scholarly journals Retrofitting Sea Cucumber Nursery Tanks to Recirculating Aquaculture Systems for Highly Intensive Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9478
Author(s):  
Yishuai Du ◽  
Jianping Xu ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Fudi Chen ◽  
Tianlong Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems ◽  
Total Ammonia

Designing good recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) is challenging in shrimp aquaculture. In this study, two sets of RASs were constructed using sea cucumber nursery tanks for rearing Litopenaeus vannamei. Recirculating aquaculture was supported by key technologies such as sewage collection and aeration systems adapted to the rectangular tanks and technologies for the removal of sewage, shrimp shells, and dead individuals. Six-hundred and eighty-five thousand juveniles were selected for rearing in the newly constructed RASs, where the average stocking density was 1013 shrimp/m3. During the recirculating aquaculture period of 53 days, the water temperature of the tanks was 24–31 °C, the salinity was 25–32‰, the pH was 6.4–8.2, the DO was ≥ 4.9 mg/L, the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was maintained between 0.17 and 4.9 mg/L, the concentration of nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) was between 0.12 and 4.7 mg/L, and the total number of Vibrio bacteria remained between 330 and 9700 cfu/mL. At the end of the experiment, the final average weight of individual shrimp was 13.43 g, and the average yield reached 12.92 kg/m3. The great improvement in growth performance marks a breakthrough in RAS technology of shrimp, and it supports the use of an innovative methodology for the retrofitting and utilization of idle sea cucumber nursery tanks.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Ammonia Removal and Nitrifying Microbial Communities in a Hybrid Biofloc-RAS for Intensive Litopenaeus vannamei Culture: A Pilot-Scale Study

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3000
Author(s):  
Wujie Xu ◽  
Yu Xu ◽  
Haochang Su ◽  
Xiaojuan Hu ◽  
Keng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
High Feed

Ammonia is the main pollution factor of the aquatic environment in marine shrimp culture systems. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the combination of biofloc technology and nitrifying biofilter for the ammonia removal, a 70-day production trial was conducted in a simplified pilot-scale hybrid biofloc-based recirculating aquaculture system (biofloc-RAS) with the intensive culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Nitrogen dynamics and nitrifying microbial communities were investigated in three replicated systems simultaneously under the conditions of high feed loading and zero water exchange. Along with biofloc development in the culture tank and biofilm formation in the nitrifying biofilter during the trial, nitrification could be fastly and effectively established in the system, which was indicated by the dynamics of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), NO2–-N, NO3–-N, and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations. Meanwhile, similar nitrifying microorganisms could be found between biofloc and biofilm, despite some differences in abundance, diversity, and composition of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. High TAN removal rate could be achieved and was significantly and positively correlated with abundances of these nitrifying microbial communities in both biofloc and biofilm, further indicating that both biofloc and biofilm could contribute highly to nitrification performance of the biofloc-RAS. The results of this study indicate a potential application of the biofloc-RAS in coastal intensive aquaculture.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Stocking Density of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Cultured in Recirculation Aquaculture System

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Dewi Puspaningsih ◽  
Lies Setijaningsih ◽  
Eri Setiadi ◽  
Imam Taufik
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

In Indonesia, the use of such recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) is rapidly increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth, blood chemistry, and water quality of snakehead fish (C. striata) maintained in RAS at varied stocking densities. The RAS was established at the Bogor-based Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension. The study employed a completely randomized study using 3 various densities: A). 1 individual L-1, B). 3 individual L-1 and c). 6 individuals L-1, each using three replications. The average weight and length of snakehead fish used is 1.50±0.63 g and 6.20±0.94 cm. Growth performances such as survival rate, weight, and length gain, food conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and final biomass were observed during the research. Blood chemistry parameters analyzed were blood glucose, triglycerides, and total protein. The water quality characteristics were evaluated: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, and orthophosphate. The analysis indicates that snakehead fish's growth performances and blood chemistry parameters differed considerably (P<0.05) across all density treatments, with 3 individual L-1 showing the best growth performances. The RAS utilized in snakehead fish culture kept the water quality parameters steady throughout the study.

Transcriptional response of immune-related genes in Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems with and without biofloc

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Soto-Alcalá ◽  
Píndaro Álvarez-Ruiz ◽  
J. M. Audelo-Naranjo ◽  
H. M. Esparza-Leal ◽  
I. E. Luis-Villaseñor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems ◽  
Immune Related Genes

scholarly journals KEPADATAN OPTIMUM UNTUK MENUNJANG TINGKAT KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP BENIH IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) PADA TRANSPORTASI SISTEM TERTUTUP

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mas Bayu Syamsunarno ◽  
Muh Kholik Maulana ◽  
Forcep Rio Indaryanto ◽  
Mustahal Mustahal
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Optimum Density ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Total Ammonia

Abstract: This research aims to determine the optimum density in closed system transportation of milkfish juvenile. Milkfish juveniles used in the research had an average weight 1.48±0.12 g. The study consisted of several stages, namelydetermining the ability to fast fish, determining the level of oxygen consumption, determining the rate of excretion of total ammonia nitrogen and determining the optimum density in transportation for 48 hours.The treatments were performed differences in the density of 100, 150, 200, and 250 fish/L using polyethylene plastic size 35x50 cm and styrofoam size of 75 × 43 × 40 cm.The results showed the seed fish can survive and swim actively for 7 days without feeding with oxygen consumption rate as much as 2640 mgO2 and TAN excretion rate 0.1200 mg/L. The different treatment of density had an effect on the survival rate of milkfish juvenile. The optimal density for transportation of milkfish juvenile size 1.48 ± 0.12 g in a closed transportation system with a time of 48 hours is 150 juvenile/L with a 100% survival rate. At the density 250 juvenile/L, the can be done with a long time of 30 hours and resulted in a survival rate above 99%.  Keyword: Chanos chanos, Density, Transportation closed system, Survival rate, Water Quality Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kepadatan optimal dan lama waktu dalam transportasi sistem tertutup benih ikan bandeng.Benih ikan bandeng yang digunakan memiliki bobot rata-rata 1,48±0,12g. Penelitian terdiri dari beberapa tahap, yaitu penentuan ketahanan ikan tanpa diberi makan, tingkat konsumsi oksigen, laju ekskresi total amoniak nitrogen dan kepadatan optimal benih ikan bandeng dalam transportasi selama 48 jam. Perlakuan yang dilakukan perbedaan kepadatan yaitu 100, 150, 200, dan 250 ekor/L dengan menggunakan plastik polyetylen (PE) ukuran 35x50 cm dan styrofoam ukuran 75×43×40 cm.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan benih ikan bandeng mampu bertahan hidup dan berenang aktif selama 7 hari pemuasaan ikan dengan tingkat konsumsi oksigen sebanyak 2640 mgO2 dan laju ekskresi TAN 0,1200 mg/L.Perlakuan perbedaan kepadataan berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup benih ikan bandeng.Kepadatan optimal untuk transportasi benih ikan bandeng ukuran 1,48±0,12 g/ekor pada sistem transportasi tertutup selama 48 jam adalah 150 ekor/L dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 100%. Pada kepadatan 250 ekor/L, transportasi dapat dilakukan dengan lama waktu 30 jam dan menghasilkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup di atas 99%. Kata Kunci: Ikan bandeng, Kepadatan, Kualitas Air, Transportasi sistem tertutup, Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup

scholarly journals Density-dependent Growth of Endangered Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822) in Nursery Ponds

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
MA Samad ◽  
MM Rasid ◽  
MR Haque ◽  
AK Paul ◽  
H Ferdaushy
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Labeo Bata ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dependent Growth

The effect of stocking density on growth performance and survival rate of endangered Labeo bata, was conducted in nursery ponds from 14th June to 13th August, 2013. Three different stocking densities viz. 500, 600 and 700 piece-1 decimal were assigned as treatment T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The initial average weight of L. bata was 0.15±008 g. Hatchlings in all the nursery ponds were fed indigenous feed (26.95% crude protein) for 8 weeks. Temperature, ammonia nitrogen, pH had no significant differences (P<0.05). Final weight (g) was found to be the highest (4.06±0.06) in T1 and the lowest (3.20±0.03) in T3. The mean values of weight gain (g) was the highest (3.91±0.06) in T1 and the lowest (3.05±0.03) in T3. SGR was highest (5.49±0.02) in T1 and lowest (5.09±0.02) in T3. Yet again, survival rate was highest (70.33±0.88) in T1 where stocking density was the lowest among those aforementioned three treatments and lowest (61.00±0.58) in T3 where the stocking density was the highest among the treatments. And finally production (kg-1ha) was found highest (352.66±4.42) in T1 and lowest (337.50±3.19) in T3. Rearing of the Labeo bata fry in those three different stocking densities showed significant (p<0.05) variation both in highest survival and growth performance. Overall production of L. bata in treatment T1 was significantly higher than that of the other two treatments T2 and T3. Despite of this, consistently higher CBR was found from treatments T1 (1:1.78) than from treatment T2 (1:1.25) and T3 (1:1.06).J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(1): 67-73 2016

scholarly journals Effects of water quality and stocking density on growth performance of juvenile cod (Gadus morhua L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Björnsson ◽  
Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract In a 5-month experiment where groups of juvenile cod were reared in a flow-through system at low density (Group 1) and in a recirculating system at low (Group 2) and high densities (Group 3), the recirculated water had negative effects on growth rate, nutritional condition, and mortality. After the first month, mean weight was significantly larger in Group 1 than in the other two groups. The effect of stocking density on mean weight was not significant until the end of the experiment, when densities were 9.0 and 48.3 kg m−3 in Groups 2 and 3, respectively. Initial mean weight of fish was 37.3 g and at the termination of the experiment mean weights were 225.2, 181.8, and 167.9 g in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. After 5 months, mean condition factors were 1.074, 0.965, and 0.946, mean liver indices 9.5, 9.0, and 7.6, and mean mortalities over the course of the experiment were 1.0%, 5.1%, and 2.4% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Water temperature (10.4–10.6°C), pH (7.2–7.4) and oxygen concentration (8–10 mg l−1) were similar among groups. Concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was similar among groups for the first half of the experiment (0.3–0.4), but during the last month it was 0.6, 1.3, and 1.5 mg l−1 in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was a negative correlation (r2 = 0.48, n = 36) between relative growth rate and TAN, suggesting that ammonia may have been a limiting factor in the recirculating system. The apparent threshold limit of TAN for reduced growth was approximately 1 mg l−1.

scholarly journals SUBSTANTIATING SCALES OF SIMILARITY OF OPTICAL QUANTITIES IN HYDROBIONT GROWING SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Alexander Alekseevich Nedostup ◽  
Alexey Olegovich Razhev ◽  
Evgeniy Ivanovich Khrustalyov ◽  
Kseniia Andreevna Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Optimal Algorithm ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Similarity Criteria ◽  
Light Effect ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems ◽  
Growing Conditions

The article highlights the problems of physical modeling the elements of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and open aquaculture cages (OAC) for hydrobionts growing, in particular, the question of substantiating the rules of optical quantities similarity has been raised. Formulation of the problem is based on the assumption that using the computer vision which controls the behavioral reactions of hydrobionts to the growing conditions (e.g. light effect) will make the biotechnological process controllable in RAS and OAC and, as a result, more efficient. Evaluating the light effect on biological objects as to the depth of its penetration into the basins, the degree of its dispersion among the aquatic organisms and other characteristics can become an important element of computer vision. This fact will help to choose the optimal algorithm for the biotechnical process, for example, to calculate the daily feed portion and feeding periods, to define the optimal place for feeding, to determine the appropriate sorting time, the optimal stocking density, etc. There have been proposed the additional similarity scales for optical quantities, methods for their calculation and graphs of their dependences on the geometric scale Cl. However, one should know that achieving the complete similarity is absolutely impossible, no matter how large the list of similarity criteria is.

scholarly journals Stress response in transport of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum using the anesthetic benzocaine

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-642
Author(s):  
Janaína S. Pedron ◽  
Denise S. Miron ◽  
Ricardo V. Rodrigues ◽  
Marcelo H. Okamoto ◽  
Marcelo B. Tesser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Total Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Total Ammonia

This experiment evaluated the efficacy of benzocaine to reduce stress response during transport of juvenile cobia. Fish (30 g) were packed in bags and transported for 8 h (stocking density = 10 g L-1). Three concentrations of benzocaine were evaluated: 0, 2, and 6 mg L-1. Blood samples were taken for glucose and hematocrit before transportation, and then at 0, 2, 24, and 48 h after. Water quality parameters were verified. No mortality was observed. Total ammonia nitrogen was higher (2.46 mg L-1) and pH was lower (6.92) at 2 mg benzocaine L-1. There was an increase in blood glucose for all treatments on arrival, and it was higher for those exposed to benzocaine at 6 mg L-1, although at 48 h they were all similar. The hematocrit did not differ among treatments. The results suggest: 1) the density 10 g L-1 is considered safe for juvenile cobia transport; 2) benzocaine did not mitigate stress response on cobia during transport, therefore its use is not recommended for this purpose.

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