Assessing Peak-To-Mean Ratios of Odour Intensity in the Atmosphere near Swine Operations

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Xiaojing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Stability Class ◽  
Odour Source ◽  
Class B ◽  
Swine Operations ◽  
Measurement Session ◽  
Averaging Time

Odour in the atmosphere is usually characterized by an intermittent time series of high peaks and periods of low (or zero) concentrations. The peak-to-mean ratio (PMR) is commonly used to estimate short-term peaks from long-term averages to assess the odour impact. The objective of this study was to quantify the peak-to-mean ratio of odour intensity (PMR_OI) in the atmosphere near swine operations. Fifteen human assessors (sniffers) were trained to use an 8 point odour intensity scale to measure odour intensity in the ambient air near two swine operations. In each measurement session, the sniffers were placed 0° (in the direction of wind), 30°, and 45° from the wind directions at 100, 500, and 1000 m from the swine operations to sniff odour in the air every 10 s for 30 min. The results showed that odour in the atmosphere was intermittent. The intermittency (% of time when odour was detected) increased with the averaging time and decreased with the distance from the odour source and the direction from the wind. The measured intermittency ranged from 13% to 85%. The PMR_OI increased with the averaging time, the distance from the source, and the direction from the wind. In the wind direction, the largest difference in PMR_OI between 1 and 30 min averaging times was 68% (2.5 vs. 4.2), which occurred at 1000 m from the odour source under stability class B. The average PMR_OI increased from 1.5 at 100 m to 3.5 at 1000 m. Atmospheric stability had a noticeable effect on PMR_OI. At 1000 m, the 30 min PMR_OI decreased from 4.2 at stability class B (unstable) to 2.4 at E (slightly stable).

scholarly journals The Relationship between Air Stability and Visibility over Baghdad City

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Ahmed F. Hassoon ◽  
Mohammed M. Ahmed ◽  
Nadia M. Abd
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Stability Class ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Class B ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Stability

In this study, Pasquill atmospheric stability determined at daytime for January and July 2010 fixed for Baghdad city. The classification of stability was made using data of wind speed and solar radiation. These classes were compared with atmospheric stability recorded hourly in Baghdad airport station. The results show that stability class, B and C make up the highest percentages, while class A is non-existent during winter "this" can be attributed to prevailing parameter weather and their frequencies such as temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation. The stability classes were estimated to be medium to moderate. In summer, B and A-B stability classes were more predominant than others. Visibility in January month is very high and concentrated at 8500-11500 meters and has a rate of 75%, while the bad visibility range at this month is about 7.6%. In July month the rate of clear weather conditions of visibility is about 65.8%. Atmospheric elements (temperature, relative humidity wind speed, solar radiation) are compared with visibility at specified stability class to show it’s affected on visibility. If more stable conditions existed this refers to the better extent of visibility, this means unstable conditions reduce atmospheric visibility with help of atmospheric elements. Overall, the most affected class on the visibility is neutral condition and near-neutral condition, but you may determine the location if there is near to the location of emission pollutant or aerosols, consequently, the case is different.

scholarly journals Dispersi Polutan Karbon Monoksida di Sekitar Pintu Tol Baranangsiang Bogor (Carbon monoxide Dispersion in the Vicinity of Baranangsiang Toll Gateway in Bogor)

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Yudith Vega Paramitadevi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Stability Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Co Intoxication ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Class B ◽  
Heavy Burden

Over the past decade, emission from carbon monoxide (CO) has risen due to the increase of vehicles per year. Bogor as a weekend tourist tour town has a heavy burden in the terms of the volume of motor vehicles. The object of this study is Baranangsiang Bogor toll gateway, where queue of motor vehicles is often the case, and allegedly produces many pollutants CO. This study was conductes to simulate the CO concentration by the method of Finite Length Line Source (FLLS) aroung Baranangsiang Bogor toll gateway and recapitulate types of diseases associated with CO impacts on communities around the toll is in line with the pattern of increase in the volume of vehicles at 6% per years. Based on the result of measurements and simulations that were conducted on four sampling points within 20 m and 190 m from the sources pollutions on 26th August to 1st September 2014, the concentration of CO is still within the range of quality standards in accordance with Regulation No. 41 of 1999 which is 634-9189 µg/Nm3. Dispesion of pollutants CO dominantly heading Eastwards with the wind speed measurements 1.5-5.2 m/s and atmospheric stability class B. Kampung Sawah RT 02 RW 07is exposed to higher CO. Recapitulation of medical records showed that CO intoxication suspected cases of the disease are more common in Kampung Sawah housing than IPB Baranangsiang 4 Settlement.Keywords : Baranangsiang Toll Gate, Carbon Monoxide, CO Intoxication, Dispersion CO

41. Diffusion Badges as a Long-Term, Low-Level Method of Ambient Air Analysis

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Parker ◽  
S. Rose-Pehrsson ◽  
D. Kidwell
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Analysis ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Level Method

Class B Land Application: A Long-term, Highly Successful Public-Private Partnership

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1056-1064
Author(s):  
Jake Finlinson ◽  
Dave Ruud ◽  
Andy Bary ◽  
Maile Lono-Batura
Keyword(s):  
Land Application ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Class B

scholarly journals Acute and chronic exposure to air pollution in relation with incidence, prevalence, severity and mortality of COVID-19: a rapid systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. M. C. Katoto ◽  
Amanda S. Brand ◽  
Buket Bakan ◽  
Paul Musa Obadia ◽  
Carsi Kuhangana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutant ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Background Air pollution is one of the world’s leading mortality risk factors contributing to seven million deaths annually. COVID-19 pandemic has claimed about one million deaths in less than a year. However, it is unclear whether exposure to acute and chronic air pollution influences the COVID-19 epidemiologic curve. Methods We searched for relevant studies listed in six electronic databases between December 2019 and September 2020. We applied no language or publication status limits. Studies presented as original articles, studies that assessed risk, incidence, prevalence, or lethality of COVID-19 in relation with exposure to either short-term or long-term exposure to ambient air pollution were included. All patients regardless of age, sex and location diagnosed as having COVID-19 of any severity were taken into consideration. We synthesised results using harvest plots based on effect direction. Results Included studies were cross-sectional (n = 10), retrospective cohorts (n = 9), ecological (n = 6 of which two were time-series) and hypothesis (n = 1). Of these studies, 52 and 48% assessed the effect of short-term and long-term pollutant exposure, respectively and one evaluated both. Pollutants mostly studied were PM2.5 (64%), NO2 (50%), PM10 (43%) and O3 (29%) for acute effects and PM2.5 (85%), NO2 (39%) and O3 (23%) then PM10 (15%) for chronic effects. Most assessed COVID-19 outcomes were incidence and mortality rate. Acutely, pollutants independently associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality were first PM2.5 then PM10, NO2 and O3 (only for incident cases). Chronically, similar relationships were found for PM2.5 and NO2. High overall risk of bias judgments (86 and 39% in short-term and long-term exposure studies, respectively) was predominantly due to a failure to adjust aggregated data for important confounders, and to a lesser extent because of a lack of comparative analysis. Conclusion The body of evidence indicates that both acute and chronic exposure to air pollution can affect COVID-19 epidemiology. The evidence is unclear for acute exposure due to a higher level of bias in existing studies as compared to moderate evidence with chronic exposure. Public health interventions that help minimize anthropogenic pollutant source and socio-economic injustice/disparities may reduce the planetary threat posed by both COVID-19 and air pollution pandemics.

scholarly journals Systemic Inflammation (C-Reactive Protein) in Older Chinese Adults Is Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3258
Author(s):  
Mona Elbarbary ◽  
Artem Oganesyan ◽  
Trenton Honda ◽  
Geoffrey Morgan ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
Older Chinese Adults

There is an established association between air pollution and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is likely to be mediated by systemic inflammation. The present study evaluated links between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) in an older Chinese adult cohort (n = 7915) enrolled in the World Health Organization (WHO) study on global aging and adult health (SAGE) China Wave 1 in 2008–2010. Multilevel linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on log-transformed hs-CRP levels and odds ratios of CVD risk derived from CRP levels adjusted for confounders. A satellite-based spatial statistical model was applied to estimate the average community exposure to outdoor air pollutants (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10), 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5), and 1 μm or less (PM1) and NO2) for each participant of the study. hs-CRP levels were drawn from dried blood spots of each participant. Each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM10, PM2.5, PM1, and NO2 was associated with 12.8% (95% confidence interval; (CI): 9.1, 16.6), 15.7% (95% CI: 10.9, 20.8), 10.2% (95% CI: 7.3, 13.2), and 11.8% (95% CI: 7.9, 15.8) higher serum levels of hs-CRP, respectively. Our findings suggest that air pollution may be an important factor in increasing systemic inflammation in older Chinese adults.

scholarly journals Classifying the Biological Status of Honeybee Workers Using Gas Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Jakub T. Wilk ◽  
Beata Bąk ◽  
Piotr Artiemjew ◽  
Jerzy Wilde ◽  
Maciej Siuda
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
True Positive Rate ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Parameters Of Accuracy ◽  
Selection Of

Honeybee workers have a specific smell depending on the age of workers and the biological status of the colony. Laboratory tests were carried out at the Department of Apiculture at UWM Olsztyn, using gas sensors installed in two twin prototype multi-sensor detectors. The study aimed to compare the responses of sensors to the odor of old worker bees (3–6 weeks old), young ones (0–1 days old), and those from long-term queenless colonies. From the experimental colonies, 10 samples of 100 workers were taken for each group and placed successively in the research chambers for the duration of the study. Old workers came from outer nest combs, young workers from hatching out brood in an incubator, and laying worker bees from long-term queenless colonies from brood combs (with laying worker bee’s eggs, humped brood, and drones). Each probe was measured for 10 min, and then immediately for another 10 min ambient air was given to regenerate sensors. The results were analyzed using 10 different classifiers. Research has shown that the devices can distinguish between the biological status of bees. The effectiveness of distinguishing between classes, determined by the parameters of accuracy balanced and true positive rate, of 0.763 and 0.742 in the case of the best euclidean.1nn classifier, may be satisfactory in the context of practical beekeeping. Depending on the environment accompanying the tested objects (a type of insert in the test chamber), the introduction of other classifiers as well as baseline correction methods may be considered, while the selection of the appropriate classifier for the task may be of great importance for the effectiveness of the classification.

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