scholarly journals Subsidy and Pricing Model of Electric Vehicle Sharing Based on Two-Stage Stackelberg Game – A Case Study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yangjia Lin ◽  
Fuzhang Wu ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The Government

Electric vehicle sharing provides an effective way to improve the traffic situation and relieve environmental pressure. The government subsidy policy and the car-sharing operator’s pricing strategy are the key factors that affect the large-scale application of electric vehicle sharing. To address this issue, a subsidy and pricing model for electric vehicle sharing based on the two-stage Stackelberg game is proposed in this paper according to the current situation in China. First, an electric vehicle sharing operation mode under government participation is constructed. Then, a two-stage Stackelberg game model involving the government, the car-sharing operator and the consumers is proposed to determine the subsidy rates and pricing strategies. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain the Nash equilibrium of the model. Also, the influence of private car cost and shared travel comfort on subsidy rates and pricing strategies is analyzed. Finally, the simulation of electric vehicle sharing in a town of China is carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed subsidy and price model. The simulation results show that the model rationally formulates subsidy policies and pricing strategies of the electric vehicle sharing to balance the interests of the three participants, mobilizing users’ enthusiasm while guaranteeing the benefits of the government and operator, making the overall benefit optimal.

Discussion on the Mode of Electric Vehicle Power Supply Infrastructures Construction and Operation in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3902-3907
Author(s):  
Liang Liang Chen ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xiao Hua Ding ◽  
Jin Da Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Combination Mode ◽  
Ev Charging

The energy supply infrastructures construction is the prerequisite and basis for the large-scale promotion and application of electric vehicles (EVs). The characteristics and current construction situation of several EV power supply infrastructures in China such as AC charging spot, charging station and battery swap station are introduced first, and the characteristics of time combination mode and space combination mode for the construction of EV charging facilities are also discussed. Meanwhile, the features of operation mode for EV power supply infrastructures in different developing stage of are analyzed, and the main bodies for EV power supply infrastructures construction are also introduced.

scholarly journals The Key Factors Affecting Tree Producer Associations Involved in Private Commercial Forestry in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester Ngome Chisika ◽  
Chunho Yeom
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
The Government

Formal tree producer associations are critical for the sustainable management of private commercial farm forests in Kenya. However, there is limited information on their current status and the key factors driving their operations in the country. This paper sought to address this informational gap by reviewing the existing literature in the country from the theoretical background of sustainable development and later validating the obtained findings with the current state of knowledge at regional and global levels. Results from document content analysis indicate that there are over 10,000 tree growing farmers organized into planting groups across the country after many years of piloting by the government and private sector players. At the national level, there are two associations. These include Kenya Forest Growers Association (KEFGA), mainly composed of large scale planters, and Farm Forestry Smallholder Producers Association of Kenya (FFSPAK), targeting small-holders. Besides these two, six major sub-national associations are seeking to improve members' welfare by enhancing the acquisition of livelihood assets. Further, various socio-cultural, economic, and political factors affect their operations in Kenya. These associations have deployed multiple strategies to benefit their members. However, the formation of savings and credit cooperative societies (SACCOs) seems to be their preferred mode of community empowerment. In conclusion, even though these associations are still at the infancy stage, their future remains promising in-view of the observed behavioral change in their governance, which appears to favor entrenched equality and equity towards sustainable development.

scholarly journals “Separation of Vehicle and Battery” of Private Electric Vehicles and Customer Delivered Value: Based on the Attempt of 2 Chinese EV Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuxia Yang ◽  
Ruoyang Li ◽  
Jialin Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Good Mode ◽  
State Subsidies ◽  
Value Model

Electric vehicles are an effective tool to reduce vehicle born emissions from road transportation. Faced with major pollution issues, China is committed to vigorously promoting electric vehicles. China has made active efforts in subsidies, policies, charging facilities, business models, etc., so that the annual growth rate of electric vehicle sales has accelerated. State subsidies have greatly promoted the use of electric vehicles, but the government is gradually reducing subsidies. In the case of government subsidy decline or even zero subsidy, “separation of vehicle and battery” is considered to be a good mode for solving the development of private EVs. The battery of an electric vehicle does not form a whole with the chassis, but they could be physically separated, replacing the battery with one which is fully charged instead of charging by users themselves, substituting battery leases for battery purchases, called separation of vehicle and battery. However, a series of issues such as whether this mode is beneficial to consumers, whether it has competitive advantages for vehicle companies, and what difficulties exist need to be further studied. This paper firstly analyzes whether it is necessary to implement “separation of vehicle and battery” for private electric vehicles (SEPARATION) in China. Based on this, it sums up the attempts of two companies to implement SEPARATION and extracts the key factors involved in SEPARATION. Then, such key factors are analyzed, and the customer delivered value model of SEPARATION is established. Finally, this article discusses the predicament of SEPARATION and makes some recommendations for the implementation of SEPARATION in China. The innovations in this paper include: (1) Analyzing the issue of SEPARATION from the perspective of customer delivered value. (2) Proposing a customer delivered value model of SEPARATION for the first time. (3) Proposing a two-level battery replacement network in the SEPARATION mode.

Land Use Change and Commodity Frontiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Cáceres ◽  
Esteban Tapella ◽  
Diego A. Cabrol ◽  
Lucrecia Estigarribia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Management Recommendations

Argentina is experiencing an expansion of soya and maize cultivation that is pushing the agricultural frontier over areas formerly occupied by native Chaco forest. Subsistance farmers use this dry forest to raise goats and cattle and to obtain a broad range of goods and services. Thus, two very different and non-compatible land uses are in dispute. On the one hand subsistance farmers fostering an extensive and diversified forest use, on the other hand, large-scale producers who need to clear out the forest to sow annual crops in order to appropriate soil fertility. First, the paper looks at how these social actors perceive Chaco forest, what their interests are, and what kind of values they attach to it. Second, we analyze the social-environmental conflicts that arise among actors in order to appropriate forest’s benefits. Special attention is paid to the role played by the government in relation to: (a) how does it respond to the demands of the different sectors; and (b) how it deals with the management recommendations produced by scientists carrying out social and ecological research. To put these ideas at test we focus on a case study located in Western Córdoba (Argentina), where industrial agriculture is expanding at a fast pace, and where social actors’ interests are generating a series of disputes and conflicts. Drawing upon field work, the paper shows how power alliances between economic and political powers, use the institutional framework of the State in their own benefit, disregarding wider environmental and social costs. 

Financial and Economic Support of Innovation Processes in the Russian Fuel and Energy Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
L. D. Kapranova ◽  
T. V. Pogodina
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the current state of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) that ensures generation of a significant part of the budget and the innovative development of the economy.The purpose of the research was to establish priority directions for the development of the FEC sectors based on a comprehensive analysis of their innovative and investment activities. The dynamics of investment in the fuel and energy sector are considered. It is noted that large-scale modernization of the fuel and energy complex requires substantial investment and support from the government. The results of the government programs of corporate innovative development are analyzed. The results of the research identified innovative development priorities in the power, oil, gas and coal sectors of the fuel and energy complex. The most promising areas of innovative development in the oil and gas sector are the technologies of enhanced oil recovery; the development of hard-to-recover oil reserves; the production of liquefied natural gas and its transportation. In the power sector, the prospective areas are activities aimed at improving the performance reliability of the national energy systems and the introduction of digital technologies. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that the innovation activities in the fuel and energy complex primarily include the development of new technologies, modernization of the FEC technical base; adoption of state-of-the-art methods of coal mining and oil recovery; creating favorable economic conditions for industrial extraction of hard-to-recover reserves; transition to carbon-free fuel sources and energy carriers that can reduce energy consumption and cost as well as reducing the negative FEC impact on the environment.

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

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