scholarly journals Dispersi Polutan Karbon Monoksida di Sekitar Pintu Tol Baranangsiang Bogor (Carbon monoxide Dispersion in the Vicinity of Baranangsiang Toll Gateway in Bogor)

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Yudith Vega Paramitadevi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Stability Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Co Intoxication ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Class B ◽  
Heavy Burden

Over the past decade, emission from carbon monoxide (CO) has risen due to the increase of vehicles per year. Bogor as a weekend tourist tour town has a heavy burden in the terms of the volume of motor vehicles. The object of this study is Baranangsiang Bogor toll gateway, where queue of motor vehicles is often the case, and allegedly produces many pollutants CO. This study was conductes to simulate the CO concentration by the method of Finite Length Line Source (FLLS) aroung Baranangsiang Bogor toll gateway and recapitulate types of diseases associated with CO impacts on communities around the toll is in line with the pattern of increase in the volume of vehicles at 6% per years. Based on the result of measurements and simulations that were conducted on four sampling points within 20 m and 190 m from the sources pollutions on 26th August to 1st September 2014, the concentration of CO is still within the range of quality standards in accordance with Regulation No. 41 of 1999 which is 634-9189 µg/Nm3. Dispesion of pollutants CO dominantly heading Eastwards with the wind speed measurements 1.5-5.2 m/s and atmospheric stability class B. Kampung Sawah RT 02 RW 07is exposed to higher CO. Recapitulation of medical records showed that CO intoxication suspected cases of the disease are more common in Kampung Sawah housing than IPB Baranangsiang 4 Settlement.Keywords : Baranangsiang Toll Gate, Carbon Monoxide, CO Intoxication, Dispersion CO

Assessing Peak-To-Mean Ratios of Odour Intensity in the Atmosphere near Swine Operations

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Xiaojing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Stability Class ◽  
Odour Source ◽  
Class B ◽  
Swine Operations ◽  
Measurement Session ◽  
Averaging Time

Odour in the atmosphere is usually characterized by an intermittent time series of high peaks and periods of low (or zero) concentrations. The peak-to-mean ratio (PMR) is commonly used to estimate short-term peaks from long-term averages to assess the odour impact. The objective of this study was to quantify the peak-to-mean ratio of odour intensity (PMR_OI) in the atmosphere near swine operations. Fifteen human assessors (sniffers) were trained to use an 8 point odour intensity scale to measure odour intensity in the ambient air near two swine operations. In each measurement session, the sniffers were placed 0° (in the direction of wind), 30°, and 45° from the wind directions at 100, 500, and 1000 m from the swine operations to sniff odour in the air every 10 s for 30 min. The results showed that odour in the atmosphere was intermittent. The intermittency (% of time when odour was detected) increased with the averaging time and decreased with the distance from the odour source and the direction from the wind. The measured intermittency ranged from 13% to 85%. The PMR_OI increased with the averaging time, the distance from the source, and the direction from the wind. In the wind direction, the largest difference in PMR_OI between 1 and 30 min averaging times was 68% (2.5 vs. 4.2), which occurred at 1000 m from the odour source under stability class B. The average PMR_OI increased from 1.5 at 100 m to 3.5 at 1000 m. Atmospheric stability had a noticeable effect on PMR_OI. At 1000 m, the 30 min PMR_OI decreased from 4.2 at stability class B (unstable) to 2.4 at E (slightly stable).

scholarly journals Exposure to Carbon Monoxide while Commuting in Popular Modes of Transport in Karachi, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Shams ◽  
Muhammad Saqib Khan ◽  
Syed Taha Ahmed ◽  
Rumaisa Ilyas ◽  
Zeeshan Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
The City ◽  
Co Concentrations

Motor vehicles are the single largest source of toxic carbon monoxide in Karachi because advance emission control devices are not fitted in them mainly due to non-availability of low sulfur or sulfur-free fuel. On the contrary, commuters' exposure to carbon monoxide has not yet been investigated, while commuting in any motor vehicle of the city. Therefore, the present study investigated commuter's exposure to carbon monoxide, while travelling in nine different popular modes of transport. The exposure to CO concentrations was recorded inside the buses of seven standard routes of the city. Similarly, exposure to ambient carbon monoxide was also explored, while riding a motorbike on two different routes of the city. On an average, he came in contact with 6.82 ± 2.66 ppm CO during 7576 minutes travelling on nine routes of the metropolis. He was exposed to the highest CO concentration (15.20 ± 9.59 ppm), while riding a motorbike through Route 1 that passed through heavily populated neighborhood. Rider's exposure to carbon monoxide was found significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with wind velocity. As a whole, commuter's exposures to carbon monoxide during evening was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those of the morning sessions. The present study will provide baseline information for reducing human exposure to the deadly carbon monoxide.    

scholarly journals The Relationship between Air Stability and Visibility over Baghdad City

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Ahmed F. Hassoon ◽  
Mohammed M. Ahmed ◽  
Nadia M. Abd
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Stability Class ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Class B ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Stability

In this study, Pasquill atmospheric stability determined at daytime for January and July 2010 fixed for Baghdad city. The classification of stability was made using data of wind speed and solar radiation. These classes were compared with atmospheric stability recorded hourly in Baghdad airport station. The results show that stability class, B and C make up the highest percentages, while class A is non-existent during winter "this" can be attributed to prevailing parameter weather and their frequencies such as temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation. The stability classes were estimated to be medium to moderate. In summer, B and A-B stability classes were more predominant than others. Visibility in January month is very high and concentrated at 8500-11500 meters and has a rate of 75%, while the bad visibility range at this month is about 7.6%. In July month the rate of clear weather conditions of visibility is about 65.8%. Atmospheric elements (temperature, relative humidity wind speed, solar radiation) are compared with visibility at specified stability class to show it’s affected on visibility. If more stable conditions existed this refers to the better extent of visibility, this means unstable conditions reduce atmospheric visibility with help of atmospheric elements. Overall, the most affected class on the visibility is neutral condition and near-neutral condition, but you may determine the location if there is near to the location of emission pollutant or aerosols, consequently, the case is different.

CARBON MONOXIDE INTOXICATION FROM DOMESTIC FUEL-BURNING FURNCACES AND APPLIANCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadhira Dahari ◽  
Mimi Haryani Hassim ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Fuel Burning ◽  
The People ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Co Intoxication ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Cooking Fuels

The aim of this research paper is to determine if dwellers of rural areas who cook using fuel-burning furnaces and appliances such as woods, charcoal and natural gas are exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication and to measure the extent of CO intoxication on dwellers resulting from their cooking activities. The data on CO concentration and health problems for this research study were gathered through the means of observation and interview. Samplings were also carried out to measure the CO level at the selected areas, which were identified based on the criteria of the research. These two steps were done concurrently. The measurements of CO in the houses at Kampong Orang Asli Simpang Arang, Gelang Patah residential were taken outside of the houses, inside the kitchen areas before switching the stove on, after the stove was switched on, during the cooking process and after the cooking was completed. The study shows that the dwellers of rural areas who cook using woods as cooking fuels are found to be exposed to CO intoxication and the factors that influence the health risks are duration of cooking activities per meal, frequency of cooking activities, the absence of proper ventilation as well as the amount of CO concentration released during cooking activities. The measured CO concentration from woods during the experiment was in the range of 150 to 500 ppm. Through CO samplings of charcoal and natural gas as control experiments, it is also found that both sources did not contribute to any serious health effects to the people using them as cooking fuels. Meanwhile, the average CO toxicant produced from burning woods was the highest and this indicates that the CO level from woods is the most risky one among the other domestic fuels commonly used.

Risk Factor Of Substitution ARV First Line People Living With HIV/AIDS In General Hospital Buleleng Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Luh Putu Desy Puspaningrat ◽  
Gusti Putu Candra ◽  
Putu Dian Prima Kusuma Dewi ◽  
I Made Sundayana ◽  
Indrie Lutfiana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factor Substitution ◽  
Living With Hiv

Substitution is still a threat to the failure of ARV therapy so that no matter how small it must be noted and monitored in ARV therapy. The aims  was analysis risk factor substitution ARV first line in therapy ARV. This study was an analytic longitudinal study with retrospective secondary data analysis in a cohort of patients receiving ARV therapy at the District General Hospital of Buleleng District for the period of 2006-2015 and secondary data from medical records of PLHA patients receiving ART.  Result in this study that the percentage of first-line ARV substitution events is 9.88% (119/1204) who received ARV therapy for the past 11 years. Risk factors that increase the risk of substitution in ARV therapy patients are zidovudine (aOR 4.29 CI 1.31 -2.65 p 0.01), nevirapine (aOR1.86 CI 2.15 - 8.59 p 0.01) and functional working status (aOR 1.46 CI 1.13 - 1.98 p 0.01). 

Neurological Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit L. Bleecker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Biological Plausibility ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neurologic Disorders

This chapter describes neurologic disorders related primarily to occupational exposures along with presenting signs and symptoms. Acute or subacute occupational exposure to high levels of neurotoxic compounds, which occurred in the past and resulted in unique presentations of neurological disorders, occur infrequently today. Sections include the evaluation of toxic neuropathies and the approach to neurobehavioral impairment along with the cognitive domains commonly affected with exposure to neurointoxicants. A section describes the approach to a patient with exposure to neurointoxicants that includes the need for a temporal association between exposure and effect, a dose-effect relationship, biological plausibility, and other causes eliminated Effects of selected neurotoxins are described, including carbon monoxide, lead, organic solvents, and manganese.

scholarly journals Challenge of diabetes mellitus and researchers’ contributions to its control

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 614-634
Author(s):  
Ayodele T. Odularu ◽  
Peter A. Ajibade
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Type 3

Abstract The aim of this review study was to assess the past significant events on diabetes mellitus, transformations that took place over the years in the medical records of treatment, countries involved, and the researchers who brought about the revolutions. This study used the content analysis to report the existence of diabetes mellitus and the treatments provided by researchers to control it. The focus was mainly on three main types of diabetes (type 1, type 2, and type 3 diabetes). Ethical consideration has also helped to boost diabetic studies globally. The research has a history path from pharmaceuticals of organic-based drugs to metal-based drugs with their nanoparticles in addition to the impacts of nanomedicine, biosensors, and telemedicine. Ongoing and future studies in alternative medicine such as vanadium nanoparticles (metal nanoparticles) are promising.

EFFECT OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON THE RATE OF EXCRETION OF ETHANOL BY KIDNEYS

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Beschasnyi S.P. ◽  
Lysenko E.M. ◽  
Hasiuk O.M. ◽  
Erlish О.О.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Co Intoxication ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that is colourless, odourless, and has the potential to cause momentaryhypoxia by bonding with heme-inspired proteins. Because of these properties, it causes the highest number of toxications. Due to its properties, this gas causes damage to the nervous and cardiovascular system. The development of anoxia is associated with the impact on the system of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and the development of oxidative stress in the body. The body produces a small amount of carbon monoxide as a result of erythrocyte breakdown. Picomolar concentrations of carbon monoxide even have anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic,cytoprotective and antiproliferative properties. Kidney is one of the first organs,that responds to the occurrence of hypoxia, are responsible for the removal of products of metabolism and toxicants, including ethanol. For the study, the blood and urine samples were taken from patients with acute intoxication. The amount of methemoglobin in the blood was determined by spectrophotometric method. The concentration of ethanol in blood and urine was measured by gas-liquid chromatography method. The correlation analysis showed that carbon monoxide affects the rate of excretion of ethanol from the body. Among individuals under 40 years of age, there was a correlation between the level of carbon monoxide and the amount of ethanol in the blood. Among older adults this correlation was not established. A direct correlation with the level of this gas in the blood and the level of ethanol in the urine among people under 40 years of age was found. Among older individuals, the opposite was observed –a high level of methemoglobin was responsible for the decreased level of ethanol. There were no correlations between methemoglobin level and age. Comparison of the studied indices did not show any sexual differences in ethanol excretion, but there were age specific features: ethanol excretion under the influence of carbon monoxide among people under 40 years old was more accelerated.Key words:hypoxia, CO intoxication, blood, methemoglobin, kidneys. Монооксид карбону являє собою токсичний газ, який не має кольору,без запаху та здатен спричиняти миттєву гіпоксію шляхом зв’язування з гем-вмісними білками. Через такі властивості він спричиняє найбільшу кількість отруєнь. Цей газ,завдяки своїм властивостям,спричиняє ураження нервової та серцево-судинної системи. Розвиток аноксії пов’язаний із впливом на систему окисного фосфорилювання у мітохондріях та розвиткомоксидативного стресу. В організмі продукується невелика кількість ендогенного монооксиду карбону внаслідок розпаду еритроцитів. Пікомолярні концентрації монооксиду карбону навіть володіють протизапальними, антиапоптичними, цитопротекторними та антипроліферативними властивостями. Нирки є одним із перших органів, який реагує на розвитокгіпоксії, вони відповідають за видалення продуктів метаболізму й токсикантів, зокрема етанолу.Зміни у функціонуванні нирок відображаються на загальному стані організму.Для дослідження отримували зразки крові та сечі від осіб із гострою інтоксикацією. У крові спектрофотометричним методом визначали вміст метгемоглобіну, який утворювався внаслідок вдихання монооксиду карбону та відповідного потрапляння до кровоносної системи. Методом газово-рідинної хроматографії вимірювали концентрацію етанолу у крові та сечі. Розрахунок кореляційних зв’язків показав, що монооксид карбону впливає на швидкість екскреції етанолу. У осіб до 40 років спостерігалася кореляція між показником рівня метгемоглобінута вмістом етанолу у крові. У осіб старшого віку цього зв’язку не встановлено. Виявлено прямий зв’язок із рівнем цього газу у крові та рівнем етанолу в сечі у осіб до 40 років. У осіб старшого віку спостерігалася зворотня реакція–високий рівень метгемоглобінуобумовлював зниження рівня етанолу. Кореляційні зв’язки між вмістом метгемоглобіну та віком не було виявлено. Порівняння досліджуваних показників не виявило статевих відмінностей у екскреції етанолу, проте виявлено вікові особливості: екскреція етанолу в умовах впливу монооксиду карбону в осіб до 40 років була більш пришвидшена.Таким чином, можна стверджувати, що монооксид карбону обумовлює зміни у функціональній активності нирок.Ключові слова:гіпоксія, інтоксикація СО, кров, метгемоглобін, нирки.

scholarly journals Identification of inappropriate prescribing in a Brazilian nursing home using STOPP/START screening tools and the Beers' Criteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Martins Gonzaga Nascimento ◽  
Andréia Queiroz Ribeiro ◽  
Mariana Linhares Pereira ◽  
Adriana Cristina Soares ◽  
Antônio Ignácio de Loyola Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Beers Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prescribing Omissions

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use and associated factors, as well as the prevalence of Prescribing Omissions (PO). A cross-sectional study was conducted in a philanthropic Brazilian nursing home involving 46 individuals aged 60 years or older. The following information was collected from medical records and drug prescriptions: gender, age, health conditions and drugs used in the past thirty days. PIM and PO were identified according to the Beers' Criteria and the STOPP/START screening tools. Over one third (37%) of the population used at least one PIM according to the Beers' Criteria (n=17) and 60.9% according to the STOPP tool. A significant association was found between polypharmacy (use of five or more drugs) and use of PIM according to the Beers' Criteria, but not according to the STOPP. Eight residents (17.4%) were exposed to eight PO. This study allowed the diagnosis of a concerning drug utilization profile with use of a high number of PIMs. Thus, there is an evident need to implement strategies for improving geriatric prescription.

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