scholarly journals Digitalization in Open-Pit Mining: A New Approach in Monitoring and Control of Rock Fragmentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10848
Author(s):  
Natalia Koteleva ◽  
Sergei Khokhlov ◽  
Ilia Frenkel
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
New Approach ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Operational Component

Mining enterprises are widely introducing digital technologies and automation is one of such tools. Granularity monitoring, namely, the size determination of rock mass pieces is a common operational component of the processes that extract minerals by open-pit mining. The article proposes an approach that, in addition to the lump size distribution, makes it possible to estimate the lump form distribution as well. To investigate the effectiveness of monitoring the form of blasted rock mass lumps, the authors conducted experiments in four stages related to the rock condition. They include geological occurrence, explosive crushing, trommelling, and mill crushing. The relationship between these stages is presented and the change in the lumps fragment form is traced. The present article proposes an informational and analytical model of the processes at mining enterprises, extracting minerals by open-pit mining, as well as an algorithm for determining the lumps form and obtaining their distribution in the rock mass.

scholarly journals Determination of the Ultimate Underground Mining Depth considering the Effect of Granular Rock and the Range of Surface Caving

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rongxing He ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Delin Song ◽  
Fengyu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Depth

Continuous mining of metal deposits leads the overlying strata to move, deform, and collapse, which is particularly obvious when open-pit mining and underground mining are adjacent. Once the mining depth of the adjacent open-pit lags severely behind the underground, the ultimate underground mining depth needs to be studied before the surface deformation extends to the open-pit mining area. The numerical simulation and the mechanical model are applied to research the ultimate underground mining depth of the southeast mining area in the Gongchangling Iron mine. In the numerical simulation, the effect of granular rock is considered and the granular rock in the collapse pit is simplified as the degraded rock mass. The ultimate underground mining depth can be obtained by the values of the indicators of surface movement and deformation. In the mechanical model, the modified mechanical model for the progressive hanging wall caving is established based on Hoke’s conclusion, which considers the lateral pressure of the granular rock. Using the limiting equilibrium analysis, the relationship of the ultimate underground mining depth and the range of surface caving can be derived. The results show that the ultimate underground mining depth obtained by the numerical simulation is greater than the theoretical calculation of the modified mechanical model. The reason for this difference may be related to the assumption of the granular rock in the numerical simulation, which increases the resistance of granular rock to the deformation of rock mass. Therefore, the ultimate underground mining depth obtained by the theoretical calculation is suggested. Meanwhile, the surface displacement monitoring is implemented to verify the reasonability of the ultimate underground mining depth. Monitoring results show that the indicators of surface deformation are below the critical value of dangerous movement when the underground is mined to the ultimate mining depth. The practice proves that the determination of the ultimate underground mining depth in this work can ensure the safety of the open-pit and underground synergetic mining.

scholarly journals Planetary fracturing and lineaments revealed in the Kovdor magnetite–apatite ore deposit by open pit mining

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
I. B. Agarkov ◽  
◽  
I. M. Ignatenko ◽  
V. A. Dunaev ◽  
I. S. Kryuchkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Structural Mapping ◽  
Remote Assessment ◽  
Tectonic Origin

The analysis of the studies into fracturing of Zhelezny pitwall rock mass over the period from 1989 to 2019 proves that planetary fracturing is represented by faults, carbonatite dykes and single fractures oriented in the same direction as the prevailing regional lineaments on the Kola Peninsula. Planetary fracturing is assumed as a system of regular-oriented fractures. The planetary fracturing also includes lineaments of tectonic origin. The scientists think the faults registered in the pitwall rock mass and codirectional with the lineaments will accompany mining operations down to the full depth of the pit, up to the full extraction of magnetite–apatite ore reserves. While preparing this article, the authors have collected, generalized and analyzed the data of geological and structural mapping implemented by VIOGEM’s experts over the period from 1989 to 2019. VIOGEM’s procedure of geological and structural mapping ensures continuous documentation of extensional tectonics at high referencing accuracy (to 50 cm), as well as determination of inaccessible azimuths and angles of fractures by remote assessment of their orientations in pit walls using a laser scanner and photographic techniques to study the structure of hard rock mass and the behavior of permanent benches.

scholarly journals Strategic Priority for Greening the Kuzbass Economy: Land Rehabilitation Fund

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Lyudmila I. Vlasyuk
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Disturbed Land ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

In the article, according to the theory and methodology of strategizing of academician V. L. Kvinta substantiates the strategic priority of greening the economy of Kuzbass: the land reclamation fund. This strategic priority has become part of the one developed by the team of of Lomonosov Moscow state University under the leadership of academician V. L. Kvinta Strategies for socio-economic development of the Kemerovo region — Kuzbass until 2035.The most serious environmental problem of Kuzbass is a significant lag in the rate of land reclamation from the rate of their violation by open mining operations, and the lack of accurate data on the area of disturbed land. The most serious ecological problem of Kuzbass is a significant lag in the rate of land reclamation from the rate of its disturbance by open pit mining, and the lack of accurate data on the area of disturbed land. The creation of the Kuzbass land reclamation fund, as an economic mechanism of financial guarantees, will make it possible to carry out work on the restoration of disturbed lands at the expense of coal mining enterprises, the authorities of the Kemerovo region will ensure monitoring and control over the reclamation behavior.The strategic initiative reflects the interests of Russia localized in the Kemerovo region, the interests of the region and its residents, its implementation will significantly improve the environmental situation in the region, restore the value of the land and ensure the possibility of its further use, including in agriculture and forestry, compatible with comfortable living of people subsoil use in the region. The strategic priority is backed by competitive advantages and all types of resources.

scholarly journals Determination of bench, dump and road sliding wedge technological parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
I. K. Chunuev ◽  
Yu. M. Levkin ◽  
Zh. Bolotbekov
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Transport Equipment ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Stability Calculation ◽  
Mine Surveying

Mine surveying in mining operations is of particular importance, since all technological processes of the full life cycle of a mining enterprise and, ultimately, its competitiveness depend on the surveying quality, efficiency and reliability. Organizations independently determine the structure of mine surveying services, taking into account the methods applied and the scale of mining. To ensure safe open-pit mining of minerals, it is necessary to permanently assess and monitor the pit bench and wall rock mass condition. Misjudgement of rock physical and mechanical properties, non-observance of the minerals mining and transportation process cycle, changes in climatic conditions and other problems lead to loss of stability of rocks in all parts of an open pit, including in the areas of ore production and mining and transport equipment operation. The existing practice shows that the effectiveness of an open pit wall and bench stability calculation can be achieved using a technique that should take into account the slope deformation and failure mechanism, as well as the nature of the stress-strain state of the open pit rock mass. The studies presented in the paper are based on comparative analysis of the sliding wedge parameters for benches, dumps and roads at open pits using analytical and graphical software packages, and taking into account the static load produced by dump trucks. The study findings allow to establish that: determination of the bench slope stability and the sliding wedge width, performed by the analytical method, gives higher accuracy results than those obtained by the graphical method; the bench slope stability and the sliding wedge width depend not only on the rock physical and mechanical condition, but also on the bench height, the dump truck (plus its freight load) weight per 1 linear meter of the placement area, the distance from the slope edge and other factors; the rock mass is stable and not subject to landslide phenomena for as long as the sum of the holding forces is greater than or equal to the sum of the shearing forces; when using large-sized transport equipment of nonstandard weight in open-pit mining, it is necessary to calculate the safe width of the sliding wedges, taking into account the loads on them (per 1 linear meter), the values of which can be 1.5–2.0 times higher than those calculated for the circular-cylindrical sliding surface.

General concept of determining the parameters of non-mining walls of ultra-deep diamond deposits development open pits

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
I. V. Zyryanov ◽  
A. N. Akishev ◽  
I. B. Bokiy ◽  
N. M. Sherstyuk
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Structural Relaxation ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Relaxation Coefficient

A specific feature of open pit mining of diamond deposits in Western Yakutia is the construction of the open pits in the zone of negative ambient temperatures, which includes thick permafrost rock mass, and which is at the same time complicated by the influence of cryogenic processes on deformation of pit wall benches. The paper presents the comparative analysis of strength characteristics in frozen and thawed rocks, stability of benches during mining, the general geomechanical approach to the determination of parameters of non-mining walls of the ultra-deep open pit diamond mines, and the parameters of nonmining walls and benches. Optimization of open pit wall configuration should primarily be based on the maximum utilization of the strength properties of frozen rocks in combination with the development of new approaches, calculation schemes and methods for assessing stability of open pit walls and benches of unconventional design, including the non-mining vertical benches. The main design characteristic that determines the parameters of open pit walls is the structural tectonic relaxation coefficient, which specifies the calculated value of cohesion in rock mass. For the diamond deposits, the values of the structural relaxation coefficient were obtained in a series of field tests and back calculations. Full-scale tests were carried out both during exploration operations in underground mines and in open pits. The accuracy of determining the values of the structural relaxation coefficient in the range of 0.085–0.11 is confirmed by the parameters of non-mining walls in an open pit mine 385–640 m deep, with overall slope angles of 38–55° and a steeper H 0.35–0.5 lower part having the slope angle of up to 70° with average strength characteristics of 7.85–11.84 MPa and the internal friction angle of 28.1–37.4°. Using the natural load-bearing capacity of rock mass to the full advantage, which the values of the structural relaxation coefficient of deposits show, allows optimization of open pit wall slope design and minimization of stripping operations.

scholarly journals Development of a mathematical model for calculating the process of crushing hard rocks by explosions of cylindrical charges of explosives

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Norov Yunus Dzhumaevich ◽  
Mehmonov Maksud Rabbonokul ugli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Rock Fragmentation ◽  
Hard Rocks ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents a developed mathematical model for calculating the granulometric composition of the blasted rock mass based on the mechanism of action of an explosion in rocks, a mathematical description of the determination of natural units (blocks) in the rock mass, the relationship between the degree of rock fragmentation and the size of the units and the definition of sections of the controlled pressure zone.

Determination of rock hardness at the chrysotile - asbestos deposit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.I. Zuev ◽  
◽  
V.S. Vedernikov ◽  
D.V. Grigoriev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Chrysotile Asbestos ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Rock Hardness ◽  
Technological Improvement

The article presents field and calculation methods for determining the rock hardness at the chrysotile-asbestos deposit mined by the open–pit mining. The methods presented are necessary for technological improvement of mining (including optimization of drilling and blasting operations), which, in the turn, improves the economic feasibility of the chrysotile-asbestos mining.

Management Information Systems in the Public Sector

2013 ◽  
pp. 157-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Heeks
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Management Information Systems ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Management Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
Monitoring And Control Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Management information systems (MIS) are fundamental for public sector organizations seeking to support the work of managers. Yet they are often ignored in the rush to focus on ‘sexier’ applications. This chapter aims to redress the balance by providing a detailed analysis of public sector MIS. It first locates MIS within the broader management monitoring and control systems that they support. Understanding the broader systems and the relationship to public sector inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes is essential to understanding MIS. The chapter details the different types of reports that MIS produce, and uses this as the basis for an MIS model and a description of the decision-making benefits that computerized MIS can bring. Finally, the chapter describes generic public sector MIS that address internal government transactions, public administration/ regulation, and public service delivery. Real-world examples of all types are provided from the U.S., England, Africa, and Asia. <BR>

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