scholarly journals Comparing the Physicochemical Properties of Upgraded Biomass Fuel by Torrefaction and the Ashless Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lkhagvadorj Sh ◽  
Byoung-Hwa Lee ◽  
Young-Joo Lee ◽  
Chung-Hwan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Heating Rate ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Herbaceous Biomass ◽  
High Heating ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Proximate And Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the influence of torrefaction and an ashless process on the physical and chemical properties of pitch pine sawdust (PSD) and kenaf as types of woody and herbaceous biomass. The physicochemical properties of the materials pretreated by the ashless process with torrefaction including proximate and ultimate analysis, hydrophobicity, grindability, morphology, and structure were analyzed. The results showed that when ashless Kenaf was torrefied, the high heating rate and atomic ratios of O/C and H/C increased. The tendency of the torrefied, ashless Kenaf to absorb water decreased, and it became more hydrophobic (approximately 0% for the uptake rate of moisture). In addition, the grindability of the torrefied, ashless Kenaf was substantially improved compared to that of pretreated PSD. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and scanning electron microscopy results showed that when Kenaf was pretreated, particles easily lost their fibrous structure and cracked as the number of macropores decreased. These results indicate that the herbaceous biomass of Kenaf, when pretreated with both torrefaction and the ashless process, exhibits improved physicochemical properties compared to the woody PSD.

scholarly journals Nanostructured terbium-doped ceria spheres: effect of dopants on their physical and chemical properties under reducing and oxidizing conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (31) ◽  
pp. 16120-16131 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Acuña ◽  
F. F. Muñoz ◽  
C. A. Albornoz ◽  
A. G. Leyva ◽  
R. T. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The effect of Tb content and synthesis method on the physicochemical properties of nanostructured Tb-doped ceria spheres was studied. The nanostructured spheres contained more Tb as Tb3+ than conventionally prepared nanopowders.

scholarly journals Effects of Rice Aging on Its Main Nutrients and Quality Characters

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Bo Peng ◽  
Lu-Lu He ◽  
Jing Tan ◽  
Li-Ting Zheng ◽  
Jie-Ting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Rice Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The main nutrients in rice are starch, protein and lipids, and their contents and physicochemical properties have important effects on rice qualities. The aging process of rice is very complex, which not only changes physical and chemical properties, but also changes its physiological characteristics in rice grain. In this paper, the changes of physicochemical properties of its main nutrients (starch, protein and lipids) during storage were reviewed. At the same time, the effects of rice aging on its quality characters and the mechanism of rice aging were also discussed, which could provide reference for solving the problem of rice quality decline during storage.

scholarly journals Engineering technique for determining antifiction efficiency of emulsols for cold rolling by their physical and chemical properties

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
J Vasilev ◽  
R Zamogilniy ◽  
D Samokysh
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
A Value ◽  
Engineering Technique ◽  
Washing Efficiency ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

An engineering technique was developed to determine the antifriction efficiency of emulsols during cold rolling according to their physicochemical properties. This method is based on the dimensionless exponent’s kсм, kвяз kэф and kотн.эф, taking into account, respectively, the influence of the chemical and physical properties of emulsols on the antifriction efficiency of the latter and the proposed dependencies for calculating rating of their antifriction efficiency. With the proposed method and criterion kотн.эф antifriction efficiency of 24 different emulsol it was investigated applied in cold rolling and the calculated rating antifriction their effectiveness. It is established that the high antifriction and washing efficiency of modern emulsols is achieved with a value of the kinematic viscosity of the latter at a level of 30-45 mm2/s and an increase in the saponification to 160-195 mg KOH/g.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SWEET ORANGE GENOTYPES AVAILABLE IN BANGLADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Anwar Hossain Khan ◽  
M.A. Rahim ◽  
Mahbub Robbani ◽  
Md. Fakhrul Hassan ◽  
Mohammad Amdadul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Importance of fruits as valuable food resources, attention has been paid in recent years to study their physicochemical properties. Therefore, this investigation was undertaken to measure the physicochemical properties of the sweet orange genotype available in Bangladesh. A total of 8 genotypes including 3 released varieties (BAU Malta-1, BAU Malta-3, and BARI Malta-1) and 5 lines (CS Jain-001, CS Jain-002, CS Jain-003, CS Ram-001, and Variegated Malta) were included in this trial. Maximum average fruit weight (286.00 g), fruit size in terms of length (92.00 mm), and diameter (82.00 mm), mesocarp thickness (10.00 mm), and width of epicarp equatorial area (76.00 mm) was recorded from CS Jain-001 while the maximum number of segment (28.00), the diameter of fruit axis (23.66 mm), juice content (41.44%), titratable acidity (0.99%) and TSS: TA (33.73) was recorded from BAU Malta-3. TSS and juice pH was recorded maximum of 10.21% and 4.48, respectively in BAU Malta-1. Sugar content was found to be as follows, reducing sugar was the maximum in CS Jain-001 (3.50 %) while the highest total sugar (4.68%) was recorded in BAU Malta-1. Variegated Malta produced the maximum (48.45 mg/100 ml juice) ascorbic acid while CS Jain-001 contained maximum (8.35 mg/100 ml juice) ß-carotene. Therefore, considering fruit quality, BAU Malta-3, BARI Malta-1 can be used as fresh fruit. However, considering the fruit size, CS Jain-001 and CS Jain-002 could be used as breeding material to develop a new sweet orange variety with higher yield potential.

scholarly journals Research of influence of adhesive additives on physical and chemical properties of road bitumens

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Uglova ◽  
Eugene Eremenko ◽  
Natalya Sikachyova ◽  
Kiril Kuzin
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Binder ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Mineral Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

To increase the adhesion strength (wetting ability) of bitumen, and, consequently, reduce the likelihood of premature occurrence of defects formed on asphalt concrete coatings, it is necessary to use various kinds of surfactants that increase the adhesion ability of bitumen. Adhesive additives to road bitumens increase the mobility of the organic binder, help reduce the number of uncoated grains of mineral material, which facilitates the compaction of asphalt concrete mix. One of the problems of durability of asphalt concrete pavements is the lack of strong adhesion of the bitumen film to the surface of the mineral material. To increase this strength, various adhesive additives are used, which affect not only the adhesive properties of bitumen, but also its physical and chemical properties. The main task of the work is aimed at solving the issues of the influence of adhesive additives on the physicochemical properties of organic binders used in road construction. The quality assessment of the modified bitumen was carried out according to GOST 22245-90, which, at present, is guided by the selection of the composition of the asphalt concrete mixture. As a result of the study, effective adhesive additives were identified that contribute to the minimal change in the physicochemical properties of viscous road bitumen and possess thermal stability under prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures. Studies have shown that almost all adhesive additives not only improve the adhesive properties of organic binders to mineral materials, but also can alter and even worsen the physicochemical properties of the original organic binder, which can adversely affect the properties of asphalt concrete. The study used the original bitumen from only one manufacturer and the negative effect of adhesive additives may be due to the incompatible chemical composition of the adhesive additive with the group composition of bitumen and the mineralogical composition of the mineral material.

scholarly journals Cocrystallization of Febuxostat with Pyridine Coformers: Crystal Structural and Physicochemical Properties Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Xianrui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Dissolution Studies ◽  
Single Crystal Structures ◽  
Pyridine Nitrogen ◽  
Crystal Structural ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Drug cocrystals and salts have promising applications for modulating the physicochemical properties and solubility of pharmaceuticals. In this study, a cocrystal and two salts of febuxostat (FEB) with pyridine nitrogen coformers, including 4, 4′-bipyridine (BIP), 3-aminopyridine (3AP) and 4-hydroxypyridine (4HP), were designed to improve the solubility of FEB. The single-crystal structures were elucidated, and their physical and chemical properties were investigated by IR, PXRD, and DSC. In addition, drug-related properties, including the solubility and powder dissolution rate were assessed. The solubility and powder dissolution studies showed that the FEB-BIP cocrystal and FEB-3AP salt have superior dissolution compared to FEB.

Effects of interaction between montmorillonite and Sphingomonas sp. GY2B on the physical and chemical properties of montmorillonite in the clay-modulated biodegradation of phenanthrene

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ruan ◽  
Pingxiao Wu ◽  
Huimin Wang ◽  
Liping Li ◽  
Langfeng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Magic Angle Spinning ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Environmental contextInteractions between microbes and minerals can influence geochemical reactions, and hence are of fundamental importance in natural environmental processes. We investigate the effects of Sphingomonas sp. on the structure and physicochemical properties of montmorillonite, a common clay mineral, and determine how this interaction influences the biodegradation of phenanthrene. The findings have profound impact on the clay-modulated biodegradation of organic compounds in the environment. AbstractWe investigate the effect of Sphingomonas sp. GY2B on the structure and physicochemical properties of montmorillonite (Mt). The simultaneous biodegradation of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, phenanthrene, was also monitored. After interaction with bacteria for 2 days, the increases of the specific surface area (SSA) and micropore volume, differences of the thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) patterns and the morphological changes revealed modification of the physicochemical properties and mineral surface. Although the interlayer spacing of Mt remained unchanged, the appearance and shift of several vibration peaks in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the structural changes of Mt arising from bacterial activities. Concentrations of the major elements of montmorillonite changed greatly in the aqueous solution, especially Si, Al, Fe and Ca. Based on the analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR, these changes were mainly ascribed to the formation of precipitates and minerals in the biotic experiment. Changes in the release rate of different elements also substantiated that the GY2B strain has a considerable impact on the dissolution of montmorillonite. Additionally, a preferential release of Si and the 27Al and 29Si cross-polarisation magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS NMR) spectra of bacteria-untreated samples demonstrated that tetrahedral sheets were preferentially destroyed and octahedral sheets in montmorillonite were dissolved. These results showed that microorganisms can greatly affect the physical and chemical properties of clay minerals in the clay-modulated biodegradation of hydrophobic organic contaminants. This study provides valuable insight into the clay-modulated microbial remediation of organic pollutants in the environment.

scholarly journals Physical, chemical and sesnory properties of flakes (Gari) prepared from refrigerated cassava roots

Agrosearch ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-132
Author(s):  
S.A. Oyeyinka ◽  
A.A. Adesoye ◽  
J.O. Oladipo ◽  
O.A. Akintayo ◽  
O.J. Adediran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Cassava is a tropical crop that can be processed into a variety of products including flakes popularly called gari. Gari is a product obtained from cassava root by fermentation, but the root from which the gari is obtained spoils rapidly. Efforts have been made to extend the shelf life of the root through the use of traditional and improved storage techniques, for example storage in boxes, freezing and refrigeration. However, the quality of the products from refrigerated roots, such as gari, has not been reported. In this study, cassava roots were refrigerated for a period of three weeks and the physicochemical properties of gari from the stored roots were determined. With the exception of the carbohydrate content which was very similar (approx. 88%), refrigeration of cassava roots significantly (p < 0.05) affected the physical and chemical properties of the resulting gari. The cyanide content decreased from 2.96 to 1.90 mg/ kg with increase in refrigeration period, while the functional properties including bulk densities and swelling power were only slightly affected. Cassava roots can be refrigerated for a period of two weeks without substantial changes in the eating quality of the resulting gari, if the storage condition is closely monitored. Future studies are required to investigate the physicochemical properties of other valuable products from refrigerated cassava roots to determine their potentials in food and non-food applications. Keyword: Cassava; Functional; Gari; Refrigeration; Pasting; Sensory

Onion-Like Carbon Nanostructures: An Overview of Bio-Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (38) ◽  
pp. 6896-6914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana M. Bobrowska ◽  
Piotr Olejnik ◽  
Luis Echegoyen ◽  
Marta E. Plonska-Brzezinska
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Unusual Structure ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

: This article presents a brief review of the knowledge concerning onion-like carbons (OLCs). These nanostructures are some of the most fascinating carbon forms due to their unusual structure and physico-chemical properties. Generally, OLCs consist of a hollowspherical fullerene core surrounded by concentric graphitic layers with increasing diameter. Nevertheless, they can have different size, shape and type of core, which determine their physicochemical properties. In this article, we review the most important literature reports in this area and briefly describe these nanostructures, their physical and chemical properties and their potential uses with a focus on biomedicine.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Torus Mandibularis and Palatinus Indicate a Source of Autogenous Bone Graft

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
Martin Luis S. Redor ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Natthamet Wongsirichat ◽  
Ratchapin Laovanitch Srisatjaluk ◽  
Teeranut Chaiyasamut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Introduction: There has been extensive research on bone substitutes and autogenous bone; however, little is known about their physical and chemical characteristics of torus mandibularis and palatinus. In the present study, the physical and chemical properties of tori bone and bone graft substitutes were examined. Microbial contamination of torus bone collected during surgery was also investigated. Objective: To investigate the physical and chemical properties of torus mandibularis and torus palatinus, and the microbial contamination of tori bone collected during surgery. Materials and Methods: Torus mandibularis and palatinus were collected from healthy patients by regular surgical procedure via bone collector and a stringent aspiration protocol. Physicochemical properties such as surface structure, elemental components and the crystalline structure of tori and common bone grafting substitutes (OraGRAFT, BioOss, Cerabone) were examined via SEM-EDS, X-Ray Diffractometry analysis, and calcium dissolution assay. The bacterial morphology and gram staining from the torus samples after the surgery were analyzed. Results: The surface structure of tori bone differed greatly from that of bone graft substitutes. An irregular and rough surface structure was found for tori, while bone graft substitutes presented a smooth but dry pattern. Elements found within tori were similar to those within bone graft substitutes; in all cases, carbon, oxygen, sodium, magnesium, phosphate, and calcium were seen. All samples showed high crystallinity, with the highest value in Cerabone, followed by Bio-oss, torus mandibularis, torus palatinus, and Oragraft. Calcium dissolution was highest on the first day in tori samples, whereas it was constantly released until the seventh day in other bone grafts. The microbial contamination was found in all tori samples from the harvesting process, presumably due to saliva contamination. Conclusion: Tori bone was different from bone graft substitutes in terms of surface structure, crystallinity, and calcium release. However, tori bone and bone graft substitutes were similar in terms of elemental composition and crystal compounds, which may positively affect their clinical applications. Taken together, our findings suggest that with an effective decontamination, tori bone should be considered as a viable material for bone grafting, as it is not only practical but also cost-efficient for patients.

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