scholarly journals A Cohort Study on Respiratory Symptoms and Diseases Caused by Toner-Handling Work: Longitudinal Analyses from 2003 to 2013

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Niina Terunuma ◽  
Kazunori Ikegami ◽  
Hiroko Kitamura ◽  
Hajime Ando ◽  
Shizuka Kurosaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Time Weighted Average

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of toner-handling work on respiratory symptoms and diseases. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1468 workers between 2003 and 2013. The cohort included 887 toner-handling workers and 581 non-toner-handling workers, employed in one toner and copier manufacturing enterprise. Toner-handling workers were subdivided into two groups based on the 8-h time-weighted average toner exposure concentration for each work category in the baseline survey. We compared the incidence of respiratory disease and longitudinal changes in the prevalence of subjective respiratory symptoms among three groups, as follows: High-concentration toner exposure group, the low-concentration toner exposure group, and a control group. The incidence of respiratory disease and changes in the prevalence of subjective respiratory symptoms were similar between the non-toner-handling group and the toner-handling group. In contrast, the odds ratio for yearly changes in the prevalence of wheezing without asthmatic response was significantly lower in the high-concentration toner exposure group than in the control group. At the study site, dust scattering was well controlled and workers used respiratory protection appropriately. These findings suggest that toner-handling work had little adverse effect on respiratory function in a work environment with sufficiently controlled ventilation.

scholarly journals Effects of toner-handling work on respiratory function, chest X-ray findings, and biomarkers of inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress: a 10-year prospective Japanese cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niina Terunuma ◽  
Kazunori Ikegami ◽  
Hiroko Kitamura ◽  
Hajime Ando ◽  
Shizuka Kurosaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Exposure to toner, a substance used in photocopiers and printers, has been associated with siderosilicosis and other adverse effects. However, these findings are limited, and there is insufficient evidence on the long-term effects of toner exposure. Using longitudinal analysis, this study aimed to examine the effects of work involving toner exposure on the respiratory system over time. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in a Japanese toner and copier manufacturing enterprise between 2003 and 2013. The cohort included a total of 1468 workers, which comprised 887 toner-handling workers and 581 non-toner-handling workers. We subdivided the toner-handling workers into two groups according to the toner exposure concentration, based on the baseline survey in 2003. We compared the chest X-ray results, respiratory function indicators, and serum and urinary biomarkers of inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress among the three groups: high-concentration toner exposure group, low-concentration toner exposure group, and non-toner-handling group. To consider the effects of individual differences on the longitudinal data, we used a linear mixed model. Results Similar chest X-ray results, the biomarkers, and most of the respiratory function indicators were found in the non-toner-handling and toner-handling groups. There were no significant yearly changes in the percentage of vital capacity (%VC) in the high-concentration toner exposure group, while there was a significant yearly increase in %VC in the low-concentration toner exposure group and non-toner-handling group. The yearly change in each group was as follows: high-concentration toner exposure group, − 0.11% (95% confidence interval [CI], − 0.29 to 0.08; P = 0.250); low-concentration toner exposure group, 0.13% (95% CI, 0.09–0.17; P < 0.001); and non-toner-handling group, 0.15% (95% CI, 0.01–0.20; P < 0.001). Conclusions In our 10-year prospective study, toner-handling work was not associated with the deterioration of respiratory function and an increase in biomarker values for inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress. This finding suggests that toner-handling work is irrelevant to the onset of respiratory disease and has minimal adverse effects on the respiratory system under a well-managed work environment.

scholarly journals Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. n693
Author(s):  
Daniel Ayoubkhani ◽  
Kamlesh Khunti ◽  
Vahé Nafilyan ◽  
Thomas Maddox ◽  
Ben Humberstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Objective To quantify rates of organ specific dysfunction in individuals with covid-19 after discharge from hospital compared with a matched control group from the general population. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting NHS hospitals in England. Participants 47 780 individuals (mean age 65, 55% men) in hospital with covid-19 and discharged alive by 31 August 2020, exactly matched to controls from a pool of about 50 million people in England for personal and clinical characteristics from 10 years of electronic health records. Main outcome measures Rates of hospital readmission (or any admission for controls), all cause mortality, and diagnoses of respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, kidney, and liver diseases until 30 September 2020. Variations in rate ratios by age, sex, and ethnicity. Results Over a mean follow-up of 140 days, nearly a third of individuals who were discharged from hospital after acute covid-19 were readmitted (14 060 of 47 780) and more than 1 in 10 (5875) died after discharge, with these events occurring at rates four and eight times greater, respectively, than in the matched control group. Rates of respiratory disease (P<0.001), diabetes (P<0.001), and cardiovascular disease (P<0.001) were also significantly raised in patients with covid-19, with 770 (95% confidence interval 758 to 783), 127 (122 to 132), and 126 (121 to 131) diagnoses per 1000 person years, respectively. Rate ratios were greater for individuals aged less than 70 than for those aged 70 or older, and in ethnic minority groups compared with the white population, with the largest differences seen for respiratory disease (10.5 (95% confidence interval 9.7 to 11.4) for age less than 70 years v 4.6 (4.3 to 4.8) for age ≥70, and 11.4 (9.8 to 13.3) for non-white v 5.2 (5.0 to 5.5) for white individuals). Conclusions Individuals discharged from hospital after covid-19 had increased rates of multiorgan dysfunction compared with the expected risk in the general population. The increase in risk was not confined to the elderly and was not uniform across ethnicities. The diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of post-covid syndrome requires integrated rather than organ or disease specific approaches, and urgent research is needed to establish the risk factors.

scholarly journals Proactive Management of Intraoperative Hypotension Reduces Biomarkers of Organ Injury and Oxidative Stress during Elective Non-Cardiac Surgery: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Paolo Murabito ◽  
Marinella Astuto ◽  
Filippo Sanfilippo ◽  
Luigi La Via ◽  
Francesco Vasile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Intraoperative Hypotension ◽  
Time Weighted Average ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Intraoperative hypotension is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. Methods: We randomly assigned patients undergoing major general surgery to early warning system (EWS) and hemodynamic algorithm (intervention group, n = 20) or standard care (n = 20). The primary outcome was the difference in hypotension (defined as mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg) and as secondary outcome surrogate markers of organ injury and oxidative stress. Results: The median number of hypotensive episodes was lower in the intervention group (−5.0 (95% CI: −9.0, −0.5); p < 0.001), with lower time spent in hypotension (−12.8 min (95% CI: −38.0, −2.3 min); p = 0.048), correspondent to −4.8% of total surgery time (95% CI: −12.7, 0.01%; p = 0.048).The median time-weighted average of hypotension was 0.12 mmHg (0.35) in the intervention group and 0.37 mmHg (1.11) in the control group, with a median difference of −0.25 mmHg (95% CI: −0.85, −0.01; p = 0.025). Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) correlated with time-weighted average of hypotension (R = 0.32; p = 0.038) and S100B with number of hypotensive episodes, absolute time of hypotension, relative time of hypotension and time-weighted average of hypotension (p < 0.001 for all). The intervention group showed lower Neuronal Specific Enolase (NSE) and higher reduced glutathione when compared to the control group. Conclusions: The use of an EWS coupled with a hemodynamic algorithm resulted in reduced intraoperative hypotension, reduced NSE and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The prevalence of non-contact muscle injuries of the lower limb in professional soccer players who perform Salah regularly: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Bezuglov ◽  
Oleg Talibov ◽  
Mikhail Butovskiy ◽  
Anastasiya Lyubushkina ◽  
Vladimir Khaitin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The present study assessed the prevalence of non-contact muscle injuries of the lower limbs, including hamstring injuries, in professional Russian soccer players who regularly perform Salah, an obligatory Muslim prayer performed 5 times a day. Methods Using a retrospective cohort study design, 68 professional male soccer players (excluding goalkeepers), 34 of whom were Muslims regularly performing Salah (exposure group) and 34 were randomly chosen non-Muslim players (control group), were included in the study. The groups were similar in their playing leagues, field positions, age (27 ± 3.1 vs 28 ± 4.2 years), and body mass index (22 ± 1.2 vs 23 ± 0.92 kg/m2). Results The incidence of hamstring injury was significantly lower in the exposure group (2 vs 14, p = 0.0085). A declining trend for the number of muscle injuries (either hamstring or not) was observed in the exposure group (11 vs 27, p = 0.0562). Two players in the exposure group and 11 in the control group (p = 0.0115, OR 0.1307, 95% CI 0.0276 to 0.5698) suffered a hamstring injury, with no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of other injuries. The total amount of the training and play days missed because of hamstring and other muscle injuries was significantly lower in the exposure group (24 vs 213 days, p = 0.0043, and 200 vs 344 days, p = 0.0066, respectively). Conclusion The prevalence of non-contact muscle injuries, including hamstring injuries, was lower in professional Russian soccer players who regularly performed Salah.

scholarly journals Respiratory Health in a Community Living in Close Proximity to Gold Mine Waste Dumps, Johannesburg, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2240
Author(s):  
Samantha Iyaloo ◽  
Tahira Kootbodien ◽  
Nisha Naicker ◽  
Spo Kgalamono ◽  
Kerry S. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Mine Dumps ◽  
Low Exposure ◽  
Mine Dump

The effects on respiratory health in populations living close to silica-rich gold mine dumps are unknown. This pilot study related respiratory health and exposure to mine dump dust using two measures of exposure: exposure group, based on distance lived from the mine dump—high (n = 93) (home <500 m from a mine dump), moderate (n = 133) (500–1.5 km), and low (n = 84) (>15 km, control group); and cumulative exposure index (CEI) derived from exposure group and number of years of residence in each exposure group. Participants were interviewed about respiratory symptoms and had chest X-rays and spirometry. We adjusted for key respiratory confounders. No subject had radiological features of silicosis. The high relative to low exposure group had significantly elevated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for upper respiratory symptoms (aOR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.28–5.97), chest wheezing (aOR: 3.78; 95% CI: 1.60–8.96), and spirometry-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (aOR: 8.17; 95%CI: 1.01–65.85). These findings were similar for the high relative to medium exposure group, but no significant associations were found for the medium versus low exposure group. Chronic bronchitis and tuberculosis risks did not differ significantly among groups. CEI and exposure group produced similar results. In conclusion, residents residing <500 m from mine dumps had elevated adverse respiratory health effects.

scholarly journals Performance of Hypotension Prediction Index for Prevention of Hypotension and Results on Biomarkers of Organ Injury and Oxidative Stress During Elective Non-Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Murabito ◽  
Marinella Astuto ◽  
Filippo Sanfilippo ◽  
Luigi La Via ◽  
Francesco Basile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intraoperative Hypotension ◽  
Time Weighted Average ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background: Intraoperative hypotension is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. We tested whether the clinical application of an early warning system (EWS) in combination with an algorithm for hemodynamic management reduces the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension as well as decrease the degree of organ injury and oxidative stress. Methods: We randomly assigned patients undergoing major general surgery EWS and hemodynamic algorithm (intervention group, n=20) or standard care (n=20). The primary outcome was the difference in hypotension (defined as mean arterial pressure<65mmHg) evaluated as episodes, time and time-weighted average of hypotension. As secondary outcome we assessed surrogate markers of organ injury (neuron specific enolase -NSE), S100B protein, high-sensitive troponin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin -NGAL) and oxidative stress (reduced glutathione). Results: The median number of hypotensive episodes was lower in the intervention group [-5.0 (95%CI:-9.0,-0.5);P<0.005], with lower time spent in hypotension [-12.8 minutes (95%CI:-38.0,-2.3 min);P<0.001], correspondent to -4.8% of total surgery time (95%CI: -12.7,0.01%; P<0.05). The median time-weighted average of hypotension was 0.12 mmHg (0.35) in the intervention group and 0.37 mmHg (1.11) in the control group, with a median difference of -0.25 mmHg (95%CI:-0.85, -0.01;P<0.05). NGAL was correlated with time-weighted average of hypotension (R=0.32;P<0.05) and S100B with all primary outcomes investigated (all P<0.001). The intervention group had lower NSE and higher reduced glutathione when compared to the control group. Conclusions: The use of an EWS coupled with an hemodynamic algorithm resulted in reduced intraoperative hypotension. This finding was coupled with a reduction of biomarkers of brain injury and oxidative stress.Trial Registration number and date: “Correlation Between Circulating Biomarkers of Organ Damage and Intraoperative Hypotension Management”, NCT03527758, registered on May 17, 2018.https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03527758?term=NCT03527758&draw=2&rank=1

scholarly journals Assessing the chronic respiratory health risk associated with inhalation exposure to powdered toner for printing in actual working conditions: a cohort study on occupationally exposed workers over 10 years

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e022049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Nakadate ◽  
Yuko Yamano ◽  
Takenori Yamauchi ◽  
Shigeko Okubo ◽  
Daichi Nagashima
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Surfactant Protein D ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Symptoms

BackgroundLittle epidemiological evidence exists regarding the chronic respiratory effects of inhaled powdered toner exposure in humans, although several case reports have suggested the existence of lung disorders that might be related to exposure to toner dust.ObjectiveWe aimed to estimate the chronic health risk to humans associated with routine toner dust exposure in copier industry workers under current actual work conditions.DesignA prospective observational cohort study of occupational population.MethodsChanges in chest radiogram, spirometry measurements and serum and urine biomarkers of biomedical responses to extrinsic stress, as well as subjective symptoms were longitudinally observed for up to 10 years in Japanese copier industry workers responsible for the manufacturing, maintenance or recycling of powdered toner or toner-using machines. A total of 694 subjects who did not change their work category during the follow-up and were free from chronic respiratory diseases at the baseline survey provided reliable results on at least three survey occasions during 3 years or more of follow-up.ResultsTypical fibrosis findings associated with pneumoconiosis was not observed on chest radiograms. No significant differences associated with toner exposure were noted in the frequency of new incidence of either non-specific findings on chest radiogram or serum fibrosis biomarkers (sialylated carbohydrate antigen KL-6 and surfactant protein D). However, the exposed subjects tended to show increases in the frequency of respiratory symptoms and reduced spirometry results during the follow-up compared with the control group, although significant differences were only seen in chronic cough.ConclusionsUnder the current reasonably controlled work environmental conditions, lung fibrotic changes caused by inhaled dust exposure, including powdered toner, appear to be relatively uncommon; however, non-specific temporal irritation causing subjective symptoms and inflammatory responses might exist.

Dietary exposure and risk assessment for aflatoxins in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Cressey ◽  
J. Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Life Time ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Time Weighted Average ◽  
Gender Groups

Aflatoxin concentration data for a range of foods available in New Zealand (maize products, nuts and nut products, dried fruits and spices) were combined with dietary recall food consumption information from New Zealand national nutrition surveys to derive exposure estimates for a range of age-gender groups. Mean exposure estimates for total aflatoxins ranged from 0.09-0.11 ng/kg body weight/day for adult females, to 0.32-0.39 ng/kg body weight/ day for 5-10 year old children. Spices were the major contributors to dietary exposure for all population subgroups, followed by nuts and nut products. However, the contribution of spices to total dietary exposure could be traced to a single sample with a very high concentration. A life-time weighted average aflatoxin exposure was derived for New Zealand males and females and was combined with cancer potency estimates to give an assessment of risk. The mean risk equates to a potential for less than one excess cancer every 10 years.

scholarly journals Effects of toner-handling work on respiratory function, chest X-ray findings, and biomarkers of inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress: A ten-year prospective Japanese cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niina Terunuma ◽  
Kazunori Ikegami ◽  
Hiroko Kitamura ◽  
Hajime Ando ◽  
Shizuka Kurosaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background: Exposure to toner, a substance used in photocopiers and printers, has been associated with siderosilicosis and other adverse effects. However, these findings are limited, and there is insufficient evidence on the long-term effects of toner exposure. Using longitudinal analysis, this study aimed to examine the effects of work involving toner exposure on the respiratory system over time.Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in a Japanese toner and copier manufacturing enterprise between 2003 and 2013. The cohort included a total of 1468 workers, which comprised 887 toner-handling workers and 581 non-toner-handling workers. We subdivided the toner-handling workers into two groups according to the toner exposure concentration, based on the baseline survey in 2003. We compared the chest X-ray results, respiratory function indicators, and serum and urinary biomarkers of inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress among the three groups: high-concentration toner exposure group, low-concentration toner exposure group, and non-toner-handling group. To consider the effects of individual differences on the longitudinal data, we used a linear mixed model.Results: Similar chest X-ray results, the biomarkers, and most of the respiratory function indicators were found in the non-toner-handling and toner-handling groups. There were no significant yearly changes in the percentage of vital capacity (%VC) in the high-concentration toner exposure group, while there was a significant yearly increase in %VC in the low-concentration toner exposure group and non-toner-handling group. The yearly change in each group was as follows: high-concentration toner exposure group, -0.11% (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.29 to 0.08; P=0.250); low-concentration toner exposure group, 0.13% (95% CI, 0.09-0.17; P<0.001); and non-toner-handling group, 0.15% (95% CI, 0.01-0.20; P<0.001).Conclusions: In our 10-year prospective study, toner-handling work was not associated with the deterioration of respiratory function and an increase in biomarker values for inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress. This finding suggests that toner-handling work is irrelevant to the onset of respiratory disease and has minimal adverse effects on the respiratory system under a well-managed work environment.

scholarly journals Effects of toner-handling work on respiratory function, chest X-ray findings, and biomarkers of inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress: a prospective Japanese cohort study from 2003 to 2013

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niina Terunuma ◽  
Kazunori Ikegami ◽  
Hiroko Kitamura ◽  
Hajime Ando ◽  
Shizuka Kurosaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background: Exposure to toner, a substance used in photocopiers and printers, has been associated with siderosilicosis and other adverse effects. However, these findings are limited, and there is insufficient evidence on the long-term effects of toner exposure. Using longitudinal analysis, this study aimed to examine the effects of work involving toner exposure on the respiratory system over time.Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in a Japanese toner and copier manufacturing enterprise between 2003 and 2013. The cohort included a total of 1468 workers, which comprised 887 toner-handling workers and 581 non-toner-handling workers. We subdivided the toner-handling workers into two groups according to the toner exposure concentration, based on the baseline survey in 2003. We compared the chest X-ray results, respiratory function indicators, and serum and urinary biomarkers of inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress among three groups: high-concentration toner exposure group, low-concentration toner exposure group, and non-toner-handling group. To consider the effects of individual differences on longitudinal data, we used a linear mixed model.Results: The chest X-ray results and most of the biomarkers and respiratory function indicators were similar for the non-toner-handling and toner-handling groups. There were no significant yearly changes in the percentage of vital capacity (%VC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in the high-concentration toner exposure group, while there was a significant yearly increase in %VC and PEFR in the low-concentration toner exposure group and non-toner-handling group. Regarding interleukin-8, we did not observe a significant yearly change in the toner-handling group but observed a significant yearly increase of 0.1 pg/ml in the non-toner-handling group.Conclusions: Toner-handling work was not associated with the deterioration of respiratory function and an increase in biomarker values for inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress. This finding suggests that toner-handling work is irrelevant to the onset of respiratory disease and has minimal adverse effects on the respiratory system under the well-managed work environment.

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