scholarly journals Energy Transmission and Equilibrium Scheme in Data Communication Opportunistic Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Guoli Feng ◽  
Lizhong Zhang ◽  
Jia Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Opportunistic Networks ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Opportunistic Network ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Wireless Communication Network ◽  
Communication Scheme

In data communication, a good communication scheme can improve the transmission of data packets among nodes. The opportunistic network is a convenient wireless communication network and its model is easily applied in data communication. Energy consumption among nodes in the opportunistic network is an important parameter. The over-consumption of energy may cause the nodes to be dead, and then many useful data packets would be lost. Especially in data communication, this tendency is obvious. However, many researchers rarely consider energy consumption in the opportunistic network. This paper suggests a scheme in which data packets are transmitted among nodes. Energy supply and equilibrium is found in opportunistic networks. This scheme not only supplies energy to active nodes, but also considers inactive nodes to energy supply objects. Then, this scheme accomplishes data packets transmission and improves energy utilization in the opportunistic network. With the evidence of simulation and comparison of the epidemic algorithm, the direct delivery algorithm, and spray and wait algorithm in the opportunistic network, this scheme can be an equilibrium for energy consumption, for improving the delivering ratio, and the size of the cache time.

scholarly journals A Novel Theoretical Probabilistic Model for Opportunistic Routing with Applications in Energy Consumption for WSNs

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8058
Author(s):  
Christian E. Galarza ◽  
Jonathan M. Palma ◽  
Cecilia F. Morais ◽  
Jaime Utria ◽  
Leonardo P. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Opportunistic Networks ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Opportunistic Network ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Successful Transmission ◽  
Network Parameters ◽  
Proposed Model

This paper proposes a new theoretical stochastic model based on an abstraction of the opportunistic model for opportunistic networks. The model is capable of systematically computing the network parameters, such as the number of possible routes, the probability of successful transmission, the expected number of broadcast transmissions, and the expected number of receptions. The usual theoretical stochastic model explored in the methodologies available in the literature is based on Markov chains, and the main novelty of this paper is the employment of a percolation stochastic model, whose main benefit is to obtain the network parameters directly. Additionally, the proposed approach is capable to deal with values of probability specified by bounded intervals or by a density function. The model is validated via Monte Carlo simulations, and a computational toolbox (R-packet) is provided to make the reproduction of the results presented in the paper easier. The technique is illustrated through a numerical example where the proposed model is applied to compute the energy consumption when transmitting a packet via an opportunistic network.

Efficient Energy Conservation and Faulty Node Detection on Machine Learning-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Amarasimha T. ◽  
V. Srinivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Faulty Node

Wireless sensor networks are used in machine learning for data communication and classification. Sensor nodes in network suffer from low battery power, so it is necessary to reduce energy consumption. One way of decreasing energy utilization is reducing the information transmitted by an advanced machine learning process called support vector machine. Further, nodes in WSN malfunction upon the occurrence of malicious activities. To overcome these issues, energy conserving and faulty node detection WSN is proposed. SVM optimizes data to be transmitted via one-hop transmission. It sends only the extreme points of data instead of transmitting whole information. This will reduce transmitting energy and accumulate excess energy for future purpose. Moreover, malfunction nodes are identified to overcome difficulties on data processing. Since each node transmits data to nearby nodes, the misbehaving nodes are detected based on transmission speed. The experimental results show that proposed algorithm provides better results in terms of reduced energy consumption and faulty node detection.

scholarly journals A history-based energy-efficient routing protocol for opportunistic networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Opportunistic Networks ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Opportunistic Network ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
One Simulator ◽  
Overhead Ratio

In this thesis, a history-based energy-efficient routing protocol (called AEHBPR) for opportunistic networks (OppNets) is proposed, which saves the energy consumption by avoiding unnecessary packets transmission in the network and by clearing the buffer of nodes carrying the copies of the already delivered packets. The proposed AEHBPR protocol is evaluated using the Opportunistic NEtwork (ONE) simulator with both synthetic and real mobility traces, showing a superior performance compared to the History-Based Prediction for Routing (HBPR) protocol and AEProphet, in terms of average remaining energy, number of dead nodes, number of delivered messages, and overhead ratio, where AEProphet is the ProPHet routing protocol for OppNets on which the same energy-aware mechanism has been implemented.

scholarly journals China’s Auto Industry Upgrade Process Based on Aging Chain and Coflow Model

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Baojian Zhang ◽  
Pengli Li ◽  
Huaguo Zhou ◽  
Xiaohang Yue
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Auto Industry ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Matching

To protect energy resources and alleviate environmental pollution, many countries attach great importance to the transformation of traditional industries into clean energy industries. In this paper, fuel vehicles (FVs), hybrid vehicles (HVs), and electric vehicles (EVs) are included in the research. Then, based on the aging chain and coflow theory of SDs, we construct a dynamic matching model of the auto industry upgrade process and its energy consumption attributes. The simulation results of China’s auto industry show that (1) the upgrading of the auto industry is an evolutionary process from high energy consumption and high pollution to low energy consumption and no pollution and the transition from FVs and HVs to EVs will undergo two adjustments; (2) simply reducing energy supply does not have the expected impact on vehicle size and vehicle energy consumption intensity and only by adjusting the energy supply and upgrade ratios together, energy utilization efficiency can be improved; (3) market screening time has an impact on auto industry upgrade speed by affecting vehicle market share and dwell time; (4) China’s auto industry upgrade process should adhere to “problem-oriented” and strengthen consumer guidance, technology innovation, and infrastructure construction. The conclusions can provide references for industrial policy adjustment and industrial structure optimization.

scholarly journals A history-based energy-efficient routing protocol for opportunistic networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Opportunistic Networks ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Opportunistic Network ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
One Simulator ◽  
Overhead Ratio

In this thesis, a history-based energy-efficient routing protocol (called AEHBPR) for opportunistic networks (OppNets) is proposed, which saves the energy consumption by avoiding unnecessary packets transmission in the network and by clearing the buffer of nodes carrying the copies of the already delivered packets. The proposed AEHBPR protocol is evaluated using the Opportunistic NEtwork (ONE) simulator with both synthetic and real mobility traces, showing a superior performance compared to the History-Based Prediction for Routing (HBPR) protocol and AEProphet, in terms of average remaining energy, number of dead nodes, number of delivered messages, and overhead ratio, where AEProphet is the ProPHet routing protocol for OppNets on which the same energy-aware mechanism has been implemented.

scholarly journals Authenticated Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm for secure transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering

Authenticated energy consumption is the main criteria for constructing the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Every sensor has the dissimilar processing, communication range, memory unit. Each sensor node has restricted energy and memory. All the WSN based transmission architecture has the problem of authentication. The transmission overload and energy utilization have complex structure to perform the quality of service in WSN routing in a secure way. In spite of providing efficient communication for WSN, clustering approach is used to transmit the data packet from beginning node to the end node. Data gathering helps to organize the network and minimize the network overhead during data communication. Effective cluster head selection method is used for enhanced energy efficiency. Authenticated Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm (AEEC) is proposed for efficient authenticated energy consumption-based routing methodology for WSN. The effective communication is performed by generating the authentication code within the sensor nodes to construct the innovative secured transmission based framework. The simulation results proved that the proposed method is implemented to reduce the energy consumption, routing overhead, end to end delay and increased amount of throughput compared to the other techniques.

scholarly journals Attribute Relationship Solving Method Based on Nodes and Communities in Opportunistic Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia WU ◽  
Xiaoming TIAN
Keyword(s):  
Data Communication ◽  
Opportunistic Networks ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Relationship Matrix ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Opportunistic Network ◽  
Interest Points ◽  
The Social

Abstract The penetration of the 5G Internet and big data communication into human society brings about the survival basis of the social opportunistic networks. Using mobile terminal devices for communication makes the communication of nodes in the social opportunistic network intermittent, because nodes may be in motion all the time. In social opportunistic networks, data communication activities can be recorded and analyzed by evaluating communication activities of human beings or determining their interest points. However, the identification of nodes with the same or similar types of attributes among a large number of user nodes, has become a research problem in the field of social opportunistic networks. How to find an effective method to classify nodes according to their social characteristics and similarity degree becomes the key point of social opportunistic network data forwarding process. In this study, we proposed a method of community mining by decomposition of node and community relationship matrix with large social network data attributes. By using the regular type and iterative community features among community-rule-meet nodes, the method is proved to be converged and yield a minimum solution. Experimental results show that the proposed method exhibits strong application value.

Design, Development and Practical Realization of a VLC Supportive Indoor Lighting System

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Sourish Chatterjee ◽  
Biswanath Roy
Keyword(s):  
Data Communication ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Led Driver ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Light Interference

In an office space, an LED-based lighting system allows you to perform the function of a data transmitter. This article discusses the cost-effective design and development of a data-enabled LED driver that can transmit data along with its receiving part. In addition, this paper clearly outlines the application of the proposed VLC system in an office environment where ambient light interference is a severe issue of concern. The result shows satisfactory lighting characteristics in general for this area in terms of average horizontal illuminance and illuminance uniformity. At the same time, to evaluate real-time and static communication performance, Arduino interfaced MATLAB Simulink model is developed, which shows good communication performance in terms of BER (10–7) even in presence of ambient light noise with 6 dB signal to interference plus noise ratio. Our designed system is also flexible to work as a standalone lighting system, whenever data communication is not required.

Performance Analysis of Energy Efficient Opportunistic Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premkumar Chithaluru ◽  
Rajeev Tiwari ◽  
Kamal Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

Background: Energy Efficient wireless routing has been an area of research particularly to mitigate challenges surrounding performance in category of Wireless Networks. Objectives: The Opportunistic Routing (OR) technique was explored in recent times and exhibits benefits over many existing protocols and can significantly reduce energy consumption during data communication with very limited compromise on performance. Methods : Using broadcasting nature of the wireless medium, OR practices to discourse two foremost issues of variable link quality and unpredictable node agility in constrained WSNs. OR has a potential to reduce delay in order to increase the consistency of data delivery in network. Results : Various OR based routing protocols have shown varying performances. In this paper, a detailed conceptual and experimental analysis is carried out on different protocols that uses OR technique for providing more clear and definitive view on performance parameters like Message Success Rate, Packet Delivery Ratio and Energy Consumption.

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