scholarly journals The Efficiency of Biocidal Silica Nanosystems for the Conservation of Stone Monuments: Comparative In Vitro Tests against Epilithic Green Algae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6804
Author(s):  
Flavia Bartoli ◽  
Martina Zuena ◽  
Armida Sodo ◽  
Giulia Caneva
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salt ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials ◽  
Silica Nanocapsules ◽  
Quantitative Evaluations

In the last decade, worldwide research has focused on innovative natural biocides and the development of organic and inorganic nanomaterials for long-lasting reliability. In this work, the biocide effects of two different biocides encapsulated in two different silica nanosystems for a multifunctional coating have been performed through in vitro tests, by using Chlorococcum sp. as a common stone biodeteriogen. Zosteric sodium salt (ZS), a green biocide, was compared with the commercial biocide, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), widely used in the treatment of cultural heritage. The analyzed systems are the following: silica nanocapsules (NC) and silica nanoparticles (MNP) not loaded with biocides, two nanosystems loaded with ZS and MBT, and free biocides. The qualitative and quantitative evaluations of biocide efficiency were performed periodically, analyzing pigment autofluorescence to discriminate between active and inactive/dead cells. The analyses showed multiple differences. All the nanocontainers presented an initial reduction in chlorophyll’s autofluorescence. For the free biocide, the results highlighted higher efficiency for MBT than ZS. Finally, the nanosystems loaded with the different biocides highlighted a higher activity for nanocontainers loaded with the commercial biocide than the green product, and better efficiency for MNP in comparison with NC.

scholarly journals Influences of Polymeric Magnetic Encapsulated Nanoparticles on the Adhesive Layer for Composite Materials Used for Class I Dental Fillings

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Zaharia ◽  
Cosmin Sinescu ◽  
Alin-Gabriel Gabor ◽  
Vlad Socoliuc ◽  
Serban Talpos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Dental Adhesives ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Dental Fillings ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Encapsulated Nanoparticles

The main properties of dental adhesives should be good marginal adaptation, high retention strength and the possibility of not negatively influencing clinical sustainability. Dental adhesives are continuously improving to increase their retention to dental structures by increasing penetration in these structures, as it was shownin the in-vitro tests requiring imaging and qualitative analysis to allow the evaluation of experimental samples as well as the development of new materials. The main objective of this study is the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the layer of modified dental adhesives with ferrous nanoparticles encapsulated in a SiO2 membrane located between the surface of the dental preparation and the surface of the photopolymerizable composite filling. For qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples, technologies such as SEM, optical microscopy and EDX were used.

Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Mineraloid Isolate, in vitro and in Genetically Diabetic Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Deneau ◽  
Taufeeq Ahmed ◽  
Roger Blotsky ◽  
Krzysztof Bojanowski
Keyword(s):  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Genetically Diabetic Mice

Type II diabetes is a metabolic disease mediated through multiple molecular pathways. Here, we report anti-diabetic effect of a standardized isolate from a fossil material - a mineraloid leonardite - in in vitro tests and in genetically diabetic mice. The mineraloid isolate stimulated mitochondrial metabolism in human fibroblasts and this stimulation correlated with enhanced expression of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins such as ATP synthases and ribosomal protein precursors, as measured by DNA microarrays. In the diabetic animal model, consumption of the Totala isolate resulted in decreased weight gain, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. To our best knowledge, this is the first description ever of a fossil material having anti-diabetic activity in pre-clinical models.

Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R MacGregor ◽  
J M Ferguson ◽  
L F McLaughlin ◽  
T Burnouf ◽  
C V Prowse
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

A Comparison of the in Vitro and in Vivo Thrombogenic Activity of Factor IX Concentrates Using Stasis (Wessler) and Non-Stasis Rabbit Models

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 081-086 ◽  
Author(s):  
C V Prowse ◽  
A E Williams
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Low Activity

SummaryThe thrombogenic effects of selected factor IX concentrates were evaluated in two rabbit models; the Wessler stasis model and a novel non-stasis model. Concentrates active in either the NAPTT or TGt50 in vitro tests of potential thrombogenicity, or both, caused thrombus formation in the Wessler technique and activation of the coagulation system in the non-stasis model. A concentrate with low activity in both in vitro tests did not have thrombogenic effects in vivo, at the chosen dose. Results in the non-stasis model suggested that the thrombogenic effects of factor IX concentrates may occur by at least two mechanisms. A concentrate prepared from platelet-rich plasma and a pyrogenic concentrate were also tested and found to have no thrombogenic effect in vivo.These studies justify the use of the NAPTT and TGt50 in vitro tests for the screening of factor IX concentrates prior to clinical use.

In Vitro Thrombogenicity Tests of Factor IX Concentrates

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1355-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
C V Prowse ◽  
A Chirnside ◽  
R A Elton
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Factor Viii Inhibitor ◽  
Factor Ixa ◽  
Viii Inhibitor

SummaryVarious factor IX concentrates have been examined in a number of in vitro tests of thrombogenicity. The results suggest that some tests are superfluous as in concentrates with activity in any of these tests activation is revealed by a combination of the non-activated partial thromboplastin time, the thrombin (or Xa) generation time and factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity tests. Assay of individual coagulant enzymes revealed that most concentrates contained more factor IXa than Xa. However only a small number of concentrates, chiefly those that had been purposefully activated, contained appreciable amounts of either enzyme.

Inhibition of Fibrinolysis and Fibrinogenolysis in Man: Comparison of ε-Aminocaproic Acid and Kallikrein Inhibitor

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Beck ◽  
R Schmutzler ◽  
F Duckert ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Strong Inhibitor ◽  
Kallikrein Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

SummaryInhibitor of kallikrein and trypsin (KI) extracted from bovine parotis was compared with ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA): both substances inhibit fibrinolysis induced with streptokinase. EACA is a strong inhibitor of fibrinolysis in concentrations higher than 0, 1 mg per ml plasma. The same amount and higher concentrations are not able to inhibit completely the proteolytic-side reactions of fibrinolysis (fibrinogenolysis, diminution of factor V, rise of fibrin-polymerization-inhibitors). KI inhibits well proteolysis of plasma components in concentrations higher than 2,5 units per ml plasma. Much higher amounts of KI are needed to inhibit fibrinolysis as demonstrated by our in vivo and in vitro tests.Combination of the two substances for clinical use is suggested. Therapeutic possibilities are discussed.

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION OF PERGULARIA DAEMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GITA MISHRA ◽  
HEMESHWER KUMAR CHANDRA ◽  
NISHA SAHU ◽  
SATENDRA KUMAR NIRALA ◽  
MONIKA BHADAURIA
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Pergularia daemia belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory activity. Aim of the present study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root parts of P. daemia . Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated by standard methods. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of P. daemia showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloid, phytosterol, carbohydrate, phenol, saponin, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids proteins and reducing sugars. Quantitative analysis showed polyphenol, flavonoid, flavonone, flavone and flavonol in P. daemia leaves, stem and root in considerable quantity. The in vitro antioxidant activity of P. daemia clearly demonstrated that leaf, stem and root parts have prominent antioxidant properties and was effective in scavenging free radicals.

The Comparative Study of Equisetum pratense, E. sylvaticum, E. telmateia: Accumulation of Silicon, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Screening

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2519-2523
Author(s):  
Denisa Batir Marin ◽  
Oana Cioanca ◽  
Mihai Apostu ◽  
Cristina Gabriela Tuchilus ◽  
Cornelia Mircea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Quantitative Chemical Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
The Comparative Study

The objective of the current study is represented by the determination of silica and a phytochemical screening of phenolic derivates of some Equisetum species. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity for Equisetum pratense Ehrh.,, Equisetum sylvaticum L. and Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. (sin. Equisetum maximum Lam.) were also investigated. The concentration of silicon (Si) in plants was determined by the spectrophotometric method using previous treatment with NaOH 50% both for the stem and the nodal branches [1]. Results obtained varied from 95.12 to 162.10 SiO2 mg/g dry plant which represents 4.44% to 7.58% Si/100g dry sample. Two types of total extracts were obtained using different solvents and were subjected to qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis considering total phenolic content [2]. The highest concentration of investigated compounds was found in the methanolic extract, E. sylvaticum, 196.5mg/g dry sample. Antioxidant activity was monitored spectrophotometrically and expressed in terms of IC50 (�g/mL) [3]. Values gathered ranged from 261.7 to 429.5 �g/mL. The highest capacity to neutralized DPPH radicals was found in E. sylvaticum. In vitro antimicrobial activity was determined using difusimetric method [4]. Testing was performed on four microorganisms: three strains of bacteria and one species of fungi. Different effects were noticed against the bacteria, furthermore the methanol extract appeared to be most efficient. All extracts showed significand antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and weak to no activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922).

Fruit Volatiles to Control Postharvest Rot of Stone Fruits and Pears

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 469a-469
Author(s):  
L.J. Skog ◽  
D.P. Murr ◽  
B.E. Digweed
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Postharvest Rot

Volatile compounds are ubiquitous in plants, giving fruits their characteristic aroma and flavor. There is increasing evidence that these compounds can protect plants from pathogenic organisms. In this trial ≈25 volatile compounds were tested for efficacy against Monilinia fructicola and Penicillium expansum. Both in vitro tests on agar plugs of actively growing pathogens and in situ tests on inoculated stone fruits and pears were conducted. The volatile compounds were grouped into three categories based upon fungicidal activity in vitro: highly effective (fungicidal concentration ≤100 M), moderately effective (fungicidal concentration between 100–200 M) and ineffective (fungicidal concentration >200 M). Highly effective compounds included: acetaldehyde, citral, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2,exadienal, E-2-hexenal, 4-hexen-3-one, linalool, (E,E)2,4-nonadienal, E-2-nonenal, E-3-none-2-one, salicylaldehyde, and valeraldehyde. Moderately effective compounds included: (E,Z) 2,6-nonadienal, propionaldehyde, terpinene, butyl acetate, E-cinnamaldehde, hexanal, E-2-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and isoamyl acetate. Ineffective compounds included: butyrolactone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate. Effectiveness of the compounds varied with both strain and type of microorganism tested. Concentraions required for effective control were much higher when the compounds were tested on inoculated fruit. Phytotoxicity was a problem with some compounds.

Role of in vivo and in vitro Tests in the Diagnosis of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCAR) to Drug

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (36) ◽  
pp. 3872-3880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel M. Bergmann ◽  
Jean-Christoph Caubet
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions ◽  
Cutaneous Adverse Reactions

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) are life-threatening conditions including acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Diagnosis of causative underlying drug hypersensitivity (DH) is mandatory due to the high morbidity and mortality upon re-exposure with the incriminated drug. If an underlying DH is suspected, in vivo test, including patch tests (PTs), delayed-reading intradermal tests (IDTs) and in vitro tests can be performed in selected patients for which the suspected culprit drug is mandatory, or in order to find a safe alternative treatment. Positivity of in vivo and in vitro tests in SCAR to drug varies depending on the type of reaction and the incriminated drugs. Due to the severe nature of these reactions, drug provocation test (DPT) is highly contraindicated in patients who experienced SCAR. Thus, sensitivity is based on positive test results in patients with a suggestive clinical history. Patch tests still remain the first-line diagnostic tests in the majority of patients with SCAR, followed, in case of negative results, by delayed-reading IDTs, with the exception of patients with bullous diseases where IDTs are still contra-indicated. In vitro tests have shown promising results in the diagnosis of SCAR to drug. Positivity is particularly high when the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is combined with cytokines and cytotoxic markers measurement (cyto-LTT), but this still has to be confirmed with larger studies. Due to the rarity of SCAR, large multi-center collaborative studies are needed to better study the sensitivity and specificity of in vivo and in vitro tests.

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