scholarly journals A Study on the Influence of the Cross-Sectional Shape of the Metal-Inserted Retainer Ring and the Pressure Distribution from the Multi-Zone Carrier Head to Increase the Wafer Yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8362
Author(s):  
Joon-Yeon Park ◽  
Je-Heon Han ◽  
Changwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape

In this paper, for the purpose of increasing the wafer yield by controlling the non-uniformity of the material removal rate during the chemical mechanical polishing process, the influence of the cross-sectional shape of the metal-inserted retainer ring and the pressure distribution on the wafer and the retainer ring generated from the multi-zone carrier head are investigated. First, in order to verify the finite element analysis model, it is correlated using the test data. By using a validated finite element model, simulation studies involving several parameters are performed to reduce the irregularity in the wafer: (1) tapered bottom of the retainer ring, (2) machining round corners at the bottom of the retainer ring, (3) the changes in pressure applied to the wafer, (4) the changes in pressure applied to the retainer ring.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pressure Distribution in Transfemoral Prosthetic Socket for Prefabrication Evaluation via the Finite Element Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Mohd Syahmi Jamaludin ◽  
Akihiko Hanafusa ◽  
Yamamoto Shinichirou ◽  
Yukio Agarie ◽  
Hiroshi Otsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Prosthetic Socket

In this study, we estimated and validated the pressure distribution profile between the residuum and two types of prosthetic sockets for transfemoral amputees by utilizing a finite element analysis. Correct shaping of the socket for an appropriate load distribution is a critical process in the design of lower-limb prosthesis sockets. The pressure distribution profile provides an understanding of the relationship between the socket design and the level of subject comfortability. Estimating the pressure profile is important, as it helps improve the prosthesis through an evaluation of the socket design before it undergoes the fabrication process. This study focused on utilizing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based three-dimensional (3D) model inside a predetermined finite element simulation. The simulation was predetermined by mimicking the actual socket-fitting environment. The results showed that the potential MRI-based 3D model simulation could be used as an estimation tool for a pressure distribution profile due to the high correlation coefficient value (R2 > 0.8) calculated when the pressure profiles were compared to the experiment data. The simulation also showed that the pressure distribution in the proximal area was higher (~30%) than in the distal area of the prosthetic socket for every subject. The results of this study will be of tremendous interest for fabricators through the use of a finite element model as an alternative method for the prefabrication and evaluation of prosthetic sockets. In future prosthetic socket fabrications, less intervention will be required in the development of a socket, and the participation of the subject in the socket-fitting session will not be necessary. The results suggest that this study will contribute to expanding the development of an overall prefabrication evaluation system to allow healthcare providers and engineers to simulate the fit and comfort of transfemoral prosthetics.

A Comparison Between Three- and Two-Dimensional Thermal Finite Element Analysis of the Gas Metal Arc Welding Process

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad S. Davoud ◽  
Xiaomin Deng
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
2D Model

Predictions of transient temperature distributions in welding can help the selection of welding process parameters that minimize residual stresses. A three-dimensional (3D) thermal finite element model of bead-on-plate gas metal are welding (GMAW) is presented and is used to evaluate a cross-sectional, two-dimensional (2D) counterpart model. While the thermomechanical problem of welding is 3D in nature, it is shown that the 2D model can provide temperature field predictions comparable to those of the 3D model, even though the 2D model tends to predict peak temperatures higher than those of the 3D model. Both types of model predictions are compared to welding test measurements.

Process Characterization of Sheet Metal Spinning by Means of Finite Elements

2007 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Sebastiani ◽  
Alexander Brosius ◽  
Werner Homberg ◽  
Matthias Kleiner
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Axially Symmetric ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Process Characterization ◽  
Metal Spinning

Sheet Metal Spinning is a flexible manufacturing process for axially-symmetric hollow components. While the process itself is already known for centuries, process planning is still based on undocumented expertise, thus requiring specialized craftsmen for new process layouts. Current process descriptions indicate a vast scope of different dynamic influences while the underlying mechanical model uses a simple static approach. Thus, a 3D Finite Element Model of the process has been set up at IUL in order to analyze the process in detail, providing online as well as cross sectional data of the specimen formed. Within the scope of this article, the results of the above mentioned Finite Element Analysis (FEA) are presented and discussed with respect to the qualitative stress distributions introduced in the existing theoretical models. Main emphasis of this paper is set on a discussion of the qualitative stress distribution, which is, to the current state, only known in theory.

scholarly journals Analytical Model of a Multi-Step Straightening Process for Linear Guideways Considering Neutral Axis Deviation

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongquan Zhang ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
He Ling ◽  
Yang Lian ◽  
Mingtian Ma
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Neutral Axis ◽  
Longitudinal Stress ◽  
Linear Superposition ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape

The cross-sectional shape of a linear guideway has been processed before the straightening process. The cross-section features influence not only the position of the neutral axis, but also the applied and residual stresses along the longitudinal direction, especially in a multi-step straightening process. This paper aims to present an analytical model based on elasto-plastic theory and three-point reverse bending theory to predict straightening stroke and longitudinal stress distribution during the multi-step straightening process of linear guideways. The deviation of the neutral axis is first analyzed considering the asymmetrical features of the cross-section. Owing to the cyclic loading during the multi-step straightening process, the longitudinal stress curves are then calculated using the linear superposition of stresses. Based on the cross-section features and the superposition of stresses, the bending moment is corrected to improve the predictive accuracy of the multi-step straightening process. Finite element analysis, as well as straightening experiments, have been performed to verify the applicability of the analytical model. The proposed approach can be implemented in the multi-step straightening process of linear guideways with similar cross-sectional shape to improve the straightening accuracy.

Car Seat Backrest Static Strength Experiment and Simulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 16-19 ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Wei Xu ◽  
Zhong Qi Sheng ◽  
Hong Hong Zhang ◽  
Yong Xian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Static Strength ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Model And Simulation ◽  
The Cost

According to the characteristics of car seat structure and the distribution of car seat load, the finite element static strength model of the car seat is constructed in this paper. The model contains shell elements and beam elements. Some seat structure elements such as welding connection, screw connection, pin connection are simplified in the model. Simulation analysis of the static characteristics of car seat backrest frame model is carried out. At the same time, the experimental research on the static strength characteristics of the back seat is made by the measurements of non-electric physical quantities. By comparing and analyzing the results of experiment and computer simulation of seat static strength, the practicability and credibility of the seat static finite element analysis model and simplified model constructed in this paper are verified. It also proves that the simulation of various connecting forms of the seat structure is effective and is a reliable method in the structural design of the car seat. The model and simulation of the car seat can reduce the cost and shorten the design period.

Investigation of Broken Cut Spikes on Elastic Fastener Tie Plates Using an Integrated Simulation Method

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Gao ◽  
Mike McHenry ◽  
Brad Kerchof
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
Track System ◽  
High Degree

Cut spike fasteners, used with conventional AREMA rolled tie plates and solid sawn timber ties, are the most common tie and fastener system used on North American freight railroads. Cut spikes are also used to restrain tie plates that incorporate an elastic rail fastener — that is, an elastic clip that fastens the rail to the tie plate. Elastic fasteners have been shown to reduce gage widening and decrease the potential for rail roll compared to cut spike-only systems. For this reason, elastic fastener systems have been installed in high degree curves on many railroads. Recent observations on one Class I railroad have noted broken cut spikes when used with these types of tie plates in mountainous, high degree curve territory. Broken screw spikes and drive spikes on similar style plates have also been observed. In this paper, a simulation method that integrates a vehicle-track system dynamics model, NUCARS®, with a finite element analysis model is used to investigate the root causes of the broken spikes. The NUCARS model consists of a detailed multibody train, wheel-rail contact parameters, and track model that can estimate the dynamic loading environment of the fastening system. For operating conditions in tangent and curve track, this loading environment is then replicated in a finite element model of the track structure — ties, tie plates, and cut spikes. The stress contours of the cut spikes generated in these simulations are compared to how cut spikes have failed in revenue service. The tuning and characterization of both the vehicle dynamics multibody model and the finite element models are presented. Additionally, the application of this approach to other types of fastening systems and spike types is discussed. Preliminary results have identified a mechanism involving the dynamic unloading of the tie plate-to-tie interface due to rail uplift ahead of the wheel and the resulting transfer of net longitudinal and lateral forces into the cut spikes. Continued analysis will attempt to confirm this mechanism and will focus on the severity of these stresses, the effect of increased grade, longitudinal train dynamics, braking forces, and curvature.

scholarly journals Influence of nickel-titanium rotary systems with varying cross-sectional, pitch, and rotational speed on deflection and cyclic fatigue: a finite element analysis study

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Wignyo Hadriyanto ◽  
Lukita Wardani ◽  
Christina Nugrohowati ◽  
Ananto Alhasyimi ◽  
Rachmat Sriwijaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Section Design ◽  
Sectional Shape

The effectiveness of endodontic file preparation depends, among others, on the material, geometric shape, and the drive system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of cross-sectional, pitch, and rotational speed on cyclic fatigue and deflection of NiTi files using finite element analyses. A total of 18 NiTi endodontic rotary instruments ProTaper Gold F2 #25.08 and Hyflex CM #25.04 (n=9) modeling were designed using Autodesk software. Subjects were divided into two groups, the design group of square and convex triangles. Static simulation was then carried out to each group with force on the instrument’s tip by 1N, 2N, and 3N. The file’s cycling fatigue was analyzed at rotating speeds of 200 rpm, 300 rpm, and 400. The data were analyzed by using the three-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by LSD (p< 0.05). The results showed the cross-sectional shape and force effect on the deflection value and cyclic fatigue received by the endodontic files (p< 0.05). The convex triangle design presented the lowest cyclic fatigue than square. The convex triangular cross-section design showed a higher deflection value than the square cross-section design.

Design Innovation Size and Shape Optimization of a 1.0mm Multifunctional Forceps-Scissors Surgical Instrument

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton E. Aguirre ◽  
Mary Frecker
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
The Cross

A size and shape optimization routine is developed for a 1.0mm diameter multifunctional instrument for minimally invasive surgery. The instrument is a compliant mechanism capable of both grasping and cutting. Multifunctional instruments are expected to be beneficial in the operating room because of their ability to perform multiple surgical tasks, thereby decreasing the total number of instrument exchanges in a single procedure. With fewer instrument exchanges, the risk of inadvertent tissue trauma as well as overall surgical time and costs are reduced. The focus of this paper is to investigate the performance effects of allowing the cross-sectional area along the length of the device to vary. This investigation is accomplished by defining various cross-sectional segments in terms of parametric variables and optimizing the dimensions of the instrument to provide a sufficient opening of the forceps jaws while maintaining adequate cutting and grasping forces. Two optimization problems are considered. First, all parametric segments are set equal to one another to achieve size optimization. Second, each segment is allowed to vary independently, thereby achieving shape optimization. Large deformation finite element analysis and optimization are conducted using ANSYS®. Finally, prototypes are fabricated using wire EMD and experiments are conducted to evaluate the instrument performance. As a result of allowing the cross-sectional area to vary, i.e., conducting shape optimization, the forceps and scissors blocked forces increased by as much as 83.2% and 87%, respectively. During prototype evaluations, it is found that the finite element analysis predictions were within 10% of the measured tool performance. Therefore, for this application, it is concluded that performing shape optimization does significantly influence the performance of the instrument.

Study on 3-D Finite Element Analysis of Earth Dam

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 3489-3494
Author(s):  
Ying Bin Kang ◽  
Ying Bin Kang ◽  
Hui Xia Bian ◽  
Jian Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Practical Project

In this paper, the characteristics of the two software ANSYS and FLAC are analyzed. Using the powerful preprocessing capabilities of ANSYS, the earth dam is analyzed by finite element method. And then, the analysis model by the FISH language is imported into FLAC, with the constitutive model and the completed finite element model, the model analysis and processing are studied. Practical project is dam seepage and stability analysis to verify the reliability of the method.

Analysis of Crankshaft Fatigue Strength Based on Integrated Finite Element Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 1558-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Chen ◽  
Ru Fu Hu ◽  
Shu Hua Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Fatigue Limit ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Complex Mechanical Systems ◽  
Multi Body

Aiming at the complex mechanical systems for the prediction of the fatigue limit load requirements, this paper examines the relationship among finite element analysis model and the performance models. And a finite element modeling method for fatigue analysis is proposed. The finite element model can support static, modal, fatigue, and multi-body dynamic response analysis in parallel and collaboration. This method helps improve the fatigue limit load analysis.

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