scholarly journals Neurotrauma in Old Aged: A Study from India

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 004-009
Author(s):  
Ashok Munivenkatappa ◽  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
Prashant Bhandarkar ◽  
Nobhojit Roy ◽  
Jyoti Kamble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in all the age groups. In India with increased life expectancy and more active old-aged population, basic details of neurotrauma in old aged are limited. The aim of the present study is to determine injury pattern and factors influencing outcome of the neurotrauma in old-aged patients, and also to contribute to national trauma data. Methods The study is based on prospective observational registry Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes (TITCO) database collected from four Indian government hospitals during October 1, 2013 to September 30, 2015. Data of neurotrauma patients aged 60 years or older were considered for analysis. SPSS version 24.0 was used for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data with significance level of p < 0.05. Results Old-aged patients contributed for 1,629 (10.2%) of total neurotrauma data. Men were 2.4 times higher than women, but mortality was almost same in both the sexes. Approximately 860 (53%) of injuries were due to falls and 490 (30%) due to road traffic accidents (RTA). Approximately 708 (44%) of subjects patients had moderate to severe brain injuries. Approximately 1,136 (70%) of patients required CT scan and 435 (27%) of patients underwent brain surgery. Approximately 588 (36%) of patients expired during study period. There was significant (p = 0.0001) difference between mortality of old-aged and productive age group (19–59 years). The deaths between the two groups differed significantly (p = 0.0001) among sex, injury cause, severity, requirement of CT scan, and surgery. Conclusion Our study highlights that geriatric TBI is a significant phenomenon and reflects our national data. Possible risk factors associated with deaths are identified in our population. More research is needed to develop specific management and preventive protocols.

Skull and Face Injuries and Associated Factors in Pedestrian Victims of Traffic Accidents: A Single Trauma Center Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Josimara A. de Araújo Varela ◽  
Tatiana F.T. Palitot ◽  
Smyrna L.X. de Souza ◽  
Alidianne F.C. Cavalcanti ◽  
Alessandro L. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesions in the skull and face and the associated factors in pedestrian victims of traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out through the analysis of medical records of pedestrian victims of traffic accidents in an emergency service in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, during the year of 2016. Information was collected regarding gender, age group, day of the week, time of the accident, type of vehicle involved, presence of trauma to the skull and face, and outcomes. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, out of which 7.1% (n = 133) involved pedestrians. Men were the most frequent victims (68.4%), and victims of age 60 years old or over (30.5%) predominated. Almost one-third of the cases were recorded during the weekends (30.5%), and the most prevalent time was at night (52.7%). Regarding the type of vehicle involved, motorcycles predominated (47.4%). Head trauma was present in 37.6% of victims, while facial injuries corresponded to 8.2%. In 12% of cases, the victims died. The variables of gender, age group, occurrence on weekends, and trauma to the face showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of traffic accidents (Chi-square test; p<0.05). Conclusion: Among pedestrian victims of traffic accidents, there is a predominance of men aged 65 years or over. Accidents are frequent at night, and motorcycles are the main vehicles involved. The presence of trauma to the skull and face regions is high.

scholarly journals Factors Relating To Safety Riding Behaviors In Students Of Senior High School 5 Palu

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Lusia Salmawati ◽  
Shinta Widya Puspita
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Minor Injuries ◽  
Serious Injuries

Traffic accidents are still a global problem today. Traffic accidents are the main cause of death for all age groups dominated by adolescents. The number of traffic accident cases in Indonesia reached 108,871 incidents with details of which 25,511 people died. Accident data in Central Sulawesi during 2016 reached 1,889 incidents, with 420 dead, 1,076 serious injuries and 2,042 minor injuries. The city of Palu is in order no. 1 with traffic accidents 308 cases with losses of up to 616 million rupiah. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with safety riding behavior. This type of research is quantitative with a Cross Sectional Study approach, sampling using the Proportional Stratified Random Sampling method. The number of samples in this study were 84 respondents. The data were collected using a questionnaire with a Guttman scale. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there was no relationship between knowledge (p = 0.95), while there was a relationship between attitude (p = 0.008), SIM ownership (p = 0.003), and safety riding behavior. To prevent traffic accidents, it is necessary to provide an understanding of Safety Riding, guide traffic discipline, invite them to complete driving licenses, familiarize children with using PPE, and provide motivation to always prioritize safety in driving.

scholarly journals COSMETICS USAGE HABITS AND RELATED SIDE EFFECTS AMONG FEMALES: LITHUANIAN CASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 824-832
Author(s):  
Gražina Šniepienė ◽  
Judita Jonuševičienė
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Nowadays, it is generally recognized that physical appearance is important, women are particularly interested in their aesthetic appearance and the use of various cosmetic products. The long-term usage habits of cosmetic products have influenced not only the condition of the skin and hair but also on human health. The aim of the survey was to investigate cosmetics use habits and related side effects among females. Methods: A quantitative survey was performed; an original questionnaire based on scientific resources was used, used data collection method - a written survey. Survey sample – 336 Lithuanian women. Data analysis was performed using the social research statistics program SPSS 25.0. Percentage frequencies were calculated for ordinal variables - averages and standard deviations. The Pearson’s Chi-Square test and the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests were used to detect statistically significant differences. The significance level selected was p <0.05. Results. The survey revealed the prevalence and frequency of the use of cosmetic products by women, as well as the choice criteria for selecting cosmetic products. The side effects related to the use of cosmetics experienced by women are investigated as well as some practices and habits regarding the use of cosmetics. Conclusions. The study shows that the choice criteria of cosmetic products differ among separate women age groups. The older women are more concerned about the composition of the products, their naturalness, and the manufacturer, while the price is less important. Most commonly used are personal hygiene products including deodorants and perfumers. The older women use less cosmetic products (p <0.05) than the younger ones. The majority of women have experienced side effects related to the use of cosmetics. The study shows that the occurrence of side effects does not depend on the number of products used. However, they are related to the use habits: women who experience side effects more often (p <0.05) use expired cosmetic products. In addition, women with side effects are less likely to use cosmetic testers.  

scholarly journals A SENSITIZING PROGRAM ON PREVENTION OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS AMONG ADOLESCENT STUDYING IN HIGHER SECONDARY COLLEGES IN AURANGABAD CITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Mr. Prashant Kumar S Hiremath
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A

BACKGROUND: Road Trafc Accidents are the leading cause of unnatural deaths in the world and a major burden on the world`s economy. Better road safety measures and awareness campaign such as sensitization program will help to reduce morbidity, mortality, disability and economic impact of road trafc accidents. The study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sensitizing program and to associate selected demographic variables of adolescents with the knowledge, on prevention of road trafc accidents. METHODOLOGY: Pre-experimental research study with pre and post-test group. A structured knowledge questionnaire used to obtain data from 60 adolescents samples. RESULT: The post test ndings shows that the calculated mean was 25.20 compared with pretest mean i.e. 18.22. The calculated paired t test value [t(59,0.05)=10.84 >2.00] is higher than the table value, which shows that the sensitizing program was very effective. The association between the level of knowledge and demographic variables were assessed by chi-square test and which shows there is no signicant association between post test knowledge score and demographic variables

scholarly journals Anxiety Status of Instagram Users during Coronavirus Disease in Iran in 2020: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Hamed Delam ◽  
Ahmadreza Eidi ◽  
Omid Soufi ◽  
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background and aims: Today, with the increasing prevalence of COVID-19 in the world, the general population with excessive worry due to media reports has a higher level of psychological distress. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the state of anxiety among Instagram users in 2020. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted from June to July 2020 on 313 Instagram users. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale was used to measure anxiety caused by coronavirus in Iran. The subjects entered the study by availability sampling and filled out the questionnaire through the features of Instagram such as posts and stories. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between independent and dependent variables according to the nature of the variable. The significance level was considered to be P<0.05. Results: Out of 313 participants in the study, 218 (69.6%) were in the age range of 19-35 years. Additionally, 50.5% of them were male and the majority of the participants had academic education. Overall, 21.4% of the participants had moderate to severe anxiety. There was no significant relationship between the participants’ levels of anxiety and demographic variables (age groups, gender, and level of education) (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of chi-square test showed that no significant relationship was observed between the dimensions of anxiety based on the demographic characteristics of individuals such as age groups (P=0.256), gender (P=0.644), and level of education (P=0.415).

scholarly journals Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents in Turkey between 2013 and 2017

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kemal Erenler ◽  
Burak Gümüş
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Road traffic accident (RTAs) is one of the top ten leading causes of death worldwide and its incidence is higher in developing countries. In this study, our aim was to determine the characteristics of RTAs in Turkey and make recommendations to reduce mortality and morbidity related to RTAs. Material and Methods: We obtained our data, which cover the years 2013 to 2017, from the database accessible at the official website of the Turkish Statistical Institute, which permits the use of its data for research purposes. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis, and the percentage distribution and odds ratios were calculated. Results: In the study period, a total of 697,957 RTAs occurred in Turkey. A total of 1,168,121 individuals have been wounded and 3534 of them have lost their lives. The majority of RTAs occurred on weekends and in summer months. Male individuals are more likely to be exposed to death and injuries related to accidents. When the vehicle type is considered, motorcycle drivers are under more risk for RTAs. RTAs are more likely to occur in rural areas. Conclusion: Male individuals and motorcyclists are under a great risk for RTAs. Strict laws are mandatory in order to reduce morbidity and mortality related to RTAs. Additionally, educational efforts must focus on two-wheelers and tractor drivers, particularly in developing countries.

scholarly journals The clinical profile and outcome of conservatively managed traumatic brain injuries and its implications on the timing of repeat CT scans

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Adil Abdulla ◽  
Sunil Sadanandan
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Serial Ct ◽  
Ct Finding

Background: Outcome of traumatic brain injury is multi factorial. It is common to follow up the conservatively managed patients with repeated CT scans at specific intervals. The study was to observe the epidemiology of TBI and ascertain utility of repeating CT scans in conservatively managed TBI.Methods: 318 patients with TBI admitted to a tertiary care center for a period of 1 year was studied. Adult patients, who have undergone multiple CT scans were included and patients underwent surgery or expired after first CT scan excluded. Personal details, clinical details and reason for repeated CT scan was studied. The change in management based on serial CT scans was measured as outcome.Results: Road traffic accidents were the cause of 69.1% of TBI. 72% of the patients were male. Commonest CT finding was occurrence of mixed lesions, seen in 44.3% patients. In patients who underwent repeated CT scans, the mean number of repeat CT scans were 3.7 CT (SD=1.001), while that of elective cases were 2.40 scans (SD=0.629). The use of routine CT scan for follow up did not alter the management of patients with TBI when compared to patients who underwent elective scans as none of them underwent any surgical intervention.Conclusions: RTA are commonest cause for TBI. Use of routine CT scans was not of advantage over elective scans as none of the patients had any change in management with use of repeat CT scans.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

HUBUNGAN ANTARA UMUR IBU DAN JARAK KEHAMILAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PERDARAHAN POSTPARTUM DI RUANG KEBIDANAN RSUD KOTA PRABUMULIH TAHUN 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desti Widya Astuti Desti Widya Astuti
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Post Partum Bleeding

ABSTRAK   Berdasarkan data di RSUD Kota Prabumulih bahwa terdapat peningkatan jumlah kejadian perdarahan post partum, tahun 2014 sebanyak 178 orang, tahun 2015 sebanyak 246 orang dan tahun 2016 sebanyak 151 orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan umur ibu dan jarak kehamilan terhadap kejadian perdarahan post partum di RSUD Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua ibu bersalin di RSUD Kota Prabumulih, sebanyak 1.296 ibu bersalin dan 306 sampel. Pengambilan sampel dengan mengunakan random sampling, analisa data menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik chi-square dengan derajat kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari 288 ibu bersalin terdapat 151 yang mengalami perdarahan post partum sebagian besar adalah ibu dengan umur resiko tinggi sebanyak 43 orang  (40,9%) dan ibu dengan jarak kehamilan resiko tinggi sebanyak 21 orang (17,3%). Hasil uju chi-square umur didapatkan p.value 0,000 < α 0,05 dan uji chi-square untuk jarak kehamilan didapatkan p.value 0,000 < α 0,05. Maka ada hubungan umur ibu dan jarak kehamilan terhadap kejadian perdarahan post partum di RSUD Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2016. ABSTRACK   Based on the data at District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih, there was increasing of post-partum bleeding, in 2014, there were 178 people. In 2015, there were 246 people. And in 2016, there were 151 people. The purpose of the study was to know relationship between maternal mother and the distance and old post-partum bleedingat District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih in 2013. The study was analytic researchwith cross sectional design. Population thas was used in the study was all maternal mother ar District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih. It was about 1.296 maternal mother and from 306. Random sampilng was done in the study, data analyses used univariate and bivariate analyses by using chi-square statistic test with significance level 0,05. The study result showed that from 306 maternal mother, there were 151 mother who experienced old post-partum bleeding, the large of that was high maternal mother 43 people  (40,9%) and mother age high distance 21 people (17,3%). The result of chi-square test was p value 0,000 < α 0,05 and chi-square test for age was p value 0,000 < α 0,05. It meant that there was relationship between maternal mother and the distance and of post-partum bleeding at District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih in 2016.

scholarly journals A Randomized, Controlled, Parallel-Group, Trial on the Effects of Melatonin on Fatigue Associated with Breast Cancer and Its Adjuvant Treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153473542098834
Author(s):  
Abdolazim Sedighi Pashaki ◽  
Kamal Mohammadian ◽  
Saeid Afshar ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Gholami ◽  
Abbas Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Severe Fatigue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Brief Fatigue Inventory ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T

Objective: Fatigue associated with malignant conditions and their treatments is a disabling condition. This trial assessed the anti-fatigue effects of melatonin coadministration during adjuvant treatment of patients with the breast cancer. Material and Methods: Patients with breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive melatonin or placebo during adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thirty-seven patients were randomly enrolled in each group. The mean ages of patients in the intervention and control groups were 50.47 ± 10.79 and 46.05 ± 10.55 years, respectively ( P = .223). The intervention group received oral melatonin (18 mg/day) from 1 week before until 1 month after the adjuvant radiotherapy. The level of fatigue was assessed before and after intervention using Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) in both groups. To analyze data, the Student’s t-test and the Chi-square test were used at a significance level of P ≤ .05. Results: The BFI score was similar before the intervention in both groups, however, after the intervention, it was significantly lower in the melatonin group ( P < .001). Moreover, the frequency of severe fatigue in the melatonin group was significantly lower than in the placebo group after intervention (42.1% vs 83.3%, P < .001). Conclusion: Coadministration of melatonin during adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy of women with breast cancer decreased the levels of fatigue associated with the malignant condition and its treatments.

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