Peltiphyllum peltatum. The present study examined its potential protective role against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes. Oxidative stress was induced by NaF administration through drinking water (1030.675 mg m-3 for one week). Gallic acid at 10 mg kg-1 and 20 mg kg-1 and vitamin C for positive controls (10 mg kg-1) were administered daily intraperitoneally for one week prior to NaF administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase), and the level of reduced glutathione were evaluated in rat erythrocytes. Lipid peroxidation in NaF-exposed rats significantly increased (by 88.8 %) when compared to the control group (p<0.05). Pre-treatment with gallic acid suppressed lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities and glutathione levels were reduced by NaF intoxication by 54.4 %, 63.69 %, and 42 % (p<0.001; vs. untreated control group), respectively. Pre-treatment with gallic acid or vitamin C significantly attenuated the deleterious effects. Gallic acid isolated from Peltiphyllum peltatum and vitamin C mitigated the NaF-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes.

The response of the kidney of the freshwater rainbow trout to true metabolic acidosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Kobayashi ◽  
C. M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Urinary Acid ◽  
Proton Load ◽  
Lactate Excretion

Infusion of lactic acid into the bloodstream of trout produced a short-lived depression of blood pH and a long-lasting elevation of blood lactate. The lactate injected was distributed in a volume of 198 ml/kg. Renal excretion of lactate anion and total acid increased by approximately equal amounts during the period of high blood lactate levels, but total renal loss over 72 h accounted for only 2% of the lactate load and 6% of the proton load. Comparable differences in the time courses of blood lactate and pH changes occurred when lactacidosis was induced endogenously by normocapnic hypoxia. The immediate response of the kidney was similar to that with lactic acid infusion, but there was a long-lasting (12–72 + h) elevation of urinary acid efflux that was not associated with lactate excretion. Following hypoxia, renal excretion over 72 h accounted for 1% of the estimated lactate load and 12–25% of the proton load. A renal lactate threshold of 4–10 muequiv/ml prevents significant urinary lactate excretion. The response of the trout kidney to true metabolic acidosis is similar to that of the mammalian kidney.

Molecular profile of oral fluid in new coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
F. N. Gilmiyarova ◽  
O. A. Gusyakova ◽  
D. Y. Konstantinov ◽  
I. A. Selezneva ◽  
I. A. Borodina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Lactate Levels

Oral fluid is an alternative biological material that confirms correlations with blood parameters in various pathological conditions of the body. In order to find a non-invasive approach to stratification of patients with COVID-19 disease, molecular biomarkers of the oral fluid have been determined in patients with moderate coronavirus infection in comparison with clinically healthy individuals. It has been shown that proteomic, carbohydrate, macro- and microelement profiles of the oral fluid in coronavirus infection can be used for diagnostics. The features of protein metabolism were revealed: an increase in the content of total protein, urea; increased activity of enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase; changes in carbohydrate metabolism, which is expressed by an increase in glucose and lactate levels, an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, iron content.

Integration of intestinal microbiota and metabonomic to elucidate different alleviation impacts of non-saponification and saponification astaxanthin pre-treatment on Paracetamol-induced oxidative stress in rats

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Song ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Zhe Jia ◽  
Xinyan Liu ◽  
Xiaoxia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

Intestinal microbiota and metabonomic were integrated to investigate the efficiency of non-saponification or saponification astaxanthin (N-Asta or S-Asta) derived from Penaeus sinensis by-products on alleviating paracetamol (PCM)-induced oxidative stress. Pre-treated...

Influence of exercise and fasting on blood parameters in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas): implications for health assessments

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
D. March ◽  
E. Ariel ◽  
D. Blyde ◽  
L. Christidis ◽  
B.P. Kelaher
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Health Assessments ◽  
Lactate Levels

This study investigated the influence of exercise and fasting state on haematologic and biochemical parameters in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Animals were divided into two groups; one group was fasted for 72 h and one group was fed 1 h prior to exercise. Exercise was induced by repeated righting reflexes and blood values were measured prior to and post-exercise. Prior to exercise, fasted animals showed significantly decreased levels of urea, pH, PVCO2 and HCO3- and significant increases in Cl- and PVO2, compared to fed animals and fasted animals had significantly poorer exercise performance. Following exercise both fasted and fed animals had significant increases in Na+, K+, Cl-, PVCO2, PVO2, urea and lactate and significant decreases in pH and HCO3-. The magnitude of increase in lactate levels was significantly less in fasted animals. Prior to exercise, a significant correlation was calculated in fasted animals between pH and HCO3-. Following exercise, significant correlations were calculated in fed animals between pH and HCO3-, PVCO2 and lactate, and between pH and HCO3- in fasted animals. These results show that analytical method, fasting state and the physiologic changes induced during the intense exercise can affect haematologic and biochemical analytes and these factors should be considered when interpreting results from health assessment of wild animals.

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