Current Challenges Supporting School-Aged Children with Vision Problems: A Rapid Review

Many children have undetected vision problems or insufficient visual information processing that may be a factor in lower academic outcomes. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the importance of vision screening for school-aged children, and to investigate the possibilities of how eye-tracking (ET) technologies can support this. While there are indications that these technologies can support vision screening, a broad understanding of how to apply them and by whom, and if it is possible to utilize them at schools, is lacking. We review interdisciplinary research on performing vision investigations, and discuss current challenges for technology support. The focus is on exploring the possibilities of ET technologies to better support screening and handling of vision disorders, especially by non-vision experts. The data orginate from a literature survey of peer-reviewed journals and conference articles complemented by secondary sources, following a rapid review methodology. We highlight current trends in supportive technologies for vision screening, and identify the involved stakeholders and the research studies that discuss how to develop more supportive ET technologies for vision screening and training by non-experts.

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Pulse and Progress of Venture Capital Financing in India: An Analytical Study

Think India ◽

10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8328 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 553-562

Author(s):

Dr. Devarajappa S

Keyword(s):

Venture Capital ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Economic Empowerment ◽

Statistical Tools ◽

Venture Capital Investment ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Current Trends ◽

Capital Financing ◽

Secondary Information

The Main objective of the paper is to examine the current trends and progress of the venture capital in India and the paper also highlights the concept and stages of financing of venture capital. To meet the aim objective of the study the researcher used secondary sources. The required secondary information has been collected through various articles, reports, magazines’ and websites. To examine the trends of venture capital in India, IVCA (Indian Venture Capital Association) report is used. For the purpose of examine the data; the statistical tools like Mean, Standard Deviation, Charts and ANOVA, Correlation coefficient have been employed. The study concludes that, the venture capital investment has been increasing in India and this is the positive indication for the country, to curb the unemployment, economic empowerment of people through maximizing startups in India

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Effective Elements for Workplace Responses to Critical Incidents and Suicide: A Rapid Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094821 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4821

Author(s):

Tania Pearce ◽

Lyndal Bugeja ◽

Sarah Wayland ◽

Myfanwy Maple

Keyword(s):

Critical Incidents ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Study Quality ◽

Training Module ◽

Critical Response ◽

Response Training ◽

Academic Search ◽

And Training

Despite high rates of critical incidents (CIs) in working class occupations, there is a significant gap in our understanding of responses to these events. In this study, we aimed to inform a response training module by synthesising the key elements of pre-, during- and post-incident responses to CIs and suicide in the workplace. A rapid review identified studies on responses to CIs or suicide deaths in the workplace published between January 2015 and June 2020. A systematic search of six databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociology Collection, Academic Search and Business Search Complete) and grey literature was performed. Studies were excluded if the focus was on non-colleagues. Two reviewers independently conducted record screening, a review of the full text and assessed study quality. The existing evidence was synthesised and interventions were categorised using Haddon’s Matrix. Five studies were included, reporting on CIs across a range of workplace settings, including railways, factories, police and military, along with external critical response units. Overall, study quality was assessed as being poor. Most of the evidence focused on the pre-incident and post-incident stage. There is little evidence on responses to CIs in the workplace. Evidence-based education and training is necessary to establish organisational responses to assist with supporting workers exposed to workplace CIs.

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Unexpectedly high prevalence of asthenopia in Australian school children identified by the CISS survey tool

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-020-01642-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Barbara M. Junghans ◽

Serap Azizoglu ◽

Sheila G. Crewther

Keyword(s):

Handheld Devices ◽

Vision Screening ◽

School Students ◽

Visual Discomfort ◽

Survey Tool ◽

School Aged Children ◽

School Vision ◽

Accommodative Convergence ◽

The Mean ◽

General School

Abstract Background To date there have been few systematic attempts to establish the general prevalence of asthenopia in unselected populations of school-aged children. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the incorporation of Borsting et al’s 2003 Revised Convergence-Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) into a general school vision screening could aid in the identification of children with visual discomfort and indicate the need for further investigation. Methods Vision screening of an unselected middle school population investigated and analysed the incidence of self-reported nearwork-related visual discomfort via the CISS along with distance and near visual acuities plus non-cycloplegic autorefraction using a Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001. Results Of the 384 unselected students approached in Grades 6–9, 353 participated (92.2%, mean 13.2 ± 1.4 years). The mean CISS score for the population without amblyopia and/or strabismus (96.0% of all students) was 16.8 ± 0.6, i.e., 45% of students in this cohort had CISS scores greater than one standard deviation above the mean found by Borsting et al. in 2003 during their validation study of the CISS on 9 to 18 year old children without binocular anomalies. Regression analyses indicated significantly higher (p < 0.001) mean CISS scores for the 3.2% who were hyperopes ≥ + 2.00D by non-cycloplegic autorefraction (27.7 ± 14.7) and for those who were amblyopic (24.3 ± 6.6) or strabismic (34.0 ± 9.8). The mean CISS score of 31.6 ± 9.0 for non-amblyopic/strabismic students having near vision poorer than 0.1 LogMAR was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than for those with good acuity. Conclusion The most important finding of this study was the high incidence of asthenopia in an unselected population and that refractive status per se was not a major contributor to CISS scores. The results highlight the usefulness of the CISS questionnaire for assessment of visual discomfort in school vision screenings and the need for future exploration of near binocular vision status as a potential driver of asthenopia in school students, especially given current trends for frequent daily use of computers and handheld devices and necessarily prolonged accommodative-convergence effort at near, both at school and at home.

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Teaching and training in Anthropology in Kenya: The past, current trends and future prospects

African Anthropologist ◽

10.4314/aa.v14i1-2.57726 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

I Nyamongo

Keyword(s):

Future Prospects ◽

The Past ◽

Current Trends ◽

And Training

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Kitesurfing – a unique movement experience

Discobolul – Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal ◽

10.35189/dpeskj.2021.60.1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 35-44

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Young People ◽

High Performance ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Extreme Sports ◽

Movement Experience ◽

Proper Understanding ◽

Current Trends ◽

Water Sports ◽

And Training

Abstract. The desire of people of different ages to spend more and more time in nature and maximally benefit from the resources in the natural environment is one of the current trends in leisure activities. The extensive use of high-performance equipment and technologies makes it possible to live unique movement experiences that associate mobility with adrenaline, intense emotions with overcoming one’s limits. This trend also incorporates the practice of extreme sports, which have considerably developed due to the constant emergence of new disciplines that satisfy increasingly eccentric tastes. The tendency to practise extreme sports is noticed among young people but also among adults and seniors. Obviously, the extreme sport practised is different, adults and seniors being more reluctant. A category of sports whose popularity has grown in recent years is that of extreme water sports, which include kitesurfing or kiteboarding. This sport uses a kite, a control system and a board to ride on water. They are set in motion by both the power of the wind and the abilities of the kiteboarder, who needs to know the rules to correctly use the equipment. Although kitesurfing seems to be a sport accessible to all ages and training levels, it requires good fitness as well as a proper understanding of the equipment and environmental factors, which definitely influence its practice. Kitesurfing offers participants the opportunity to become aware of their own limits and to combine sport and passion during a unique movement experience that cannot be achieved by practising another sport.

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Overcoming Equity-Related Challenges for the Education and Training Systems of Europe

Education Sciences ◽

10.3390/educsci10110305 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 305

Author(s):

Stephen Gorard

Keyword(s):

Grade Retention ◽

Family Background ◽

Education And Training ◽

Clear Correlation ◽

Absolute Level ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Training Systems ◽

Policy Interventions ◽

Set Up ◽

And Training

This paper is a discussion of the challenges to equity faced by the education and training systems of the 28 EU countries (at time of writing), based on secondary sources and official reports by individual countries. The data are descriptive and simply summarised for this paper. The systems of all countries are fairly similar, modelled on those set up to deal with challenges of early industrialisation, and all now face several similar problems and opportunities. There is a clear correlation between family background, average attainment, and subsequent participation in education and training. All 28 countries show some signs of progress over time, both in terms of the absolute level of attainment, and in terms of reduced gaps between social and economic groups. These trends are historical, and thus hard to link to specific policies. However, looking at the common characteristics of countries with similar levels of equity can produce a tentative guide to its determinants. Some of the main suggestions are: More countries to set up monitoring systems for school intakes and outcomes; more robust evaluations of policy interventions; fair funding and opportunities for all students; extra funding for students facing challenges; no selection by ability or anything else; all taught in mainstream settings; no tracking or grade retention; more recognition of prior experience and learning; respectful interaction with all students; and use of context when allocating places in higher education, or simply more open access.

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Putting Information in the Visual Periphery: It Beats a Pointed Stick in the Eye

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193128603000626 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 613-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dennis B. Beringer ◽

Fay Howard ◽

Joe Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Spatial Pattern ◽

Visual Information ◽

Primary System ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

System Designer ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Visual Periphery ◽

Great Pressure ◽

Status Information

The Increasing complexity of systems has placed great pressure on the system designer to provide effective and efficient means for communicating system and subsystem status information to the operator. The conventional means of providing this feedback ultimately require displays beyond those required for momentary control of the system, increasing the amount of visual information that must be processed and usually increasing the amount of instrumentation present. It may be possible to integrate these secondary sources of Information within the context of a single display that Is proximal to primary system displays and has strong spatial pattern characteristics. Three formats of such a “peripheral” display were examined in the context of a simulated instrument flight task. The “figural” displays appeared to provide a slight edge in performance over a histogram-based display.

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