scholarly journals Detecting Emotions through Electrodermal Activity in Learning Contexts: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7869
Author(s):  
Anne Horvers ◽  
Natasha Tombeng ◽  
Tibor Bosse ◽  
Ard W. Lazonder ◽  
Inge Molenaar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Guidelines And Standards ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Insight Into

There is a strong increase in the use of devices that measure physiological arousal through electrodermal activity (EDA). Although there is a long tradition of studying emotions during learning, researchers have only recently started to use EDA to measure emotions in the context of education and learning. This systematic review aimed to provide insight into how EDA is currently used in these settings. The review aimed to investigate the methodological aspects of EDA measures in educational research and synthesize existing empirical evidence on the relation of physiological arousal, as measured by EDA, with learning outcomes and learning processes. The methodological results pointed to considerable variation in the usage of EDA in educational research and indicated that few implicit standards exist. Results regarding learning revealed inconsistent associations between physiological arousal and learning outcomes, which seem mainly due to underlying methodological differences. Furthermore, EDA frequently fluctuated during different stages of the learning process. Compared to this unimodal approach, multimodal designs provide the potential to better understand these fluctuations at critical moments. Overall, this review signals a clear need for explicit guidelines and standards for EDA processing in educational research in order to build a more profound understanding of the role of physiological arousal during learning.

scholarly journals Impacts of E-Micromobility on the Sustainability of Urban Transportation—A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5851
Author(s):  
Buket Şengül ◽  
Hamid Mostofi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Sharp Growth ◽  
Travel Behaviors ◽  
Insight Into

When considering the sharp growth rate of the use of e-micromobility vehicles, such as e-scooters and e-bikes, it is necessary to investigate whether these emerging modes of transport play a sustainable role in cities in terms of their energy efficiency, emissions, and their relationship with other modes of mobility, such as public transport. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impacts of e-micromobility through a systematic review of relevant studies in the field of e-scooters and e-bikes. We followed the steps of PRISMA to conduct a systematic literature review, including identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion steps. One hundred forty-six studies were reviewed and compiled, and 29 of these studies were selected for the focus of this review and their research data were synthesized. The impacts of e-micromobilities were categorized into four categories—travel behaviors, energy consumption, environmental impacts, and safety and related regulations. The category of travel behaviors includes the analysis of the purposes of travel, modal shift from different modes of transport to e-micromobility vehicles, average travel time, and distance. In this review, the findings of relevant studies in different cities around world are compared to each other and synthesized to give an insight into the role of e-micromobility in the present and in the future of urban transportation.

scholarly journals Hormones in Breast Milk and Effect on Infants’ Growth: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mazzocchi ◽  
Maria Lorella Giannì ◽  
Daniela Morniroli ◽  
Ludovica Leone ◽  
Paola Roggero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Milk Hormones

Breast milk is characterized by a dynamic and complex composition which includes hormones and other bioactive components that could influence infant growth, development, and optimize health. Among the several beneficial effects associated with prolonged breastfeeding, a 13% decrease in the risk of overweight and obesity has been reported. Recent research has focused on breast milk hormones contributing to the appetite and energy balance regulation and adiposity. Accordingly, we conducted a literature systematic review with the aim to provide an update on the effect of leptin, ghrelin, Insulin Growth Factor 1, adiponectin, and insulin on infants’ and children’s growth and body composition. The revised literature reveals contrasting findings concerning the potential role of all these hormones on modeling growth and fat mass apposition and health outcomes later in life. Further studies are needed to gain further insight into the specific role of these bioactive components in metabolic pathways related to body composition. This could help gain a further insight on infants’ growth, both in physiological and pathological settings.

Personality and Education

2017 ◽  
pp. 163-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Tatalović Vorkapić
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Job Fit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The purpose of this chapter is to sensitize the public about the importance of research on personality in the process of teaching and learning, regardless of whether it refers to the personality/temperament of children or teachers. By analysing the personality of teachers, the job-fit theory and different theoretical models of personality and temperament in psychology are showcased. With the aim of a better understanding of the moderator's role of personality in the context of education, a systematic review of relevant studies is presented within Croatian cultural context. Finally, an empirical study is presented which was conducted on future preschool teachers who evaluated their personality as well as their best and worst teachers' personalities. It was determined that there are significant differences in estimated personality traits of the best and worst teachers. Finally, further guidance in exploring the role of personality in education was provided, with an emphasis on methodological aspects and some specific scientific research designs.

scholarly journals Tissue and Serum Trace Elements Concentration among Colorectal Patients: A Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmawati Mohammed NAWI ◽  
Siok-Fong CHIN ◽  
Shamsul AZHAR SHAH ◽  
Rahman JAMAL
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Serum Trace Elements ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Trace elements play a pivotal role in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) inhibition and development process. This systematic review provides the basic comparison of case-control studies focusing on concentration of trace elements between those with CRC and controls Methods: The systematic review searched through two databases of Medline and Cochrane up to 24th June 2017. The search strategy focused on Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes (PICO). We searched the role of trace elements in cancer and focusing on case-control studies in CRC to obtain an insight into the differences in trace element concentrations between those with and without cancer. Results: The serum concentrations of Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Se, Si, and Zn were lower in CRC patients but for Co and S the levels were higher in CRC patients. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Zn were increased in patients with metastasis, but not in Se. As for colon tissue specimens, inconsistent levels were reported between studies, notably in Cu, Se, and Zn. No changes were reported for B and Ca levels. Most of the trace elements in the tissue specimens showed higher concentrations of Cr, Fe, K, Mg, P, Rb, S, and Si compared to Br. Conclusion: With the growing interest to understand the link between trace elements in carcinogenesis and the possible interactions, multi assessment analysis of a larger cohort of samples is necessary.

scholarly journals High Glycolytic Activity Enhances Stem Cell Reprogramming of Fahd1-KO Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2040
Author(s):  
Ahmad Salti ◽  
Solmaz Etemad ◽  
Marta Suarez Cubero ◽  
Eva Albertini ◽  
Beata Kovacs-Szalka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Embryonic Fibroblasts ◽  
Glycolytic Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Insight Into

Mitochondria play a key role in metabolic transitions involved in the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. To obtain new insight into the mechanisms of cellular reprogramming, we studied the role of FAH domain-containing protein 1 (FAHD1) in the reprogramming of murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into iPSCs and their subsequent differentiation into neuronal cells. MEFs from wild type (WT) and Fahd1-knock-out (KO) mice were reprogrammed into iPSCs and characterized for alterations in metabolic parameters and the expression of marker genes indicating mitochondrial biogenesis. Fahd1-KO MEFs showed a higher reprogramming efficiency accompanied by a significant increase in glycolytic activity as compared to WT. We also observed a strong increase of mitochondrial DNA copy number and expression of biogenesis marker genes in Fahd1-KO iPSCs relative to WT. Neuronal differentiation of iPSCs was accompanied by increased expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes in both WT and Fahd1-KO neurons with higher expression in Fahd1-KO neurons. Together these observations establish a role of FAHD1 as a potential negative regulator of reprogramming and add additional insight into mechanisms by which FAHD1 modulates mitochondrial functions.

scholarly journals The Role of Gamification Techniques in Promoting Student Learning: A Review and Synthesis

10.28945/4417 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 395-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Alomari ◽  
Hosam Al-Samarraie ◽  
Reem Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Educational Decision ◽  
Gamified Learning ◽  
Meta Analyses

Aim/Purpose: This study reviewed previous research on the role of gamification techniques in promoting students’ learning. Background: The role of gamification in promoting students’ learning has been investigated empirically by many scholars. To date, mixed results about the effectiveness of gamification have been reported, and researchers frequently argue that the inappropriateness of certain techniques may have contributed to these mixed findings. Methodology: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used to assess the criteria required for this review. A total of 40 studies were identified and included in the systematic review. The selected studies were used to assess the association between certain gamification techniques and students’ learning in this study. Findings: The results showed that gamification techniques differently affect students’ learning. In addition, it is important for students to be instructed about the application of gamification approach before they engage in a gamified learning task. The key challenges relating to the use of gamification techniques were also discussed. Recommendations for Practitioners: This review can help educational decision makers and practitioners to stimulate certain learning outcomes of the students with the help of specific gamification techniques.

scholarly journals Role of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection- A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishan Mohan Kapoor ◽  
Aanandita Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus pandemic is currently a global public health emergency. At present, no pharmacological treatment is known to treat this condition, and there is a need to review the available treatments.ObjectiveWhile there have been studies to describe the role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in various viral conditions, there is limited information about the use of them in COVID-19. This systematic review aims to summarize the available evidence regarding the role of chloroquine in treating coronavirus infection.MethodsThe preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for this review. A literature search was performed using PUBMED & Google Scholar to find articles about the role of CQ in COVID-19 patients.ResultsWe included 19 publications (Five published articles, three letters/correspondence, one commentary, five pre-proofs of accepted articles, one abstract of yet to be published article, and four were pre-prints (not yet peer-reviewed) articles) in this systematic review. All the articles mentioned about the role of chloroquine and /or hydroxychloroquine in limiting the infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19).ConclusionsThere is theoretical, experimental, preclinical and clinical evidence of the effectiveness of chloroquine in patients affected with COVID-19. There is adequate evidence of drug safety from the long-time clinical use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in other indications. More data from ongoing and future trials will add more insight into the role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 infection.

Maternal Perception of Infants’ Expressions of Emotion

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krippl ◽  
Stephanie Ast-Scheitenberger ◽  
Ina Bovenschen ◽  
Gottfried Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Response Pattern ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Startle Amplitude ◽  
Caregiving System ◽  
Parental Caregiving ◽  
Opponent Process ◽  
Opponent Process Theory ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Methodological Considerations

In light of Lang’s differentiation of the aversive and the approach system – and assumptions stemming from attachment theory – this study investigates the role of the approach or caregiving system for processing infant emotional stimuli by comparing IAPS pictures, infant pictures, and videos. IAPS pictures, infant pictures, and infant videos of positive, neutral, or negative content were presented to 69 mothers, accompanied by randomized startle probes. The assessment of emotional responses included subjective ratings of valence and arousal, corrugator activity, the startle amplitude, and electrodermal activity. In line with Lang’s original conception, the typical startle response pattern was found for IAPS pictures, whereas no startle modulation was observed for infant pictures. Moreover, the startle amplitudes during negative video scenes depicting crying infants were reduced. The results are discussed with respect to several theoretical and methodological considerations, including Lang’s theory, emotion regulation, opponent process theory, and the parental caregiving system.

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