scholarly journals Development of Scott Transformer Model in Electromagnetic Transients Programs for Real-Time Simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5752
Author(s):  
Choongman Lee ◽  
Gyu-Jung Cho ◽  
Joorak Kim
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Electromagnetic Transients ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Impedance Characteristics ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Transformer Model ◽  
Real Time Simulations

This paper presents a Scott transformer model to be applied in electromagnetic transients (EMT) programs, particularly in the absence of a detailed Scott transformer model for performing real-time simulations (RTS). Regarding a Scott transformer, a common topology for converting a three-phase network into two single-phase networks, the transformer model in EMT programs is essential to simulate large-scale electric railway systems. A code-based model has been developed to simulate the transformer in RTS directly and contain the transformer’s actual impedance characteristics. By establishing a mathematical foundation with the current injection method, we presented a matrix representation in conjunction with a network solution of EMT programs. The proposed model can handle more practical parameters of Scott transformers with a relatively low computational load. Thus, it supports the flexible computation of real-time simulators with a finite number of processor units. The accuracy of the model is verified by simulating it and comparing the simulation results with an industrial transformer’s certified performance. Furthermore, a case study involving a comparison of the results with the field measurement data of an actual Korean railway system demonstrated the efficacy of the model.

Real-time micro-modelling of a million pedestrians

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lohner ◽  
Muhammad Baqui ◽  
Eberhard Haug ◽  
Britto Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parallel Machines ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Real Time Simulations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a first-principles model for the simulation of pedestrian flows and crowd dynamics capable of computing the movement of a million pedestrians in real-time in order to assess the potential safety hazards and operational performance at events where many individuals are gathered. Examples of such situations are sport and music events, cinemas and theatres, museums, conference centres, places of pilgrimage and worship, street demonstrations, emergency evacuation during natural disasters. Design/methodology/approach – The model is based on a series of forces, such as: will forces (the desire to reach a place at a certain time), pedestrian collision avoidance forces, obstacle/wall avoidance forces; pedestrian contact forces, and obstacle/wall contact forces. In order to allow for general geometries a so-called background triangulation is used to carry all geographic information. At any given time the location of any given pedestrian is updated on this mesh. The model has been validated qualitatively and quantitavely on repeated occasions. The code has been ported to shared and distributed memory parallel machines. Findings – The results obtained show that the stated aim of computing the movement of a million pedestrians in real-time has been achieved. This is an important milestone, as it enables faster-than-real-time simulations of large crowds (stadiums, airports, train and bus stations, concerts) as well as evacuation simulations for whole cities. Research limitations/implications – All models are wrong, but some are useful. The same applies to any modelling of pedestrians. Pedestrians are not machines, so stochastic runs will be required in the future in order to obtain statistically relevant ensembles. Practical implications – This opens the way to link real-time data gathering of crowds (i.e. via cameras) with predictive calculations done faster than real-time, so that security personnel can be alerted to potential future problems during large-scale events. Social implications – This will allow much better predictions for large-scale events, improving security and comfort. Originality/value – This is the first time such speeds have been achieved for a micro-modelling code for pedestrians.

scholarly journals Observations of Density Variations in Tobacco Rods by Neutron Radiography

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
JS Brenizer ◽  
MF Sulcoski ◽  
RW Jenkins ◽  
DD McRae ◽  
RH Newman
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neutron Radiography ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Line Density ◽  
Time System ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Density Resolution ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractNeutron radiography was used to study the density of tobacco rods. Density variations in individual rods caused by local packing variations and the presence of more dense materials in the blend were easily discernible in both static and real-time radiographs. A density resolution of 0.35 mm was observed in the real-time system. By averaging center line density scans for several rods with the aid of an image processor, large scale variations in the density such as the increased packing at the rod ends could be measured. Comparison of the results from neutron radiography with those obtained by cutting rods into sections and weighing the sections showed good agreement. Both methods indicated the lighting end was approximately 9 % more dense than the middle of the rod. This work has demonstrated that neutron radiography can be used to provide accurate density information about cigarette rods with considerably greater resolution and in much less time than sectioning and the commercial beta ray gauging technique.

Real-Time Measurement Method of Rail Vehicle Wheel Flange Wear Using Inductive and Temperature Sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Ndodana Njaji ◽  
Celestin Nkundineza
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Time Data ◽  
The Real ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
Rail Vehicles

Abstract Railway systems are expected to be in their most safe state ensuring safe operations of trains. The contact between rail and wheel is one of the most fundamental aspects in railway systems. Therefore, instruments and measurement systems that give critical information about operating railway systems are expected to work efficiently and effectively. Previous research on using inductive displacement sensor for wheel flange wear measurement has focused on the light rail vehicles, and considered effect of temperature negligible, as opposed to mainline vehicle where the wheel temperature variation is large. Also, the filtering of noises has been done using non-real time data. This paper focuses on the real-time measurement system for freight vehicle wheel flange wear by fusing measurement data from inductive displacement and thermocouple sensors, and filtering of the noises. A CAD model of the sensor support fixed on the bogie frame is presented. Several experimental measurements are carried in the lab on a moving disk heated at different temperatures. Then multiple regression analysis of the data is carried out to come up with the measurement model equation. This equation is used for calibration in LabVIEW program interfaced with data acquisition system for real time measurement. Experimental results show effect of temperature on the inductive sensor measurement data. This effect is taken into account to quantify the clearance between the disk and the sensor tip. The precision and accuracy are determined to be 0.06 Volts and 0.03 mm, respectively. This system is expected to enhance the real-time and/or online monitoring of the safety of rail vehicles. Also, it can be integrated with Automatic Train Protection (ATP) and the detection of track lateral irregularities from the wheel flange real time measurement data.

Soil/Tire Interaction Analysis Using FEM and FVM

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oida ◽  
E. Seta ◽  
H. Heguri ◽  
K. Kato
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Elastoplastic Material ◽  
The Road ◽  
Soil Flow

Abstract Vehicles, such as an agricultural tractor, construction vehicle, mobile machinery, and 4-wheel drive vehicle, are often operated on unpaved ground. In many cases, the ground is deformable; therefore, the deformation should be taken into consideration in order to assess the off-the-road performance of a tire. Recent progress in computational mechanics enabled us to simulate the large scale coupling problem, in which the deformation of tire structure and of surrounding medium can be interactively considered. Using this technology, hydroplaning phenomena and tire traction on snow have been predicted. In this paper, the simulation methodology of tire/soil coupling problems is developed for pneumatic tires of arbitrary tread patterns. The Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Finite Volume Method (FVM) are used for structural and for soil-flow analysis, respectively. The soil is modeled as an elastoplastic material with a specified yield criterion and a nonlinear elasticity. The material constants are referred to measurement data, so that the cone penetration resistance and the shear resistance are represented. Finally, the traction force of the tire in a cultivated field is predicted, and a good correlation with experiments is obtained.

Methods for the Quantification of Salivary Cortisol and of a-amylase in Biosensors and Portable Devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2857-2859
Author(s):  
Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc ◽  
Andreea Silvana Szalontay ◽  
Luminita Radulescu ◽  
Sebastian Cozma ◽  
Catalina Elena Lupusoru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

There is an increasing interest in the analysis of salivary biomarkers for medical practice. The objective of this article was to identify the specificity and sensitivity of quantification methods used in biosensors or portable devices for the determination of salivary cortisol and salivary a-amylase. There are no biosensors and portable devices for salivary amylase and cortisol that are used on a large scale in clinical studies. These devices would be useful in assessing more real-time psychological research in the future.

scholarly journals BattleNet: Capturing Advantageous Battlefield in RTS Games (Student Abstract)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 13849-13850
Author(s):  
Donghyeon Lee ◽  
Man-Je Kim ◽  
Chang Wook Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Outcome Predictor ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rts Game

In a real-time strategy (RTS) game, StarCraft II, players need to know the consequences before making a decision in combat. We propose a combat outcome predictor which utilizes terrain information as well as squad information. For training the model, we generated a StarCraft II combat dataset by simulating diverse and large-scale combat situations. The overall accuracy of our model was 89.7%. Our predictor can be integrated into the artificial intelligence agent for RTS games as a short-term decision-making module.

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