Antibacterial and Osteoconductive Effects of Chitosan/Polyethylene Oxide (PEO)/Bioactive Glass Nanofibers for Orthopedic Applications

This study investigated the efficiency of chitosan/polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based nanofibers with incorporated bioactive glass particles as a coating for titanium alloy, in order to improve the bacteriostatic behavior and, concurrently, promote the production of mineralized tissue. Nanofibers with and without bioglass powder were fabricated by electrospinning technique and characterized using several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques in order to study their morphological and physiochemical properties. Subsequently, the substrates were tested in vitro against Staphylococcus epidermidis and SaOS-2 human osteosarcoma cell line. After in vitro testing, viability and CFU counting assays combined with fluorescence microscopy showed a clear decrease in bacterial growth on all substrates with increasing time. However, this trend was stronger for substrates coated with nanofibers. Formation of mineralized matrix upon exposure to osteoblasts was confirmed by means of SEM/EDX and the content/distribution of osteocalcin and osteopontin estimated by fluorescence microscopy. Incorporation of bioglass promoted biomineralization and stimulated osteoblasts to produce a higher amount of bone extracellular matrix. The present results suggest that a chitosan/PEO/bioactive glass nanofiber composite applied as coating on titanium alloys could concurrently improve antibacterial and osteoconductive properties and could be a potential candidate for dental and orthopedic applications.

Download Full-text

Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterization of SiO2-CaO-P2O5-SrO Bioactive Glass: In Vitro Study

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.631.30 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 631 ◽

pp. 30-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Solgi ◽

M. Shahrezaee ◽

A. Zamanian ◽

T.S. Jafarzadeh Kashi ◽

Majid Raz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Mtt Assay ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Glass Network ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Osteosarcoma Cell ◽

Three Samples ◽

Human Osteosarcoma Cell ◽

Sol Gel Synthesis

Bioactive glass of the type CaO–SrO–P2O5–SiO2was obtained by the sol-gel processing method. Three samples containing 0 mol%, 5 mol% and 10 mol% of SrO were synthesized. The obtained bioactive glasses were characterized by the techniques such as, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the effect of SrO/CaO substitution on in vitro biological properties of the synthesized glasses were evaluated and biocompatibility of the samples was measured using MTT assay. The results showed that incorporation of Sr in the obtained glass network did not result in any structural alteration of it due to the similar role of SrO compared with that of CaO. In vitro experiments with human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63) and MTT assay indicated that bioactive glass incorporating 5 mol% of Sr in the composition is non-toxic and revealed good biocompatibility.

Download Full-text

Anti-Metastatic and Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Curcumin Analog DK1 on Human Osteosarcoma Cells In Vitro

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14060532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 532

Author(s):

Muhammad Nazirul Mubin Aziz ◽

Nurul Fattin Che Rahim ◽

Yazmin Hussin ◽

Swee Keong Yeap ◽

Mas Jaffri Masarudin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Safety Profile ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Tube Formation ◽

Osteosarcoma Cell ◽

Curcumin Analog ◽

Human Osteosarcoma ◽

Human Osteosarcoma Cells ◽

Human Osteosarcoma Cell

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a life-threatening malignant bone tumor associated with poor prognosis among children. The survival rate of the patient is still arguably low even with intensive treatment provided, plus with the inherent side effects from the chemotherapy, which gives more unfavorable outcomes. Hence, the search for potent anti-osteosarcoma agent with promising safety profile is still on going. Natural occurring substance like curcumin has gained a lot of attention due to its splendid safety profile as well as it pharmacological advantages such as anti-metastasis and anti-angiogenesis. However, natural curcumin was widely known for its poor cellular uptake, which undermines all potential that it possesses. This prompted the development of synthetically synthesized curcuminoid analog, known as (Z)-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2- en-1-one (DK1). In this present study, in vitro scratch assay, transwell migration/invasion assay, HUVEC tube formation assay, and ex vivo rat aortic ring assays were performed in order to investigate the anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic potential of DK1. For further comprehension of DK1 mechanism on human osteosarcoma cell lines, microarray gene expression analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and proteome profiler were adopted, providing valuable forecast from the expression of important genes and proteins related to metastasis and angiogenesis. Based on the data gathered from the bioassays, DK1 was able to inhibit the metastasis and angiogenesis of human osteosarcoma cell lines by significantly reducing the cell motility, number of migrated and invaded cells as well as the tube formation and micro-vessels sprouting. Additionally, DK1 also has significantly regulated several cancer pathways involved in OS proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis such as PI3K/Akt and NF-κB in both U-2 OS and MG-63. Regulation of PI3K/Akt caused up-regulation of genes related to metastasis inhibition, namely, PTEN, FOXO, PLK3, and GADD45A. Meanwhile, NF-κB pathway was regulated by mitigating the expression of NF-κB activator such as IKBKB and IKBKE in MG-63, whilst up-regulating the expression of NF-κB inhibitors such as NFKBIA and NFKBIE in U-2 OS. Finally, DK1 also has successfully hindered the metastatic and angiogenic capability of OS cell lines by down-regulating the expression of pro-metastatic genes and proteins like MMP3, COL11A1, FGF1, Endoglin, uPA, and IGFBP2 in U-2 OS. Whilst for MG-63, the significantly down-regulated oncogenes were Serpin E1, AKT2, VEGF, uPA, PD-ECGF, and Endoglin. These results suggest that curcumin analog DK1 may serve as a potential new anti-osteosarcoma agent due to its anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic attributes.

Download Full-text

A natural product phillygenin suppresses osteosarcoma growth and metastasis by regulating the SHP-1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1093/bbb/zbaa007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 307-314

Author(s):

Xiaomin Ding ◽

Danqing Lu ◽

Jianbo Fan

Keyword(s):

Cell Growth ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Janus Kinase ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Osteosarcoma Cell ◽

Cancer Cell Growth ◽

Functional Roles ◽

Stat3 Signaling ◽

Stat3 Signaling Pathway

ABSTRACT Osteosarcoma represents one of the most devastating cancers due to its high metastatic potency and fatality. Osteosarcoma is insensitive to traditional chemotherapy. Identification of a small molecule that blocks osteosarcoma progression has been a challenge in drug development. Phillygenin, a plant-derived tetrahydrofurofuran lignin, has shown to suppress cancer cell growth and inflammatory response. However, how phillygenin plays functional roles in osteosarcoma has remained unveiled. In this study, we showed that phillygenin inhibited osteosarcoma cell growth and motility in vitro. Further mechanistic studies indicated that phillygenin blocked STAT3 signaling pathway. Phillygenin led to significant downregulation of Janus kinase 2 and upregulation of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1. Gene products of STAT3 regulating cell survival and invasion were also inhibited by phillygenin. Therefore, our studies provided the first evidence that phillygenin repressed osteosarcoma progression by interfering STAT3 signaling pathway. Phillygenin is a potential candidate in osteosarcoma therapy.

Download Full-text

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Combined with a New Strontium-Enriched Bioactive Glass: An ex-vivo Model for Bone Regeneration

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12213633 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 3633 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Devis Bellucci ◽

Elena Veronesi ◽

Valentina Strusi ◽

Tiziana Petrachi ◽

Alba Murgia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽

Cellular Model ◽

Ex Vivo Model ◽

Bone Differentiation ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Orthopedic Applications ◽

First Time

A 3D cellular model that mimics the potential clinical application of a biomaterial is here applied for the first time to a bioactive glass, in order to assess its biological potential. A recently developed bioactive glass (BGMS10), whose composition contained strontium and magnesium, was produced in the form of granules and fully investigated in terms of biocompatibility in vitro. Apart from standard biological characterization (Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) testing and biocompatibility as per ISO10993), human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (BM-MSCs) were used to investigate the performance of the bioactive glass granules in an innovative 3D cellular model. The results showed that BGMS10 supported human BM-MSCs adhesion, colonization, and bone differentiation. Thus, bioactive glass granules seem to drive osteogenic differentiation and thus look particularly promising for orthopedic applications, bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Download Full-text

Formononetin Induces Apoptosis of Human Osteosarcoma Cell Line U2OS by Regulating the Expression of Bcl-2, Bax and MiR-375 In Vitro and In Vivo

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000430220 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 933-939 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Wei Hu ◽

ZengMing Xiao

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Cell Apoptosis ◽

Osteosarcoma Cell Line ◽

Osteosarcoma Cell ◽

Human Osteosarcoma Cell Line ◽

Human Osteosarcoma ◽

Human Osteosarcoma Cell ◽

U2os Cells

Background/Aims: Phytoestrogens are known to prevent tumor progression by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Formononetin is one of the main components of red clover plants, and is considered as a typical phytoestrogen. This study investigates formononetin induction of apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS by regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression in vitro and in vivo. Methods: U2OS cells were treated with different concentrations of formononetin and the proliferation of the cells was measured using an MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. The levels of miR-375, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression in treated cells were determined by Western blot and RT-PCR. The antitumor activity of formononetin was also evaluated in vivo in nude mice bearing orthotopic tumor implants. Results: High concentrations of formononetin significantly suppress the proliferation of U2OS cells and induce cell apoptosis. Moreover, compared to control group the expression of Bcl-2 and miR-375 decreases with formononetin in the U2OS cells, while Bax increases. Conclusion: Formononetin has inhibitory effects on the proliferation of U2SO cells, both in vitro and in vivo. This antitumor effect is directly correlated with formononetin concentration.

Download Full-text

The bisphosphonate pamidronate is a potent inhibitor of human osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro

Anti-Cancer Drugs ◽

10.1097/00001813-200106000-00007 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 459-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Jürgen Sonnemann ◽

Vera Eckervogt ◽

Borna Truckenbrod ◽

Joachim Boos ◽

Winfried Winkelmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Growth ◽

Potent Inhibitor ◽

Osteosarcoma Cell ◽

Human Osteosarcoma ◽

Human Osteosarcoma Cell

Download Full-text

In vitro differentiation of the human osteosarcoma cell lines, HOS and KHOS

Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology Including Molecular Pathology ◽

10.1007/bf02899683 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 199-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tohru Ikeda ◽

Yutaka Futaesaku ◽

Nobuo Tsuchida

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Osteosarcoma Cell ◽

In Vitro Differentiation ◽

Human Osteosarcoma ◽

Human Osteosarcoma Cell

Download Full-text

Physical Properties and Biological Performance of Bioactive Glasses and Glass-Ceramics Tested In Vitro

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.85 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 493-494 ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Viorica Simon ◽

R. Ciceo Lucacel ◽

I. Titorencu ◽

V. Jinga

Keyword(s):

Cellular Response ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

Soda Lime ◽

Osteosarcoma Cell ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Human Osteosarcoma Cell ◽

Biological Performance

Lime phosphosilicate and soda lime phosphosilicate glasses prepared by sol-gel method were precursors of bioactive glass-ceramics. The structure of the samples and the distribution of the [SiO4] units was investigated by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Human osteosarcoma cell line (MG63) was used for the in vitro cellular response. DNA staining (Hoechst 33258) assay was performed for assessing samples colonization.

Download Full-text

The Influence of Elementary Silver Versus Titanium on Osteoblasts Behaviour In Vitro Using Human Osteosarcoma Cell Lines

Sarcoma ◽

10.1155/2007/26539 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Jendrik Hardes ◽

Arne Streitburger ◽

Helmut Ahrens ◽

Thomas Nusselt ◽

Carsten Gebert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Cell Function ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Proliferation Rate ◽

Osteosarcoma Cell ◽

Human Osteosarcoma ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Human Osteosarcoma Cell ◽

Experimental Trials

Purpose. The antimicrobial effect of a silver-coated tumor endoprosthesis has been proven in clinical and experimental trials. However, in the literature there are no reports concerning the effect of elementary silver on osteoblast behaviour. Therefore, the prosthetic stem was not silver-coated because of concerns regarding a possible inhibition of the osseointegration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 5–25 mg of elementary silver in comparison to Ti-6Al-4V on human osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS- 58, SAOS).Methods. Cell viability was determined by measuring the MTT proliferation rate. Cell function was studied by measuring alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and osteocalcine production.Results. In the HOS-58 cells, the AP activity was statistically significant(P<0.05)higher at a supplement of 5–10 mg of silver than of Ti-6 Al-4V at the same doses. For both cell lines, a supplement above 10 mg of silver resulted in a reduced AP activity in comparision to the Ti-6 Al-4V group, but a statistically significant difference(P<0.05)was observed at a dose of 25 mg for the SAOS cells only. At doses of 20–25 mg in the HOS-58 cells and 10–25 mg in the SAOS cells, the reduction of the proliferation rate by silver was statistically significant(P<0.05)compared to the Ti-6 Al-4V supplement.Discussion. In conclusion, elementary silver exhibits no cytotoxicity at low concentrations. In contrast, it seems to be superior to Ti-6 Al-4V concerning the stimulation of osteogenic maturation at these concentrations, whereas at higher doses it causes the known cytotoxic properties.

Download Full-text