Acute Effects of Verbal Encouragement and Listening to Preferred Music on Maximal Repeated Change-of-Direction Performance in Adolescent Elite Basketball Players—Preliminary Report

Verbal encouragement (VE) and listening to preferred music (PM) are considered effective ergogenic methods in strength and conditioning, but studies examining the effectiveness of these two methods simultaneously are lacking. This study analyzed the influence of PM and VE on repeated change-of-direction performance (R-CoD) in elite young basketball players. On alternate days, 18 elite young basketball players (17.2 ± 0.61 years; 189.8 ± 7 cm; 71.6 ± 6.7 kg; body fat: 12.3 ± 2.5%) were assessed on R-CoD under three randomized conditions: team-selected PM, VE, and control condition. Total time (TT), peak time (PT), and fatigue index were registered and compared across conditions. Significant differences across conditions were evidenced for TT and PT (F-test = 6.96 and 4.15, p < 0.05; large effect size), with better results in VE and PM than in the control condition and no significant differences between VE and PM. No correlations were evidenced between changes that occurred as a result of VE and those which occurred as a result of PM, indicating individual responsiveness of the players to VE and PM. The results evidenced positive acute effects of VE and PM on R-CoD performance, indicating the usefulness of these training methods in the conditioning of youth basketball players. Future studies should evaluate the applicability of VE and PM in the training of other conditioning capacities and the individual responsiveness of players toward VE and PM.

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Greater Power but Not Strength Gains Using Flywheel Versus Equivolumed Traditional Strength Training in Junior Basketball Players

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1181

Author(s):

Marko D. M. Stojanović ◽

Mladen Mikić ◽

Patrik Drid ◽

Julio Calleja-González ◽

Nebojša Maksimović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Training Group ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Significant Group ◽

Sprint Time ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Time Interaction ◽

And Control

The main aim of the present study was to compare the effects of flywheel strength training and traditional strength training on fitness attributes. Thirty-six well trained junior basketball players (n = 36; 17.58 ± 0.50 years) were recruited and randomly allocated into: Flywheel group (FST; n = 12), traditional strength training group (TST; n = 12) and control group (CON; n = 12). All groups attended 5 basketball practices and one official match a week during the study period. Experimental groups additionally participated in the eight-week, 1–2 d/w equivolume intervention conducted using a flywheel device (inertia = 0.075 kg·m−2) for FST or free weights (80%1 RM) for TST. Pre-to post changes in lower limb isometric strength (ISOMET), 5 and 20 m sprint time (SPR5m and SPR20m), countermovement jump height (CMJ) and change of direction ability (t-test) were assessed with analyses of variance (3 × 2 ANOVA). Significant group-by-time interaction was found for ISOMET (F = 6.40; p = 0.000), CMJ (F = 7.45; p = 0.001), SPR5m (F = 7.45; p = 0.010) and T test (F = 10.46; p = 0.000). The results showed a significantly higher improvement in CMJ (p = 0.006; 11.7% vs. 6.8%), SPR5m (p = 0.001; 10.3% vs. 5.9%) and t-test (p = 0.045; 2.4% vs. 1.5%) for FST compared to the TST group. Simultaneously, th FST group had higher improvement in ISOMET (p = 0.014; 18.7% vs. 2.9%), CMJ (p = 0.000; 11.7% vs. 0.3%), SPR5m (p = 0.000; 10.3% vs. 3.4%) and t-test (p = 0.000; 2.4% vs. 0.6%) compared to the CON group. Players from the TST group showed better results in CMJ (p = 0.006; 6.8% vs. 0.3%) and t-test (p = 0.018; 1.5% vs. 0.6%) compared to players from the CON group. No significant group-by-time interaction was found for sprint 20 m (F = 2.52; p = 0.088). Eight weeks of flywheel training (1–2 sessions per week) performed at maximum concentric intensity induces superior improvements in CMJ, 5 m sprint time and change of direction ability than equivolumed traditional weight training in well trained junior basketball players. Accordingly, coaches and trainers could be advised to use flywheel training for developing power related performance attributes in young basketball players.

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Effects of Plyometric, Strength and Change of Direction Training on High-School Basketball Player’s Physical Fitness

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2021-0036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 175-186

Author(s):

Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal ◽

Jose Galán Molina ◽

Guillermo de Castro-Maqueda ◽

José V. Gutiérrez-Manzanedo

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Control Group ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Before And After ◽

Group 2 ◽

Post Hoc ◽

And Control

Abstract The study aim was to compare the effects of a 7-week plyometric, strength and change of direction (COD) training program on basketball-specific performance measures in high-school players. Forty male players were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: plyometric (PG, n = 10), strength (SG, n = 10), COD (CODG, n = 10), and control group training (CG, n = 10). Two training sessions were performed at weekly intervals before basketball training. Performance of the counter movement jump (CMJ), Abalakov jump (ABKJ), 10 m zig-zag sprint, 20 m in line sprint (measurements at 10 and 20 m), and sit and reach flexibility test (SRFT) was assessed before and after the intervention. A 4 (group) × 2 (time) repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVA) was conducted for each variable. Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used when the interaction was significant. Significant (all p < 0.05) time x group interaction was noted for SRFT, CMJ, ABK, sprint, and zig-zag 10 m, in favor of the experimental groups compared to the control group. However, improvements in physical fitness were similar between the three experimental groups. In conclusion, 7 weeks of specific plyometric, strength and COD training produced similar medium to large improvements in physical fitness of high-school basketball players.

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The Effects of Plyometric Training on Change-of-Direction Ability: A Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2015-0694 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 563-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Abbas Asadi ◽

Hamid Arazi ◽

Warren B. Young ◽

Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Training Session ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Plyometric Training ◽

Strength And Conditioning ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Drop Jumps ◽

The Impact

Purpose:To show a clear picture about the possible variables of enhancements of change-of-direction (COD) ability using longitudinal plyometric-training (PT) studies and determine specific factors that influence the training effects.Methods:A computerized search was performed, and 24 articles with a total of 46 effect sizes (ESs) in an experimental group and 25 ESs in a control group were reviewed to analyze the role of various factors on the impact of PT on COD performance.Results:The results showed that participants with good fitness levels obtained greater improvements in COD performance (P < .05), and basketball players gained more benefits of PT than other athletes. Also, men obtained COD results similar to those of women after PT. In relation to the variables of PT design, it appears that 7 wk (with 2 sessions/wk) using moderate intensity and 100 jumps per training session with a 72-h rest interval tends to improve COD ability. Performing PT with a combination of different types of plyometric exercises such as drop jumps + vertical jumps + standing long jumps is better than 1 form of exercise.Conclusion:It is apparent that PT can be effective at improving COD ability. The loading parameters are essential for exercise professionals, coaches, and strength and conditioning professionals with regard to the most appropriate dose-response trends to optimize plyometric-induced COD-ability gains.

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The Relation off Knowledge Development to Children's Basketball Performance

Journal of Sport Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsp.9.1.15 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 149

Author(s):

Karen E. French ◽

Jerry R. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Specific Knowledge ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Cognitive Decision ◽

The Individual ◽

And Control ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This study examined the relationship of sport-specific knowledge to the development of children's skills in basketball. Two experiments were conducted. The first compared child expert and novice basketball players in two age leagues, 8-10 years and 11-12 years, on the individual components of basketball performance (control of the basketball, cognitive decisions, and motor execution) and on measures of basketball knowledge, dribbling skill, and shooting skill. Child expert players of both age groups possessed more shooting skill and more basketball knowledge. A canonical correlation analysis indicated that basketball knowledge was related to decision-making skill, whereas dribbling and shooting skill were related to the motor components of control and execution. Experiment 2 examined the changes in the individual components of performance, basketball knowledge, dribbling skill, and shooting skill from the beginning to the end of the season. Subjects improved in the cognitive decision-making and control components of performance across the course of the season, and basketball knowledge increased from the beginning to the end of the season. Only basketball knowledge was a significant predictor of the decision-making component at the end of the season. The overall results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicate that the development of the sport knowledge base plays a salient role in skilled sport performance of children.

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Fermented Millet “Ibyer” Beverage Enhanced with Ginger Powder: An Assessment of Microbiological, Pasting, Proximate, and Sensorial Properties

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11073151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 3151

Author(s):

Maria Iji Adakole ◽

Akama Friday Ogori ◽

Julius Kwagh-Hal Ikya ◽

Vincent Upev ◽

Giacomo Sardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Peak Time ◽

Powder Preparation ◽

Overall Acceptability ◽

Fiber Protein ◽

Ginger Powder ◽

Pasting Temperature ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Mouth Feel ◽

And Control

A fermented millet flour called “Ibyer” traditionally available in Nigeria is increasingly being enhanced with ginger powder, of which its quality characteristics to our best knowledge appears not yet reported. To supplement existing information, therefore, the microbiological (which involved bacteria and fungi counts), pasting (which involved peak viscosity, trough, breakdown, final viscosity, set back, peak time, and pasting temperature), proximate (which involved moisture, ash, crude fat, fiber, protein, as well as carbohydrates), and sensory (which involved appearance, aroma, mouth-feel, consistency, taste, and overall acceptability) properties of fermented millet “ibyer” beverage enhanced with ginger powder were investigated. The major experimental stages included assembly of millet flour and ginger powder, preparation of blend formulation, making of “ibyer” beverage blends, and laboratory analysis. The blend involved fermented millet flour (FMF) decreasing, and ginger powder (GP) increasing, by proportions. Results showed noticeable microbiological, pasting, proximate, and sensory differences between blend samples and control. Compared to control, the blend samples obtained reduced bacterial and fungal counts, with increased peak, trough, final, set back viscosities, peak time, and pasting temperature, as well as moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude protein contents, but yet, with decreased sensory appearance, aroma, mouthfeel, taste, and overall acceptability.

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Interactive effects between travel behaviour and COVID-19: a questionnaire study

Transportation Safety and Environment ◽

10.1093/tse/tdab003 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jinbao Zhang ◽

Jaeyoung Lee

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Travel Behaviour ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Individual Level ◽

Passenger Volume ◽

Spatial Autoregressive ◽

Railway Passenger ◽

The Individual ◽

And Control

Abstract This study has two main objectives: (i) to analyse the effect of travel characteristics on the spreading of disease, and (ii) to determine the effect of COVID-19 on travel behaviour at the individual level. First, the study analyses the effect of passenger volume and the proportions of different modes of travel on the spread of COVID-19 in the early stage. The developed spatial autoregressive model shows that total passenger volume and proportions of air and railway passenger volumes are positively associated with the cumulative confirmed cases. Second, a questionnaire is analysed to determine changes in travel behaviour after COVID-19. The results indicate that the number of total trips considerably decreased. Public transport usage decreased by 20.5%, while private car usage increased by 6.4%. Then the factors affecting the changes in travel behaviour are analysed by logit models. The findings reveal significant factors, including gender, occupation and travel restriction. It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for management and control of traffic during a pandemic.

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An Analysis of Sport-Specific Pain Symptoms through Inter-Individual Training Differences in CrossFit

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports9050068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Maria Bernstorff ◽

Norman Schumann ◽

Nader Maai ◽

Thomas Schildhauer ◽

Matthias Königshausen

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Personal Information ◽

Gluteus Medius ◽

Single Type ◽

Training Methods ◽

Personal Training ◽

Muscle Groups ◽

Small Muscle ◽

The Individual ◽

Pain Symptoms

Background: CrossFit is one of the fastest growing “high-intensity functional training” methods in recent years. Due to the very demanding motion sequences and high loads, it was initially assumed that there was an extremely high risk of injury. However, studies have shown that injury rates are given between 0.74–3.3 per 1000 h of training, which is not higher than in other individual sports such as weightlifting. The purpose of the study was to estimate the type of pain symptoms that are directly related to CrossFit, to estimate the frequency of injuries that occur within a population of recreational CrossFit athletes, and, finally, to identify the factors influencing the frequency of pain during CrossFit training. Methods: A total of 414 active CrossFit athletes completed an online survey inclusive of 29 items focusing on individual physical characteristics and training behavior, as well as simultaneous or previously practiced sports. Results: There was a significantly higher proportion of knee pain in athletes who had previously or simultaneously played another sport (p = 0.014). The duration, intensity, or type of personal training plan developed, along with personal information such as age, gender, or BMI, had no significant influence on the pain data. We could not find any significant variance between the groups that we formed based on the differently stated one-repetition max (RMs). There were differences in athletes who stated that they did specific accessory exercises for small muscle groups. Above all, athletes performing exercises for the hamstrings and the gluteus medius indicated fewer pain symptoms for the sacro-iliac joint (SIJ)/iliac and lower back locations. Conclusions: It is important not to see CrossFit as a single type of sport. When treating a CrossFit athlete, care should be taken to address inter-individual differences. This underlines the significant differences of this study between the individual athletes with regard to the ability to master certain skills or their previous sporting experience. The mere fact of mastering certain exercises seems to lead to significantly more pain in certain regions. In addition, there seems to be a connection between the previous or simultaneous participation in other sports and the indication of pain in the knee region.

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Acute effects of strength and endurance exercise on serum BDNF and IGF-1 levels in older men

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-01937-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hamid Arazi ◽

Parvin Babaei ◽

Makan Moghimi ◽

Abbas Asadi

Keyword(s):

Endurance Exercise ◽

Brain Function ◽

Older Men ◽

Control Group ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Control Groups ◽

Post Exercise ◽

And Control ◽

Serum Bdnf

Abstract Background Regarding an important effects of physical exercise on brain function in elders, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of strength and endurance exercise on brain neurobiological factors in older men. Methods Thirty older men volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to strength, endurance and control groups. The subjects in strength group performed two circuits of resistance exercise (6 exercises with 10 repetition of 65–70% of one repetition maximum), while endurance group performed 30 min running with 65–70% of maximal heart rate. Blood was obtained pre and post-exercise to determine changes in serum BDNF, IGF-1 and platelets. Results After exercise, both the strength and endurance groups showed significant increases in serum BDNF and IGF-1 concentrations and platelets at post-exercise and in comparison to control group (p < 0.05). In addition, no statistically significant differences were detected between the strength and endurance groups at post-exercise. Conclusion Our findings indicate that both the strength and endurance interventions are effective in elevating BDNF, IGF-1, and platelets, without significant differences between them.

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Medicolegal Causation Investigation of Bacterial Endocarditis Associated with an Oral Surgery Practice Using the INFERENCE Approach

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7530

Author(s):

Putri Dianita Ika Meilia ◽

Maurice P. Zeegers ◽

Herkutanto ◽

Michael D. Freeman

Keyword(s):

Oral Surgery ◽

Invasive Procedure ◽

Bacterial Endocarditis ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Healthcare Associated Infection ◽

Department Of Health ◽

The Individual ◽

Healthcare Associated ◽

And Control ◽

Causation Analysis

Investigating causation is a primary goal in forensic/legal medicine, aiming to establish the connection between an unlawful/negligent act and an adverse outcome. In malpractice litigation involving a healthcare-associated infection due to a failure of infection prevention and control practices, the medicolegal causal analysis needs to quantify the individual causal probabilities to meet the evidentiary requirements of the court. In this paper, we present the investigation of the most probable cause of bacterial endocarditis in a patient who underwent an invasive procedure at a dental/oral surgical practice where an outbreak of bacterial endocarditis had already been identified by the state Department of Health. We assessed the probability that the patient’s endocarditis was part of the outbreak versus that it was an unrelated sporadic infection using the INFERENCE (Integration of Forensic Epidemiology and the Rigorous Evaluation of Causation Elements) approach to medicolegal causation analysis. This paper describes the step-by-step application of the INFERENCE approach to demonstrate its utility in quantifying the probability of causation. The use of INFERENCE provides the court with an evidence-based, transparent, and reliable guide to determine liability, causation, and damages.

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