scholarly journals Introduction of the ARDS—Anti-Ransomware Defense System Model—Based on the Systematic Review of Worldwide Ransomware Attacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6070
Author(s):  
Veronika Szücs ◽  
Gábor Arányi ◽  
Ákos Dávid
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
User Security

We live in a world of digital information communication and digital data storage. Following the development of technology, demands from the user side also pose serious challenges for developers, both in the field of hardware and software development. However, the increasing penetration of the Internet, IoT and digital solutions that have become available in almost every segment of life, carries risks as well as benefits. In this study, the authors present the phenomenon of ransomware attacks that appear on a daily basis, which endangers the operation and security of the digital sphere of both small and large enterprises and individuals. An overview of ransomware attacks, the tendency and characteristics of the attacks, which have caused serious financial loss and other damages to the victims, are presented. This manuscript also provides a brief overview of protection against ransomware attacks and the software and hardware options that enhance general user security and their effectiveness as standalone applications. The authors present the results of the study, which aimed to explore how the available software and hardware devices can implement digital user security. Based on the results of the research, the authors propose a complex system that can be used to increase the efficiency of network protection and OS protection tools already available to improve network security, and to detect ransomware attacks early. As a result, the model of the proposed protection system is presented, and it can be stated that the complex system should be able to detect ransomware attacks from either the Internet or the internal network at an early stage, mitigate malicious processes and maintain data in recoverable state.

New Trends in Digital Data Storage for the Internet of Things

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
A. Saxena ◽  
◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
S. Dangi ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Data Storage ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Deoxyribonucleic Acid as a Tool for Digital Information Storage: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ashish C Patel ◽  
C G Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Digital File

Current data storage technologies cannot keep pace longer with exponentially growing amounts of data through the extensive use of social networking photos and media, etc. The "digital world” with 4.4 zettabytes in 2013 has predicted it to reach 44 zettabytes by 2020. From the past 30 years, scientists and researchers have been trying to develop a robust way of storing data on a medium which is dense and ever-lasting and found DNA as the most promising storage medium. Unlike existing storage devices, DNA requires no maintenance, except the need to store at a cool and dark place. DNA has a small size with high density; just 1 gram of dry DNA can store about 455 exabytes of data. DNA stores the informations using four bases, viz., A, T, G, and C, while CDs, hard disks and other devices stores the information using 0’s and 1’s on the spiral tracks. In the DNA based storage, after binarization of digital file into the binary codes, encoding and decoding are important steps in DNA based storage system. Once the digital file is encoded, the next step is to synthesize arbitrary single-strand DNA sequences and that can be stored in the deep freeze until use.When there is a need for information to be recovered, it can be done using DNA sequencing. New generation sequencing (NGS) capable of producing sequences with very high throughput at a much lower cost about less than 0.1 USD for one MB of data than the first sequencing technologies. Post-sequencing processing includes alignment of all reads using multiple sequence alignment (MSA) algorithms to obtain different consensus sequences. The consensus sequence is decoded as the reversal of the encoding process. Most prior DNA data storage efforts sequenced and decoded the entire amount of stored digital information with no random access, but nowadays it has become possible to extract selective files (e.g., retrieving only required image from a collection) from a DNA pool using PCR-based random access. Various scientists successfully stored up to 110 zettabytes data in one gram of DNA. In the future, with an efficient encoding, error corrections, cheaper DNA synthesis,and sequencing, DNA based storage will become a practical solution for storage of exponentially growing digital data.

scholarly journals Captain America protecting digital rights: “old school” national law vs. emerging internet complexities in Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
Shahin Mammadrzali
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Satellite Communications ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Digital Rights ◽  
Captain America

It is indicated in the article that emerging information technologies influences human rights norms in any democratic society. Especially, the Internet has changed the traditional approach to methods of ensuring human rights, while adding new challenges at the same time, such as regulating cybersecurity, digital data protection, digital freedom of information, privacy, discrimination in the Internet, etc. The traditional flow of information through newspapers, radio and television is currently combined with new means of exchanging digital information, mobile and satellite communications, the Internet and other technological advances. Of course, these innovations make governments to review traditional human rights legislation to stay fit and updated. Yet, some fundamental norms of national human rights legislation should remain unchangeable. Simply put, it looks like Captain America from the movie “Avengers” – a very old guy who develops his abilities to defeat dangers, but also preserves “old school” strength and leadership skills. In the light of these issues, the present article is devoted to the analysis of the conceptual foundations of national legislation in Azerbaijan on the protection of digital rights in the Internet. The article emphasizes that digital rights themselves are one of the factors demonstrating the strong impact of communication technologies on human rights, especially information rights and freedom of expression.

scholarly journals Mixed Culture of Bacterial Cell for Large Scale DNA Storage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Hao ◽  
Hongyan Qiao ◽  
Yanmin Gao ◽  
Zhaoguan Wang ◽  
Xin Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Living Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Digital Information

AbstractDNA emerged as novel material for mass data storage, the serious problem human society is facing. Taking advantage of current synthesis capacity, massive oligo pool demonstrated its high-potential in data storage in test tube. Herein, mixed culture of bacterial cells carrying mass oligo pool that was assembled in a high copy plasmid was presented as a stable material for large scale data storage. Living cells data storage was fabricated by a multiple-steps process, assembly, transformation and mixed culture. The underlying principle was explored by deep bioinformatic analysis. Although homology assembly showed sequence context dependent bias but the massive digital information oligos in mixed culture were constant over multiple successive passaging. In pushing the limitation, over ten thousand distinct oligos, totally 2304 Kbps encoding 445 KB digital data including texts and images, were stored in bacterial cell, the largest archival data storage in living cell reported so far. The mixed culture of living cell data storage opens up a new approach to simply bridge the in vitro and in vivo storage system with combined advantage of both storage capability and economical information propagation.

Spectral Methods for Data Clustering

2011 ◽  
pp. 1037-1042
Author(s):  
Wenyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Low Dimensionality ◽  
Tremendous Amount

With the rapid growth of the World Wide Web and the capacity of digital data storage, tremendous amount of data are generated daily from business and engineering to the Internet and science. The Internet, financial real-time data, hyperspectral imagery, and DNA microarrays are just a few of the common sources that feed torrential streams of data into scientific and business databases worldwide. Compared to statistical data sets with small size and low dimensionality, traditional clustering techniques are challenged by such unprecedented high volume, high dimensionality complex data. To meet these challenges, many new clustering algorithms have been proposed in the area of data mining (Han & Kambr, 2001).

Preservation of Digital Information in Library and Information Centers

2013 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Ram Chander
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Information Preservation ◽  
The World ◽  
Information Professionals ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Hardware Platforms

Preservation of digital resources in the 21st century has been a great challenge for library and information professionals. Digital libraries have been built all over the world. Libraries are engaged in creating and maintaining digital libraries. One of the main challenges in maintaining digital libraries is the digital preservation aspect. The aim of digital preservation is to ensure that digital records are filed and are made available through time. Digital information preservation is always the thinking of library and information society. Preservation of digital documents has now become more obvious and necessary because of the fragility of digital data and software and hardware platforms becoming obsolete. The present chapter focuses on the digital preservation, strategies, policies, functions, current activities, and guideline of digital preservation of information.

Microfilm Media and Technology in a Digital World

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Breslawski
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Information Collections ◽  
Media And Technology ◽  
Digital Data Storage

With the rapid changes in technology for information creation, capture, display, distribution, storage and preservation, questions abound about the current state of microfilm and its place in the modern information management industry. Clearly there is a place for microfilm in the modern preservation vision. When it comes to information having permanent value, micrographic media remains a stalwart companion of those not willing to risk their data to the perils of digital data storage only. Quoting Jim Harvey of Altek Systems, “Now the word on the street is that without migration, degradation occurs in as little as seven years depending on storage conditions. This is an anathema to archival collections of information … Some are getting ‘that old time religion’ and backing up digital information collections with a permanent micrographic copy.”

scholarly journals Aerolysin nanopores decode digital information stored in tailored macromolecular analytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (50) ◽  
pp. eabc2661
Author(s):  
Chan Cao ◽  
Lucien F. Krapp ◽  
Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi ◽  
Niklas F. König ◽  
Nuria Cirauqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Single Molecule Level ◽  
Ultrahigh Density ◽  
Digital Data Storage ◽  
Alternative Solutions

Digital data storage is a growing need for our society and finding alternative solutions than those based on silicon or magnetic tapes is a challenge in the era of “big data.” The recent development of polymers that can store information at the molecular level has opened up new opportunities for ultrahigh density data storage, long-term archival, anticounterfeiting systems, and molecular cryptography. However, synthetic informational polymers are so far only deciphered by tandem mass spectrometry. In comparison, nanopore technology can be faster, cheaper, nondestructive and provide detection at the single-molecule level; moreover, it can be massively parallelized and miniaturized in portable devices. Here, we demonstrate the ability of engineered aerolysin nanopores to accurately read, with single-bit resolution, the digital information encoded in tailored informational polymers alone and in mixed samples, without compromising information density. These findings open promising possibilities to develop writing-reading technologies to process digital data using a biological-inspired platform.

scholarly journals Secure data storage on DNA hard drives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaikai Chen ◽  
Jinbo Zhu ◽  
Filip Boskovic ◽  
Ulrich F. Keyser
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Base Pairing ◽  
Free System ◽  
Hard Drives ◽  
Free Data ◽  
Secure Data

AbstractDNA is emerging as a novel material for digital data storage. The two main challenges are efficient encoding and data security. Here, we develop an approach that allows for writing and erasing data by relying solely on Watson-Crick base pairing of short oligonucleotides to single-stranded DNA overhangs located along a long double-stranded DNA hard drive (DNA-HD). Our enzyme-free system enables fast synthesis-free data writing with predetermined building blocks. The use of DNA base pairing allows for secure encryption on DNA-HDs that requires a physical key and nanopore sensing for decoding. The system is suitable for miniature integration for an end-to-end DNA storage device. Our study opens a novel pathway for rewritable and secure data storage with DNA.One Sentence SummaryStoring digital information on molecules along DNA hard drives for rewritable and secure data storage.

scholarly journals NOREC4DNA: using near-optimal rateless erasure codes for DNA storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Michael Schwarz ◽  
Bernd Freisleben
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Erasure Codes ◽  
Software Framework ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Dna Storage ◽  
Dna Strands

Abstract Background DNA is a promising storage medium for high-density long-term digital data storage. Since DNA synthesis and sequencing are still relatively expensive tasks, the coding methods used to store digital data in DNA should correct errors and avoid unstable or error-prone DNA sequences. Near-optimal rateless erasure codes, also called fountain codes, are particularly interesting codes to realize high-capacity and low-error DNA storage systems, as shown by Erlich and Zielinski in their approach based on the Luby transform (LT) code. Since LT is the most basic fountain code, there is a large untapped potential for improvement in using near-optimal erasure codes for DNA storage. Results We present NOREC4DNA, a software framework to use, test, compare, and improve near-optimal rateless erasure codes (NORECs) for DNA storage systems. These codes can effectively be used to store digital information in DNA and cope with the restrictions of the DNA medium. Additionally, they can adapt to possible variable lengths of DNA strands and have nearly zero overhead. We describe the design and implementation of NOREC4DNA. Furthermore, we present experimental results demonstrating that NOREC4DNA can flexibly be used to evaluate the use of NORECs in DNA storage systems. In particular, we show that NORECs that apparently have not yet been used for DNA storage, such as Raptor and Online codes, can achieve significant improvements over LT codes that were used in previous work. NOREC4DNA is available on https://github.com/umr-ds/NOREC4DNA. Conclusion NOREC4DNA is a flexible and extensible software framework for using, evaluating, and comparing NORECs for DNA storage systems.

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