scholarly journals Exploring an Integrated Manure-Seawater System for Sustainable Cyanobacterial Biomass Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3888
Author(s):  
Sido
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Cyanobacterial Strain ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Cyanobacterial Biomass

Cyanobacterial biomass is important for biofuel and biofertilizer, however, biomass production requires expensive chemical growth nutrients. To address this issue, we explored the use of inexpensive growth nutrient media from an integrated manure-seawater system for cyanobacterial biomass production. Salt-tolerant cyanobacterial strain HSaC and salt-sensitive cyanobacterial strain LC were tested to evaluate the potential of integrated manure-seawater media for sustainable cyanobacterial biomass production. As a prerequisite for seawater experiments, strain HSaC was grown at different NaCl concentrations (0 mM, 60 mM, 120 mM, 180 mM, 240 mM and 300 mM) to identify the optimum salt concentration. The highest biomass yield and photosynthetic pigment contents were obtained at 120 mM NaCl concentration. The highest exo-polysaccharide (EPS) content was obtained at 180 mM NaCl concentration. The treatments for the manure-seawater media were cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure and BG11, each with distilled water, diluted seawater and non-diluted seawater. The highest biomass and photosynthetic pigment yield for cyanobacterial strains LC and HSaC were obtained from 0.5 dS/m and 10 dS/m diluted seawater integrated with cow manure, respectively, but pig and chicken manure performed poorly. Overall, the biomass production and photosynthetic pigment results from cow manure-seawater were relatively better than those from the reference media (BG11). Based on the current findings, it is concluded that the growth nutrients from integrated cow manure-seawater can wholly substitute for the BG11 without affecting cyanobacterial growth, thereby reducing the usage of expensive chemical growth media. Thus, the results of study help to enhance the biomass production of both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cyanobacteria for sustainable biofuel and biofertilizer production.

Study on Biogas Production by Dry Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Animal Manure and Straw

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Li Jun Shi ◽  
Li Tong Ban ◽  
Hui Fen Liu ◽  
Jian Chao Hao ◽  
Wei Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Dry Digestion

Dry anaerobic co-digestion of animal manure and straw was conducted to produce biogas. Startup characteristics and biogas production perform of dry digestion were studied, and the effect of operation temperature and incubation amount on dry digestion was also investigated. The study result showed that under the conditions of C/N=25-30, TS=20% and T=(36±1) °C,dry digestion can start up quickly with acclimated thickening sludge as incubation sludge. Compared to dry digestion of chicken manure and pig manure, dry digestion of cow manure proceeded steadily with high biogas yield. It is found that incubation is necessary in the process of dry digestion and biogas yield increases with more incubation amount. The appreciate incubation ratio is about 10%. Temperature change has apparent effect on biogas production, and it is suggested that mesophilic temperature should be chosen in the scaled project of dry digestion.

Nutrient utilisation by black soldier flies fed with chicken, pig, or cow manure

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G.A.B. Oonincx ◽  
A. van Huis ◽  
J.J.A. van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

An experiment was conducted to compare the suitability of chicken, pig, and cow manure as feed for larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (L.); Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Newly hatched larvae were inoculated on moistened manure (33% dry matter). Water and dried manure were added three times per week, until the first prepupae appeared. Survival was between 82 and 97%, indicating that the tested substrates were suitable. However, development time was much longer than on the control diet (144-215 vs 20 days). Efficiency of conversion of ingested nitrogen (N-ECI) was higher on pig manure than on chicken and cow manure, while the ECI for phosphorus was highest on cow manure. Substrate nitrogen content decreased in the chicken manure, but were stable in pig and cow manure. Phosphorus concentration, and N:P-ratio decreased in all treatments. Since a large proportion of the nitrogen from the manure (23–78%) was lost, the production system would require an air washer for instance, to make it ecologically sound. Shorter development times are required in order to improve economic viability. Drying of the manure could have decreased its nutritional value due to the destruction of microorganisms and heat-labile vitamins. A production system using fresh manure could result in a considerably shorter development time and increased conversion efficiency.

Bioaugmentation for Biomass Production at Low Temperature Using Enriched Psychroactive Methanogenic Consortia

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1472-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Lei Qiu ◽  
Xiao Hong Sun ◽  
Xu Ming Wang ◽  
Mei Lin Han ◽  
Lei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Biogas Process

Biogas fermentation is always limited or affected at low temperature conditions, one of key factors may be physiological adaption of methanogenic communities to low temperature. Howerer, biogas process could be stimulated and enhanced with addition of enriched consortia. Here, six psychroactive methanogenic consortiums were enriched as additives, and consortium E-1 was found to be most effective at 150C. The total biogas production addition with E-1 improved 39.3 % and 17.0% from pig manure and cow manure, respectively, when decreasing from 210C to 150C, which is a potential microbial addition for biogas fermentation at low temperature.

scholarly journals Growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris in different growth media

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1427-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHIAS A. CHIA ◽  
ANA T. LOMBARDI ◽  
MARIA DA GRACA G. MELAO
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
The Cost

The need for clean and low-cost algae production demands for investigations on algal physiological response under different growth conditions. In this research, we investigated the growth, biomass production and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris using semi-continuous cultures employing three growth media (LC Oligo, Chu 10 and WC media). The highest cell density was obtained in LC Oligo, while the lowest in Chu medium. Chlorophyll a, carbohydrate and protein concentrations and yield were highest in Chu and LC Oligo media. Lipid class analysis showed that hydrocarbons (HC), sterol esthers (SE), free fatty acids (FFA), aliphatic alcohols (ALC), acetone mobile polar lipids (AMPL) and phospholipids (PL) concentrations and yields were highest in the Chu medium. Triglyceride (TAG) and sterol (ST) concentrations were highest in the LC Oligo medium. The results suggested that for cost effective cultivation, LC Oligo medium is the best choice among those studied, as it saved the cost of buying vitamins and EDTA associated with the other growth media, while at the same time resulted in the best growth performance and biomass production.

scholarly journals Osmoadaptation Strategy of the Most Halophilic Fungus, Wallemia ichthyophaga, Growing Optimally at Salinities above 15% NaCl

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janja Zajc ◽  
Tina Kogej ◽  
Erwin A. Galinski ◽  
José Ramos ◽  
Nina Gunde-Cimerman
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Optimal Salinity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Optimum Salinity

ABSTRACTWallemia ichthyophagais a fungus from the ancient basidiomycetous genusWallemia(Wallemiales, Wallemiomycetes) that grows only at salinities between 10% (wt/vol) NaCl and saturated NaCl solution. This obligate halophily is unique among fungi. The main goal of this study was to determine the optimal salinity range for growth of the halophilicW. ichthyophagaand to unravel its osmoadaptation strategy. Our results showed that growth on solid growth media was extremely slow and resulted in small colonies. On the other hand, in the liquid batch cultures, the specific growth rates ofW. ichthyophagawere higher, and the biomass production increased with increasing salinities. The optimum salinity range for growth ofW. ichthyophagawas between 15 and 20% (wt/vol) NaCl. At 10% NaCl, the biomass production and the growth rate were by far the lowest among all tested salinities. Furthermore, the cell wall content in the dry biomass was extremely high at salinities above 10%. Our results also showed that glycerol was the major osmotically regulated solute, since its accumulation increased with salinity and was diminished by hypo-osmotic shock. Besides glycerol, smaller amounts of arabitol and trace amounts of mannitol were also detected. In addition,W. ichthyophagamaintained relatively small intracellular amounts of potassium and sodium at constant salinities, but during hyperosmotic shock, the amounts of both cations increased significantly. Given our results and the recent availability of the genome sequence,W. ichthyophagashould become well established as a novel model organism for studies of halophily in eukaryotes.

scholarly journals Growth and yield response of local soybean in the giving of various organic fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
M Rahayu ◽  
E Purwanto ◽  
A Setyawati ◽  
A T Sakya ◽  
Samanhudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Goat Manure

Abstract Soybean is the basic material for any kind of industry, such as tofu and tempeh industries. Soybean cultivation will be better if use a sustainable agricultural system, such as using organic fertilizers. This research purpose was to find out the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of local soybean. The research used a complete randomized design with one factor which was a variety of organic fertilizers with 6 treatments. Various fertilizers used in this research consist of inorganic fertilizer, liquid organic, compost, cow manure, rabbit urine, chicken manure, and goat manure. Each test unit consists of 4 pots (plants) and each was repeated 4 times. The results showed that the provision of compost and goat manure increased the growth of local soybean plants, include plant height and the number of leaves at 42 DAP and leaf area at 28 DAP. The application of various organic fertilizers (liquid fertilizer, compost, cow manure, goat manure, and rabbit urine) is unable to increase the yield and yield components of local soybeans.

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Selvia Dewi Pohan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content

Water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) had been identified as a nutritious vegetable with high demand in Indonesia. Besides, this plant also has been evidenced to play an important role in environmental cleaning as phytoremediator. The study about the effect of organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) has been conducted in the Green House of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan. The study aims to investigate the most effective type of fertilizers and the dose for water spinach’s (Ipomoea reptans Poir) growth and yield. A Completely Randomized Factorial Design was designed for the experiment with two factors and three repetitions. The first factor is the type of fertilizer (chicken manure, cow manure, and compost), and the second factor is the dose of the fertilizer (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1). The parameters such as plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf’s total chlorophyll content, and water content were measured to evaluate plant growth and yield. The General Linear Model used SPSS 21 programs was applied to analyze the collected data. Study results revealed that cow manure increased plant growth and yield significantly with dose 2:1 as the finest treatment, followed by dose 3:1. Cow manure also increased total chlorophyll content (8.0574c mg. L-1), with the most suitable dose was 2:1 (8.2807 mg. L-1). The plant’s water content tended to be high in chicken manure (93%), and the lower water content was in cow manure with dose 3:1 (87.5%).

scholarly journals Emergence of a new salt-tolerant alien grass along roadsides? Occurrence of Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis (Poaceae) in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristóf Süveges ◽  
Attila V. Molnár ◽  
Attila Mesterházy ◽  
Júlia Tüdősné Budai ◽  
Réka Fekete
Keyword(s):  
Salt Content ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
The Road ◽  
Reproduction Strategy ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
Paved Road

This paper reports the occurrence of a North American salt-tolerant taxon, Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) P.M.Peterson et N.Snow in Hungary (Central-Europe). Two earlier Hungarian observations of D. fusca were known from 1915, near Győr (West Transdanubia), later the taxon was collected by Pénzes in 1958, in downtown Budatétény (central Hungary. Both observations seem to be occasional. Recently, the taxon has started spreading in Europe, mainly on rice paddy fields, with a serious invasion potential. In North America its appearance on ruderal habitats, as well as along roads and other linear infrastructures is a well known phenomenon. The Hungarian population was found near Cegléd (Central Hungary) on the roadside of the E40 primary main road in September 2018. In July 2019 more than one thousand (mostly vegetative) individuals were detected. The salt content of the habitat shows remarkable temporal and spatial variability. At one meter distance from the edge of the paved road soil salt content was higher in spring (after the winter de-icing regime), than in autumn. Salt concentration was highest in the vicinity of the road, and decreased with increasing distance from it. Germination tests revealed a significant negative effect of NaCl concentration on germination rates, but germination occurred even on extremely saline substrates with 1.5% NaCl concentration. Considering its biology and reproduction strategy, the further spread of Diplachne fusca is highly presumable.

scholarly journals Glassworts: From Wild Salt Marsh Species to Sustainable Edible Crops

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Loconsole ◽  
Giuseppe Cristiano ◽  
Barbara De Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Edible Crops ◽  
High Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salt Marsh Species ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

Halophytes are naturally adapted in saline environments, where they benefit from the substantial amounts of salt in the growth media. The need for salt-tolerant crops increases as substantial percentages of cultivated land worldwide are affected by salinity. There are few protocols, guidelines, or trials for glasswort (Salicornia (L.) and Sarcocornia (Scott), belong to the Amaranthaceae) field cultivation. The high salt tolerance and content in bioactive compounds make glassworts one of the most important candidates for future use both for fresh and processed food, due to their functional and health properties. This review describes the glassworts respect to their biodiversity and the most important factors affecting propagation, salt tolerance traits, agro-techniques and yields, food uses and nutraceutical properties.

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