QuEChERS-Based Methodology for the Screening of Alkylphenols and Bisphenol A in Dairy Products Using LC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS

A simple methodology was developed for the determination of four Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in dairy products. The EDCs included alkylphenols (4-tert-octylphenol, technical nonylphenol isomers, 4-nonylphenol) and bisphenol-A. The methodology consisted of a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction followed by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to the hybrid LTQ/Orbitrap mass spectrometer (MS). The high resolution (HR) analysis provided the required selectivity demonstrating excellent sensitivity and enabled the high-mass accuracy of the analytes within short time of analysis, after a chemometric optimization of the instrument parameters. An experimental design was employed for the estimation of the effect of different parameters on the QuEChERS extraction efficiency to obtain the optimum conditions. Method validation proved that analysis exhibited excellent linearity (R2 > 0.9966), low enough precision (0.6 to 13.3%) and recoveries in the range of 91 to 108%. Limits of detection (LOD < 6.5 ng g−1) and quantification (LOQ < 20 ng g−1) as well as matrix effects (ME) were also evaluated. The optimized method was successfully applied to analyze dairy commodities varying in fat content and packaging material including milk, yogurts and infant formulae. Detected concentration levels (MDL-10.4 ng g−1) for bisphenol-A BPA in milk samples resulted in 0.36% of TDI for the medium case (average BPA concentrations) and 1.15% of TDI for the worst case (maximum BPA concentration).

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Effect of Polyphosphate on Removal of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals of Nonylphenol and Bisphenol-A by Activated Carbons

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2005.052 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 484-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Keun J. Choi ◽

Sang G. Kim ◽

Chang W. Kim ◽

Seung H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Surface Charge ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Dipole Interaction ◽

High Affinity ◽

Calcium Polyphosphate ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Positively Charged

Abstract This study examined the effect of polyphosphate on removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as nonylphenol and bisphenol-A by activated carbons. It was found that polyphosphate aided in the removal of nonylphenol and bisphenol- A. Polyphosphate reacted with nonylphenol, likely through dipole-dipole interaction, which then improved the nonylphenol removal. Calcium interfered with this reaction by causing competition. It was found that polyphosphate could accumulate on carbon while treating a river. The accumulated polyphosphate then aided nonylphenol removal. The extent of accumulation was dependent on the type of carbon. The accumulation occurred more extensively with the wood-based used carbon than with the coal-based used carbon due to the surface charge of the carbon. The negatively charged wood-based carbon attracted the positively charged calcium-polyphosphate complex more strongly than the uncharged coal-based carbon. The polyphosphate-coated activated carbon was also effective in nonylphenol removal. The effect was different depending on the type of carbon. Polyphosphate readily attached onto the wood-based carbon due to its high affinity for polyphosphate. The attached polyphosphate then improved the nonylphenol removal. However, the coating failed to attach polyphosphate onto the coal-based carbon. The nonylphenol removal performance of the coal-based carbon remained unchanged after the polyphosphate coating.

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Environmental exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their role in endometriosis: a systematic literature review

Reviews on Environmental Health ◽

10.1515/reveh-2020-0046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diksha Sirohi ◽

Ruqaiya Al Ramadhani ◽

Luke D. Knibbs

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Phthalate Esters ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Positive Association ◽

Environmental Chemicals ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Organochlorinated Pesticides ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

The Relationship

AbstractPurposeEndocrine-related diseases and disorders are on the rise globally. Synthetically produced environmental chemicals (endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)) mimic hormones like oestrogen and alter signalling pathways. Endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent condition, affecting 10–15% of women of the reproductive age, and has substantial impacts on the quality of life. The aetiology of endometriosis is believed to be multifactorial, ranging from genetic causes to immunologic dysfunction due to environmental exposure to EDCs. Hence, we undertook a systematic review and investigated the epidemiological evidence for an association between EDCs and the development of endometriosis. We also aimed to assess studies on the relationship between body concentration of EDCs and the severity of endometriosis.MethodFollowing PRISMA guidelines, a structured search of PubMed, Embase and Scopus was conducted (to July 2018). The included studies analysed the association between one or more EDCs and the prevalence of endometriosis. The types of EDCs, association and outcome, participant characteristics and confounding variables were extracted and analysed. Quality assessment was performed using standard criteria.ResultsIn total, 29 studies were included. Phthalate esters were positively associated with the prevalence of endometriosis. The majority (71%) of studies revealed a significant association between bisphenol A, organochlorinated environmental pollutants (dioxins, dioxin-like compounds, organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls) and the prevalence of endometriosis. A positive association between copper, chromium and prevalence of endometriosis was demonstrated in one study only. Cadmium, lead and mercury were not associated with the prevalence of endometriosis. There were conflicting results for the association between nickel and endometriosis. The relationship of EDCs and severity of endometriosis was not established in the studies.ConclusionWe found some evidence to suggest an association between phthalate esters, bisphenol A, organochlorinated environmental pollutants and the prevalence of endometriosis. Disentangling these exposures from various other factors that affect endometriosis is complex, but an important topic for further research.

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Metabolic syndrome and endocrine disrupting chemicals: exposure and health effects

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

E Haverinen ◽

R Lange ◽

H Tolonen

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Health Effects ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Positive Association ◽

Human Biomonitoring ◽

European Population ◽

Priority Substances ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Endocrine Disrupting

Abstract Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is causing significant health burden among the European population. Current knowledge supports the notion that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with human metabolism and hormonal balance, contributing to the conventionally recognized life-style related risk factors for MetS. In relation to the Human biomonitoring initiative (HBM4EU) five priority substances (Bisphenol A, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), Phthalates, Cadmium and Arsenic) and their association with adverse metabolic health effects were examined. A methodological framework for scoping reviews was followed to increase consistency and transparency throughout the process. A literature review was conducted to identify epidemiological studies focusing on the association between MetS or its individual components and the five HBM4EU priority substances. Human biomonitoring studies have been able to present evidence supporting EDC exposure and development of individual MetS components; however the strength of the association varies between the components and EDCs. Most of the identified literature examined Bisphenol A and Phthalate exposure, usually targeting obesity, anthropometrics or glucose metabolism. Evidence suggests a positive association between Bisphenol A and Phthalate exposure and obesity-related components. The substance group of PFASs indicated weakest association, as the results were inconsistent and were suggestive only for a positive association with development of dyslipidaemia. Current evidence on metabolic disturbances and EDCs are inconclusive and fragmented, hence establishing harmonized and standardized human biomonitoring procedures among the European population are needed. Rigorous and ongoing human biomonitoring in combination with health monitoring could provide comprehensive information on EDC exposure and association of metabolic disturbances. Key messages EDC exposure is ubiquitous within European population, hence more human biomonitoring in combination with health surveys is needed to strengthen knowledge on human’s metabolic health. MetS is an increasing global health concern, which requires novel approaches to tackle the challenge.

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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Breast Cancer: The Saga of Bisphenol A

Estrogen Receptor and Breast Cancer - Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-99350-8_13 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 343-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nira Ben-Jonathan

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Endocrine Disrupting

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Occurrence of chemicals with known or suspected endocrine disrupting activity in drinking water, groundwater and surface water, Austria 2017/2018

Die Bodenkultur Journal of Land Management Food and Environment ◽

10.2478/boku-2018-0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 155-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Werner Brueller ◽

Norbert Inreiter ◽

Thomas Boegl ◽

Martin Rubasch ◽

Samim Saner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Surface Water ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Limit Value ◽

Bathing Water ◽

Drinking Water Resources ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Polybrominated Diphenylethers

Summary Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cause adverse effects in individuals and their offspring. In 2017 and 2018, we performed a survey on representative samples of Austrian drinking water (n = 20), groundwater (n = 22), and surface water (n = 12), the latter including bathing water (n = 5) and rivers (n = 7). We analyzed 54 samples for 28 parameters, including estrogens, polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), phthalates, perfluoroalkyl substances, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and triclosan, correlating to 1512 measurements. In 39 of the 54 samples (72.2%), at least one endocrine disrupting or potentially disrupting chemical was found at or above the limit of quantification. None of the samples yielded estrogens or triclosan in detectable levels. Bisphenol A (BPA) was detected in 4 (20.0%) samples of drinking water, in 1 (4.5%) groundwater sample, and in 1 (20%) bathing water sample, with a maximum concentration of 0.021 μg/l found in one drinking water. Two drinking water samples yielded BPA in concentrations above the limit value of 0.01 μg/l, recently proposed by the European Commission for drinking water. Therefore, the ultimate public health goal must be to further reduce and restrict the production of EDCs and therewith decrease and eventually eliminate the contamination of drinking water resources.

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A mixture of five endocrine-disrupting chemicals modulates concentrations of bisphenol A and estradiol in mice

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 193 ◽

pp. 321-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tyler Pollock ◽

Rachel E. Weaver ◽

Ramtin Ghasemi ◽

Denys deCatanzaro

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Endocrine Disrupting

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Is There a Link between Bisphenol A (BPA), a Key Endocrine Disruptor, and the Risk for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe COVID-19?

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9103296 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 3296

Author(s):

Aeman Zahra ◽

Cristina Sisu ◽

Elisabete Silva ◽

Sophie-Christine De Aguiar Greca ◽

Harpal S. Randeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Potential Role ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

Transmembrane Serine Protease ◽

G Protein Coupled

Infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of a new disease (COVID-19). The risk of severe COVID-19 is increased by certain underlying comorbidities, including asthma, cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Notably, exposure to hormonally active chemicals called endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can promote such cardio-metabolic diseases, endocrine-related cancers, and immune system dysregulation and thus, may also be linked to higher risk of severe COVID-19. Bisphenol A (BPA) is among the most common EDCs and exerts its effects via receptors which are widely distributed in human tissues, including nuclear oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), membrane-bound oestrogen receptor (G protein-coupled receptor 30; GPR30), and human nuclear receptor oestrogen-related receptor gamma. As such, this paper focuses on the potential role of BPA in promoting comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19, as well as on potential BPA-induced effects on key SARS-CoV-2 infection mediators, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Interestingly, GPR30 appears to exhibit greater co-localisation with TMPRSS2 in key tissues like lung and prostate, suggesting that BPA exposure may impact on the local expression of these SARS-CoV-2 infection mediators. Overall, the potential role of BPA on the risk and severity of COVID-19 merits further investigation.

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Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Insulin Resistance in Children

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8060137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 137 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eleonora Rotondo ◽

Francesco Chiarelli

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Background Exposure

The purpose of this article is to review the evidence linking background exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with insulin resistance in children. Although evidence in children is scarce since very few prospective studies exist even in adults, evidence that EDCs might be involved in the development of insulin resistance and related diseases such as obesity and diabetes is accumulating. We reviewed the literature on both cross-sectional and prospective studies in humans and experimental studies. Epidemiological studies show a statistical link between exposure to pesticides, polychlorinated bisphenyls, bisphenol A, phthalates, aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbides, or dioxins and insulin resistance.

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