scholarly journals The Possibility to Recreate the Shapes of Objects on the Basis of Printer Vibration in the Additive Printing Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5305
Author(s):  
Andrzej Stańczak ◽  
Ireneusz Kubiak ◽  
Artur Przybysz ◽  
Anna Witenberg
Keyword(s):  
Patent Protection ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Laser Printer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Commercial Secret ◽  
3D Printers

Information protection is an important safety issue in many human activity fields. Technological advances and related ubiquitous computerization bring new challenges in this area. In particular, the problem concerns the protection of devices against non-invasive acquisition processed information in ICT systems. It is known that, e.g., VGA, DVI/HDMI interfaces or laser printer formatter systems that process visual signals are the effective sources of compromising electromagnetic emanations. The emission safety of the more and more commonly used 3D printers is less known. In many cases, the disclosure of information about printed objects might constitute an infringement of the state/industrial/commercial secret, copyright, patent protection, etc. In order to analyze the existing threat, a selected printer using FDM technology was tested. During the tests, simple objects were printed to identify the operation of the stepper motor and the movements of the printer head and the printer platform, which are sources of emissions in the secondary channels. The analyses performed focused on finding the correlation between the recorded vibration signals and the printer head movements when an object was printed. It was shown that the analysis of the registered sensitive signal runtimes and their spectrograms allowed to recreate the printed object shape. Three simple objects (a trihedron, a tube and a tetrahedron) were selected for testing because they include elements that allow the four major movements of the printer head to be easily recognized: along the X axis, along the Y axis, along an arc and diagonally (between the X and Y axes). The paper presents the test results and their analyses.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Acoustic Sounds from 3D Printers in an Eavesdropping Process and Reconstruction of Printed Shapes

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Kubiak ◽  
Artur Przybysz ◽  
Andrzej Stańczak
Keyword(s):  
Safety Issue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electromagnetic Emission ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
Video Signals ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Study Results ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Motor Operation

Information protection is an essential safety issue in many human activity fields. The development of computerisation (informatisation) brings new challenges in the area of non-invasive information processing in information technology (IT) systems. The known fact is that VGA, DVI/HDMI interfaces, for example, or formatter systems of laser printers that process video signals are sources of effective disclosing electromagnetic emission. Emission safety of the more and more common three-dimensional (3D) printers is less known. The selected 3D printer with the ME3DP (Material Extrusion 3D Printing) technology was tested to analyse the existing risk. Simple objects were printed during its operation to identify the stepping motor operation that are emission sources in the secondary channels. The analysis carried out focused on finding the correlation between the registered emissions and the printer head (printhead) movements when printing an object. It was shown that the analysis of the registered sensitive signal runtimes and their spectrograms allows us to recreate the printed object shape. The studies focused on measuring the acoustic signals that came from the stepping motors. The analysis of the possibilities of identifying the shapes of printed objects was based on the visual method. The article presents the study results and their analyses.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Possibility of Translating Technological Advances in Non-Invasive Continuous Lactate Monitoring into Critical Care

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Robert D. Crapnell ◽  
Ascanio Tridente ◽  
Craig E. Banks ◽  
Nina C. Dempsey-Hibbert
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technological Advances

Lactate is widely measured in critically ill patients as a robust indicator of patient deterioration and response to treatment. Plasma concentrations represent a balance between lactate production and clearance. Analysis has typically been performed with the aim of detecting tissue hypoxia. However, there is a diverse range of processes unrelated to increased anaerobic metabolism that result in the accumulation of lactate, complicating clinical interpretation. Further, lactate levels can change rapidly over short spaces of time, and even subtle changes can reflect a profound change in the patient’s condition. Hence, there is a significant need for frequent lactate monitoring in critical care. Lactate monitoring is commonplace in sports performance monitoring, given the elevation of lactate during anaerobic exercise. The desire to continuously monitor lactate in athletes has led to the development of various technological approaches for non-invasive, continuous lactate measurements. This review aims firstly to reflect on the potential benefits of non-invasive continuous monitoring technology within the critical care setting. Secondly, we review the current devices used to measure lactate non-invasively outside of this setting and consider the challenges that must be overcome to allow for the translation of this technology into intensive care medicine. This review will be of interest to those developing continuous monitoring sensors, opening up a new field of research.

Advances in the Application of the Dual Fluoroscopic Imaging System in Sports Medicine: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2067-2076
Author(s):  
Cui Zhang ◽  
Xiaole Sun ◽  
Yunqi Tang ◽  
Shaobai Wang ◽  
Dongqiang Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ligament Strain ◽  
Fluoroscopic Imaging ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom

The dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) is a new non-invasive motion analysis system that does not interfere with movement, has high precision and repeatability and is not affected by the errors caused by the relative movement of skin and soft tissues. DFIS has been recently used in the field of sports medicine. This narrative review focuses on relevant literature on the origin, development and mechanism of action of DFIS and summarises the application of DFIS in injury and rehabilitation treatment, such as the reliability of test results; the position relationships of bony structures in the shoulder, lumbar spine, knee joint and ankle joint during exercise and its six degree-of-freedom (6DOF) movement to calculate cartilage deformation, contact area/trajectory and ligament strain. This article puts forward the problems encountered in practice that need to be solved and looks forward to the future applications of DFIS in the field of sports, especially in injury prevention and treatment.

Non-Invasive Data Acquisition and Measurement in Bio-Medical Technology

2016 ◽  
pp. 27-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Sandeep Patil ◽  
Ajit N. Babu ◽  
P. S. Ramkumar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Technology Trends

Non-invasive medical measurements have expanded into several types of diagnostic and monitoring activities in health care delivery. They are being used in handling a number of non-infectious diseases such as diabetes, asthma, hypertension, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, etc., as well as infectious diseases such as cholera, malaria, etc.. Non-Invasive Medical Devices (NIMDs) are naturally preferred over invasive methods considering patient convenience, reduced patient risk, increased speed, and operational simplicity. However non-invasive methods are often perceived to be less accurate than their invasive counterparts. Over the last decade, technological advances and mathematical techniques have improved significantly, challenging this perception across the board. The chapter will discuss this important transformation in health care diagnostics and monitoring. The chapter will also provide further insight into some of the currently available non-invasive measurement products and explore how futuristic techniques and technology trends which have great potential to transform healthcare into a significantly different paradigm than the one we experience today.

scholarly journals Harmonizing technological advances in phenomics and genomics for enhanced salt tolerance in rice from a practical perspective

Rice ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Jaiswal ◽  
R. K. Gautam ◽  
R. K. Singh ◽  
S. L. Krishnamurthy ◽  
S. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Holistic Review ◽  
Classical Work ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Made In

AbstractHalf of the global human population is dependent on rice as a staple food crop and more than 25% increase in rice productivity is required to feed the global population by 2030. With increase in irrigation, global warming and rising sea level, rising salinity has become one of the major challenges to enhance the rice productivity. Since the loss on this account is to the tune of US$12 billion per annum, it necessitates the global attention. In the era of technological advancement, substantial progress has been made on phenomics and genomics data generation but reaping benefit of this in rice salinity variety development in terms of cost, time and precision requires their harmonization. There is hardly any comprehensive holistic review for such combined approach. Present review describes classical salinity phenotyping approaches having morphological, physiological and biochemical components. It also gives a detailed account of invasive and non-invasive approaches of phenomic data generation and utilization. Classical work of rice salinity QLTs mapping in the form of chromosomal atlas has been updated. This review describes how QTLs can be further dissected into QTN by GWAS and transcriptomic approaches. Opportunities and progress made by transgenic, genome editing, metagenomics approaches in combating rice salinity problems are discussed. Major aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive over-view of hitherto progress made in rice salinity tolerance research which is required to understand bridging of phenotype based breeding with molecular breeding. This review is expected to assist rice breeders in their endeavours by fetching greater harmonization of technological advances in phenomics and genomics for better pragmatic approach having practical perspective.

scholarly journals Women’s Experience with Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing and Emotional Well-being and Satisfaction after Test-Results

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1348-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachèl V. van Schendel ◽  
◽  
G. C. M. Lieve Page-Christiaens ◽  
Lean Beulen ◽  
Caterina M. Bilardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Women's Experience

scholarly journals Soil-concrete for use in the 3D printers in the construction of buildings and structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Iubin ◽  
Lubov Zakrevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flow Table ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Cost

Nowadays, the construction of cement composite using 3D printers is considered one of the most promising methods of automation of building processes. However, the compositions of cement composites have several disadvantages, such as high cost, short workability and etc. It has been suggested that clay soil as an additive will help to solve these problems partially. The aim of the work is development the cement compositions with clay soil, for use in 3D printers to construction. The composite consists of cement paste with clay soil and additives. To study printability of a composite the rheological properties in a fresh state were studied. The study of the rheological properties of composites was carried out using a flow table test for mortar. The key factor for determining the suitability of the composite for printing was accepted the diameter of the cone after shaking. The test results showed the possibility of replacing cement paste with clay soil up to 25% which leads to a reduction in the cost and an increase in printability with a slight decrease in the strength of the obtained material to 7%. Utilizing of soil from the construction site provides maximum economic efficiency of the material application.

scholarly journals Intrafractional 6D head movement increases with time of mask fixation during stereotactic intracranial RT-sessions

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Mangesius ◽  
Thomas Seppi ◽  
Rocco Weigel ◽  
Christoph Reinhold Arnold ◽  
Danijela Vasiljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Thermoplastic Mask ◽  
Head Positions ◽  
Entire Treatment

Abstract Background The present study investigates the intrafractional accuracy of a frameless thermoplastic mask used for head immobilization during stereotactic radiotherapy. Non-invasive masks cannot completely prohibit head movements. Previous studies attempted to estimate the magnitude of intrafractional inaccuracy by means of pre- and postfractional measurements only. However, this might not be sufficient to accurately map also intrafractional head movements. Materials and methods Intrafractional deviation of mask-fixed head positions was measured in five patients during a total of 94 fractions by means of close-meshed repeated ExacTrac measurements (every 1.4 min) conducted during the entire treatment session. A median of six (range: 4 to 11) measurements were recorded per fraction, delivering a dataset of 453 measurements. Results Random errors (SD) for the x, y and z axes were 0.27 mm, 0.29 mm and 0.29 mm, respectively. Median 3D deviation was 0.29 mm. Of all 3D intrafractional motions, 5.5 and 0.4% exceeded 1 mm and 2 mm, respectively. A moderate correlation between treatment duration and mean 3D displacement was determined (rs = 0.45). Mean 3D deviation increased from 0.21 mm (SD = 0.26 mm) in the first 2 min to a maximum of 0.53 mm (SD = 0.31 mm) after 10 min of treatment time. Conclusion Pre- and post-treatment measurement is not sufficient to adequately determine the range of intrafractional head motion. Thermoplastic masks provide both reliable interfractional and intrafractional immobilization for image-guided stereotactic hypofractionated radiotherapy. Greater positioning accuracy may be obtained by reducing treatment duration (< 6 min) and applying intrafractional correction. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03896555, Registered 01 April 2019 - retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals An Overview on Spray-Drying of Protein-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Dry Powder Inhalation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1032
Author(s):  
Tânia Marante ◽  
Cláudia Viegas ◽  
Inês Duarte ◽  
Ana S. Macedo ◽  
Pedro Fonte
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Therapeutic Proteins ◽  
Pulmonary Delivery ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Rapid Absorption ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
First Pass

The delivery of therapeutic proteins remains a challenge, despite recent technological advances. While the delivery of proteins to the lungs is the gold standard for topical and systemic therapy through the lungs, the issue still exists. While pulmonary delivery is highly attractive due to its non-invasive nature, large surface area, possibility of topical and systemic administration, and rapid absorption circumventing the first-pass effect, the absorption of therapeutic proteins is still ineffective, largely due to the immunological and physicochemical barriers of the lungs. Most studies using spray-drying for the nanoencapsulation of drugs focus on the delivery of conventional drugs, which are less susceptible to bioactivity loss, compared to proteins. Herein, the development of polymeric nanoparticles by spray-drying for the delivery of therapeutic proteins is reviewed with an emphasis on its advantages and challenges, and the techniques to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo performance. The protein stability within the carrier and the features of the carrier are properly addressed.

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