scholarly journals System Dynamics Modeling for Estimating the Locations of Road Icing Using GIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8537
Author(s):  
Seok-Bum Hong ◽  
Byung-Woong Lee ◽  
Chang-Hoon Kim ◽  
Hong-Sik Yun
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
G 14

Road icing can cause large traffic accidents on highways because, unlike snowy roads, its location is difficult to identify and it can occur rapidly, even during rainy weather. In this study, the amount and location of road icing were modeled and simulated over time based on the system dynamics theory. The simulation is expressed on the geographic information system (GIS) and facilitates advance detection of the location and amount of road icing that occurs unexpectedly unlike previous studies. Modeling was designed to process spatial and meteorological data after combining them. The spatial data used for modeling were Hillshade, Water System, Bridge, and Road (Highway). Air temperature, cloudiness, vapor pressure, wind speed, and precipitation were used as meteorological data. The amount of road icing was estimated by scientifically designing the parameters related to its occurrence between spatial and meteorological data. Based on this, the amount of road icing by location was simulated per 1m2 using the GIS. The simulation results showed that the amount of road icing that began to increase from AM 08:00 reached its peak (an average of 213.62 g/m2) at noon and then slowly decreased. Additionally, when simulated with GIS, the sum amount of road icing between AM 12:00 and PM 13:00 was a maximum of 1707.292 (g/14 h) and a minimum of 360.082 (g/14 h) for each location. Hypothesis testing was conducted on whether road icing significantly occurs at actual points vulnerable to traffic accidents. Based on the results, the average significance level was calculated to be less than 0.05. Therefore, the alternative hypothesis that the model can estimate road icing in vulnerable areas was adopted. The verified simulation can be useful data to government agencies (e.g., road traffic authority) in their programs to prevent traffic accidents caused by road icing.

scholarly journals Neurotrauma in Old Aged: A Study from India

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 004-009
Author(s):  
Ashok Munivenkatappa ◽  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
Prashant Bhandarkar ◽  
Nobhojit Roy ◽  
Jyoti Kamble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in all the age groups. In India with increased life expectancy and more active old-aged population, basic details of neurotrauma in old aged are limited. The aim of the present study is to determine injury pattern and factors influencing outcome of the neurotrauma in old-aged patients, and also to contribute to national trauma data. Methods The study is based on prospective observational registry Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes (TITCO) database collected from four Indian government hospitals during October 1, 2013 to September 30, 2015. Data of neurotrauma patients aged 60 years or older were considered for analysis. SPSS version 24.0 was used for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data with significance level of p < 0.05. Results Old-aged patients contributed for 1,629 (10.2%) of total neurotrauma data. Men were 2.4 times higher than women, but mortality was almost same in both the sexes. Approximately 860 (53%) of injuries were due to falls and 490 (30%) due to road traffic accidents (RTA). Approximately 708 (44%) of subjects patients had moderate to severe brain injuries. Approximately 1,136 (70%) of patients required CT scan and 435 (27%) of patients underwent brain surgery. Approximately 588 (36%) of patients expired during study period. There was significant (p = 0.0001) difference between mortality of old-aged and productive age group (19–59 years). The deaths between the two groups differed significantly (p = 0.0001) among sex, injury cause, severity, requirement of CT scan, and surgery. Conclusion Our study highlights that geriatric TBI is a significant phenomenon and reflects our national data. Possible risk factors associated with deaths are identified in our population. More research is needed to develop specific management and preventive protocols.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of motorcycle accident injuries in public Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikru Tadesse ◽  
Shewangizaw Mekonnen ◽  
Wondwosen T/Selassie ◽  
Gemechu Kediro ◽  
Negeso Gobena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Steep Descent ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Motorcycle Accident ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
Accident Injuries

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of motorcycle accident injuries in hospitals of Sothern Ethiopia, 2018/2019.Result Of the total 423 road traffic injury, motorcycles were involved in 213 (50.4%) of the road traffic accidents. The presence of poor road conditions like loose gravel, steep descent, and rough road was responsible for 44.6% of motorcycle accident injury. The odds of motorcycle accident injuries were 50% and 52% less likely to occur during sunny and foggy weather conditions respectively compared to rainy weather conditions.

TO THE STABILITY OF TANK VEHICLES IN THE BRAKE MODE

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Denys Popelysh ◽  
Yurii Seluk ◽  
Sergyi Tomchuk
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Course Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tank Vehicles

This article discusses the question of the possibility of improving the roll stability of partially filled tank vehicles while braking. We consider the dangers associated with partially filled tank vehicles. We give examples of the severe consequences of road traffic accidents that have occurred with tank vehicles carrying dangerous goods. We conducted an analysis of the dynamic processes of fluid flow in the tank and their influence on the basic parameters of the stability of vehicle. When transporting a partially filled tank due to the comparability of the mass of the empty tank with the mass of the fluid being transported, the dynamic qualities of the vehicle change so that they differ significantly from the dynamic characteristics of other vehicles. Due to large displacements of the center of mass of cargo in the tank there are additional loads that act vehicle and significantly reduce the course stability and the drivability. We consider the dynamics of liquid sloshing in moving containers, and give examples of building a mechanical model of an oscillating fluid in a tank and a mathematical model of a vehicle with a tank. We also considered the method of improving the vehicle’s stability, which is based on the prediction of the moment of action and the nature of the dynamic processes of liquid cargo and the implementation of preventive actions by executive mechanisms. Modern automated control systems (anti-lock brake system, anti-slip control systems, stabilization systems, braking forces distribution systems, floor level systems, etc.) use a certain list of elements for collecting necessary parameters and actuators for their work. This gives the ability to influence the course stability properties without interfering with the design of the vehicle only by making changes to the software of these systems. Keywords: tank vehicle, roll stability, mathematical model, vehicle control systems.

ADHD is a Risk Factor of Road Crashes: A Purposive Study of Finding Relation between ADHD and Road Traffic Accident in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 20531-20536
Author(s):  
Nusrat Shamima Nur ◽  
M. S. l. Mullick ◽  
Ahmed Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
Day By Day

Background: In Bangladesh fatality rate due to road traffic accidents is rising sharply day by day. At least 2297 people were killed and 5480 were injured in road traffic accidents within 1st six months of 2017.Whereas in the previous year at 2016 at least 1941 people were killed and 4794 were injured within the 1st six months. No survey has been reported in Bangladesh yet correlating ADHD as a reason of impulsive driving which ends up in a road crash.

Positive Aspects of COVID 19 Pandemic: A Blessing in Disguis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Anjankar Ashish P ◽  
Anjankar Vaibhav P ◽  
Anjankar Anil J ◽  
Kanyal Lata
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
The World

COVID 19 is undeniably one of the deadliest diseases that humanity has ever seen. It continues to affect the lives and livelihood of people appallingly across the world. Maximum discussions focus towards the apprehension of catching the infection, dwelling in homes, overpopulated nursing homes and shut down of all kinds. But, here let’s discuss the positive side of COVID 19 pandemic.As COVID 19 has spread its influence all over the world, affected countries have either announced lockdown or have implemented severe restrictions in their respective countries. Because of this, everyone dwells in their homes. Thus, exercising social distancing and functioning from home. All of the above is directed at restricting the transmission of coronavirus and expectantly ostracising the fatality from COVID 19. These transformations have also brought about some unanticipated emanations; some good things have come out of the pandemic as well. Positive effects of COVID 19 are seen on reduced road traffic, and road traffic accidents lowered levels of air pollution which has to lead to lowered heart attack rates and rejuvenating environment. Crime rates have fallen, and expenses are reduced in most places. Community action, communication amongst families, behaviour, sanitation, hygiene, online and distance education has positively impacted by COVID 19 pandemic. COVID 19 despite a bane for humans, can be thought of a boon for living beings. The habitats and elements have been purified with the stringent use of petrochemical products. To breathe fresh air and to consume purified water is a boon by itself. Now, it is time for humans to lead a caring life to every bounty bestowed on them by Nature. This thoughtful and considerate life will give hope for a healthy, stress-free life.

Influence of environmental factors on road traffic accidents: Hospital based cross sectional study at Tirupati

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Bayapa Reddy N. ◽  
Shakeer Kahn P. ◽  
Surendra Babu D. ◽  
Khadervali N. ◽  
Chandrasekhar C. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional
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