Facing Phototrophic Microorganisms That Colonize Artistic Fountains and Other Wet Stone Surfaces: Identification Keys

All fountains are inhabited by phototrophic microorganisms, especially if they are functional and located outdoors. This fact, along with the regular presence of water and the intrinsic bioreceptivity of stone material, easily favors the biological development. Many of these organisms are responsible for the biodeterioration phenomena and recognizing them could help to define the best strategies for the conservation and maintenance of monumental fountains. The presence of biological growth involves different activities for the conservation of artistic fountains. This paper is a review of the phototrophic biodiversity reported in 46 fountains and gives a whole vision on coping with biodeteriogens of fountains, being an elementary guide for professionals in the field of stone conservation. It is focused on recognizing the main phototrophs by using simplified dichotomous keys for cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms. Some basic issues related to the handling of the samples and with the control of these types of microalgae are also briefly described, in order to assist interested professionals when dealing with the biodiversity of monumental fountains.

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The Culicine Mosquitos of Syria and the Lebanon

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300023749 ◽

1943 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 245-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. C. M. Parr

Keyword(s):

Green Algae ◽

Single Female ◽

Important Work ◽

Identification Keys ◽

Detailed Survey ◽

Single Larva ◽

Eggs And Larvae ◽

Breeding Place

It was decided in May 1942 to make a survey of the Culicine mosquitos of Syria and the Lebanon, but the more important work dealing with the Anophelines prevented a complete and detailed one of the whole of Syria, though that of the Lebanon is more or less complete. Where only one or two records exist for any particular species, it cannot be presumed that these mosquitos are not common, and a subsequent detailed survey would probably reveal not a wider distribution of some species but also the presence of others not recorded here.Whenever possible, eggs and larvae were bred out and permanent mounts made of the larval and pupal skins, and consequently identification of most of the species was based on larval, pupal and adult characters.The identification keys used were taken from Marshall's “ British Mosquitoes ” 1938, and Kirkpatrick's “ Mosquitoes of Egypt ” 1925. It was found necessary to alter and to make new additions to these as they did not contain all those species found to be present.I wish to thank Lieutenant-Colonel MacDonald, R.A.M.C, Malariologist, for permitting me to complete this work, Major H. S. Leeson, R.A.M.C, Entomologist, and Major O. Theodor, R.A.M.C, Entomologist, for their invaluable help in the construction of the keys and the confirmation of the species.Uranotaenia unguiculata, Edw.-A single female was found resting among the vegetation in the daytime at Ammiq swamp in November, and a single larva was taken there in October. The breeding place was a small clay pit, 6–8 inches deep and containing green algae and a certain amount of vertical vegetation. U. unguiculata has not been found in any other part of Syria or the Lebanon.

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Genus Humidophila from caves in Serbia with an improved detailed description of rare H. brekkaensoides

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs200228022n ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 279-289

Author(s):

Natasa Nikolic ◽

Sladjana Popovic ◽

Danijela Vidakovic ◽

Gordana Subakov-Simic ◽

Jelena Krizmanic

Keyword(s):

Rare Species ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Artificial Light ◽

Cosmopolitan Species ◽

Identification Keys ◽

Phototrophic Microorganisms ◽

Different Dimensions ◽

First Time

Phototrophic microorganisms can be found in biofilms at entrances to caves where they have access to sufficient sunlight, water and nutrients; however, they can also be found inside caves, where they are carried by animals and people, and can proliferate in the presence of artificial light. Although the genus Humidophila includes some well-known cosmopolitan species, further exploration of its rare, insufficiently investigated representatives in different geographical areas and unusual habitats is necessary. Caves remain unknown, little-explored habitats, and many species currently known to science were recorded for the first time. This study aimed to report species belonging to the genus Humidophila that were identified in 19 caves in Serbia. A total of ten species of this genus were recorded and some of them are documented for the first time in Serbia. The most abundant species were H. contenta (found in 16 caves), H. paracontenta, and H. aerophila (found in 13 caves), whereas H. pyrenaica was identified in only one cave. The rare species, H. brekkaensoides and H. vidalii, were also documented and described, but with different dimensions from those provided in current identification keys.

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PESQUISA E FORMAÇÃO ESPECIALIZADA EM CONSERVAÇÃO DE MATERIAIS PÉTREOS: DA ARQUITETURA À INDÚSTRIA LÍTICA; DA ARTE ACADÊMICA AOS OBJETOS DE ARTE MODERNA E CONTEMPORÂNEA

Revista Geonomos ◽

10.18285/geonomos.v24i2.852 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Yacy-Ara Froner ◽

Luiz Antônio Cruz Souza

Keyword(s):

Material Culture ◽

Art History ◽

Graduate Programs ◽

Field Studies ◽

Specialized Training ◽

Stone Conservation ◽

Art Objects ◽

Stone Materials ◽

Specialized Education ◽

Stone Material

ResumoSerra da Capivara (PI), Sambaquis Catarinenses (SC), a indústria lítica da tradição Umbu do sul do país (RS), muiraquitãs amazonas (AM), Congonhas e Inhotim (MG). A investigação no campo de conservação de materiais pétreos pode não ser a primeira coisa que vem à mente ao anunciar esses locais, e isso ocorre porque a pesquisa em Arquitetura, Arqueologia ou no campo da História da Arte nem sempre foca questões de materialidade e de preservação nos estudos acerca da cultura material. Este trabalho pretende fornecer uma visão geral da investigação sobre a conservação do patrimônio construído em pedra a partir de uma revisão da literatura. Do período entre guerras ao contexto atual, autores como Price & Doehne (2010), entre outros, têm alargado o debate em torno do tema e gerado um campo sinergético de estudos. Quais foram as mudanças substanciais ocorridas nas últimas décadas? Além de uma formação especializada decorrente do International Stone Conservation Course promovido pelo ICCROM desde 1976, inúmeros laboratórios, centros de pesquisas e programas de pós-graduação têm investido em estudos transdisciplinares como parte do pensamento complexo da ciência pós-moderna. Este pensamento abarca distintos atores dos mais diversos campos de pesquisa com o intuito de promover uma visão ampliada da área.Palavras Chave: formação em conservação, acervos líticos, materiais pétreosAbstractRESEARCH AND SPECIALIZED EDUCATION IN CONSERVATION OF STONE MATERIALS: FROM ARCHITECTURE TO LYTIC INDUSTRY; FROM ACADEMIC ART TO MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY ART OBJECTS. Serra da Capivara (PI-Brazil), Sambaquis Catarinenses (SC-Brazil), lithical industry of South (RS), muiraquitãs from Amazonas (AM), Congonhas and Inhotim (MG-Brazil). Research in the conservation of stone materials field is not the first thing that we think when we named these places, and it happens because the research in the field of architecture, archaeology and art history do not always focuses on materiality issues and conservation studies about of material culture. This work aims to provide an overview of research on the conservation of the heritage built in stone from a literature review. Authors such as Price & Doehne (2010), among others, have extended the debate on the issue and generated a synergetic field studies. What were the major changes that have occurred in recent decades in the field of stone conservation? In addition to specialized training due to the International Stone Conservation Course organized by ICCROM since 1976, numerous laboratories, research centers and graduate programs have endowed in transdisciplinary studies as part of the complex thinking of postmodern science. This thought includes various actors from several fields of research in order to promote an enlarged view of the area.Keywords: conservation training, lithic collections, stone material

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Freeze-Fracture Replication in the Ultrastructure of Blue-Green Algae

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100060386 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 74-75

Author(s):

L. V. Leak

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Green Algae ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Photosynthetic Membranes ◽

Blue Green Algae ◽

Cell Biol ◽

Cellular Components

Electron microscopic observations of freeze-fracture replicas of Anabaena cells obtained by the procedures described by Bullivant and Ames (J. Cell Biol., 1966) indicate that the frozen cells are fractured in many different planes. This fracturing or cleaving along various planes allows one to gain a three dimensional relation of the cellular components as a result of such a manipulation. When replicas that are obtained by the freeze-fracture method are observed in the electron microscope, cross fractures of the cell wall and membranes that comprise the photosynthetic lamellae are apparent as demonstrated in Figures 1 & 2.A large portion of the Anabaena cell is composed of undulating layers of cytoplasm that are bounded by unit membranes that comprise the photosynthetic membranes. The adjoining layers of cytoplasm are closely apposed to each other to form the photosynthetic lamellae. Occassionally the adjacent layers of cytoplasm are separated by an interspace that may vary in widths of up to several 100 mu to form intralamellar vesicles.

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A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Pro-Vascular Cellular Morphology in Chaetophora Incressata

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119880 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 638-639

Author(s):

A. E. Hotchkiss ◽

A. T. Hotchkiss ◽

R. P. Apkarian

Keyword(s):

Green Algae ◽

Vascular Plants ◽

Vascular System ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽

Scanning Electron

Multicellular green algae may be an ancestral form of the vascular plants. These algae exhibit cell wall structure, chlorophyll pigmentation, and physiological processes similar to those of higher plants. The presence of a vascular system which provides water, minerals, and nutrients to remote tissues in higher plants was believed unnecessary for the algae. Among the green algae, the Chaetophorales are complex highly branched forms that might require some means of nutrient transport. The Chaetophorales do possess apical meristematic groups of cells that have growth orientations suggestive of stem and root positions. Branches of Chaetophora incressata were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for ultrastructural evidence of pro-vascular transport.

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