scholarly journals Irrigation Groundwater Quality Characteristics: A Case Study of Cyprus

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Nikolaou ◽  
Damianos Neocleous ◽  
Christos Christophi ◽  
Theodosia Heracleous ◽  
Marinos Markou
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Agricultural Areas

This study was conducted in order to investigate possible quality changes in Cyprus’ groundwater resources over a 10-year period of pumping and to check the suitability of primary irrigation water. Water samples (n = 890) from private wells in agricultural areas were analyzed from 2009 to 2018 to determine various physicochemical properties. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were also calculated to evaluate potential soil degradation issues. Sodium, chloride and sulphate were found to be the predominant ions in groundwater. Quality evaluation showed possible restrictions in groundwater use for irrigation in relation to its salt content and the toxicity of specific ions having adverse effects on sensitive and several moderately sensitive crops. In particular, an increasing trend was observed in pumped groundwater for boron ion concentrations. Nevertheless, all samples evaluated were suitable for irrigation in terms of soil sodicitation and soil infiltration rate. This study indicates that in order to maintain long-term agricultural sustainability it is imperative to develop strategic plants to mitigate the adverse effects of water-pumped quality deterioration on soils and crops. Precision agriculture techniques may be adapted for better water and nutrient input/output management, thus protecting groundwater from salinization in agricultural areas. These results, among others, may be a useful tool to enhance the ability of Cyprus’s agricultural water sector to adapt to observed and anticipated climate impacts.

scholarly journals Non-potable Water Quality Assessment Methodology for Water Conservation in Arid Climates

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
Geraldine Seguela ◽  
J. R. Littlewood ◽  
G. Karani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Medical Facility ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Infiltration Rate

Abstract This paper documents a non-potable water (NPW) quality assessment methodology for a decentralized non-potable water system in Abu Dhabi (AD), capital city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which is dominated by sandy and salty soil, high temperature, and humidity. The context is a medical facility case study (MFCS) in AD, which includes a landscape 50% as large as its building footprint. The project identified the need to investigate the impact of air handling unit (AHU) air conditioning (A/C) condensate water (CW) quality on soil health and building hydraulic systems. The aim of the research was to measure the impact of using recycled on-site NPW sources in a MFCS in AD, to alleviate the use of desalinated potable water and reduce associated energy consumption, operation cost, and greenhouse gas emissions for landscape irrigation (LI) and water feature (WF) use. CW has been tested in 2016 and in 2017 and analysed against local authority’s parameter limits to establish suitability for LI and WF use. The findings are that in AD CW classification and characterization is a gap in knowledge whereby salinity and toxicity concentration limits should be addressed by the local authority because CW has an impact on soil infiltration rate due its low dissolved salt content as evidenced by the water test results. The recommendations for this paper are to develop a sustainable water conservation and reuse (SWC) strategy forming the basis for a water protocol by the competent authority for regional medical facility including a methodology for assessing on-site NPW quality for outdoor reuse to reduce soil infiltration problems and consequently conserve water and associated energy. The next steps are to confirm if the MFCS soil infiltration rate is affected by the CW or other factors, and to test additional NPW types.

scholarly journals Geospatial Approach for Assessment of Groundwater Quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Chandra Gauns ◽  
M. Nagarajan ◽  
R. Lalitha ◽  
M. Baskar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio ◽  
Ussl Diagram

Abstract Increasing population, erratic distribution of rainfall, and their rising demand for water in domestic and irrigation is fulfilled by groundwater resources. Due to overexploitation, there is the deterioration of groundwater quality and hence to evaluate the groundwater quality, a study was undertaken to understand the water suitability for drinking as well as for irrigation purposes. For this study, five villages namely Kumulur, Tachankurunchi, Pudurutamanur, Pandaravadai, and Poovalur were selected from Trichy District, Tamil Nadu, India with an areal extent of 45.1 km2. For the water quality assessment, samples were drawn from 53 locations from the sources like open well, bore well and hand pumps, etc., Parameters of pH, EC, TDS, Anions - CO3 2−, HCO3−, Cl−, SO4 2−, Cations - Ca2+, Mg2+, B3+, Na+ and potassium (K+) were estimated using the standard analytical procedure in three different seasons Viz., S-I (September 2019), S-II (December 2019) and S-III (March 2020). The WQI was computed for drinking water quality and it was found that 25% samples in S-I, 80% samples in S-II, and 83% samples in S-III were above the permissible limit for drinking purposes. Indices like Sodium Percentage, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Permeability Index, Kelly’s Ratio, Magnesium Hazard Ratio, Potential Salinity, USSL Diagram, Wilcox Plot, Piper Diagram, and Gibbs plot were evaluated for examining irrigation water quality. The results revealed that 90% of the area, the water is suitable for irrigation purposes and a few locations (10%) wherein the salt content of water are relatively higher than the entire study area.

The effects of the 1975–76 drought on groundwater and aquifers

1978 ◽  
Vol 363 (1712) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

The drought of 1975–76 that affected not only the British Isles but extended to much of the continent of Europe, became severe only after the exceptionally dry winter of 1975/76 when within most of England and Wales negligible recharge to aquifers occurred. Thus by the spring of 1976 when seasonal underground storage should have been at its peak, aquifer storage was already at a very low level. Since, however, groundwater levels in aquifers are controlled by local and variable base level drainage conditions, the extent to which further falls in level could occur under natural unconfined conditions was limited so that by autumn 1976 in most places levels were lower than those previously recorded by only a few metres. Within confined aquifers having lower storativities, effects were usually more severe and falls in level below those previously recorded of more than 10 m occurred. Had it not been for the exception­ally wet winter of 1974/75 when recharge to aquifers was generally well above average, groundwater levels in the autumn of 1976 might have been considerably lower. The authors have been unable to discern any long-term adverse effects on British aquifers in which by the early spring of 1977 groundwater levels had, in almost every known case, recovered to higher than average levels except in areas with levels lowered previously by over-abstraction. No permanent ill effects on groundwater quality have so far become apparent.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality beneath Agriculturally Advanced Region of Northern Alluvial Plain, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7053
Author(s):  
Anant Gautam ◽  
Suresh Chand Rai ◽  
Shive Prakash Rai
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Chemical Leaching ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Water Accumulation ◽  
Continuous Use

In the present study, groundwater suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes was analyzed in the alluvial aquifers of the Bist-Doab region of Punjab, India, using various indices such as WQI, WAWQI, MCDA, RSC, SAR, PI, %Na, KR, MH, PS, K, and Ka. Since it is difficult to assess the suitability of groundwater for irrigation based on various indices individually, a composite groundwater quality index for irrigation (CGQII) was used in the study which transforms nine indices to a single value for each sample. Results reveal that the groundwater of a few blocks was found unsuitable for domestic use due to chemical leaching from fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural and industrial wastes. Whereas, the groundwater of mainly southwestern parts was found unsuitable for irrigation due to long-term water accumulation in aquifers and continuous use of sodium-ion-rich groundwater. The findings conclude that anthropogenic activities have played a significant role in making groundwater unfit for domestic and irrigation purposes in the study area. The present study also emphasizes continuous monitoring and evaluation of groundwater quality, which will help in strategic planning and management for the conservation of groundwater resources in the region.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality in Agricultural Lands Near a Rapidly Urbanized Area, South China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1783
Author(s):  
Lingxia Liu ◽  
Shihua Qi ◽  
Wenzhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Porous Aquifers ◽  
Geogenic Sources

Understanding the groundwater quality and its factors is a key issue in the context of the use and protection of groundwater resources in agricultural areas near urbanized areas. This study assessed the groundwater quality in agricultural areas in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) by a fuzzy synthetic evaluation method and determined the main factors controlling the groundwater quality by principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that approximately 85% of groundwater sites in agricultural lands in the PRD were good-quality (drinkable). Drinkable groundwater was 95% and 80% in fissured aquifers and porous aquifers, respectively. Poor-quality groundwater in porous aquifers was controlled by four factors according to the PCA, including the seawater intrusion; the lateral recharge and irrigation of surface water and geogenic sources for As, Fe, NH4+, and Mn; the wastewater infiltration; and the geogenic sources for iodide. By contrast, another four factors, including the infiltration of wastewater and agricultural fertilizers, the geogenic sources for heavy metals, the geogenic sources for iodide, and the irrigation of contaminated river water, were responsible for the poor-quality groundwater in fissured aquifers. Therefore, in the future, the groundwater protection in agricultural lands in the PRD should be strengthened because the majority of groundwater in these areas was good-quality and suitable for drinking and agricultural purposes. In addition, poor-quality groundwater in agricultural lands in the PRD was a small proportion and negligible because the factors for poor-quality groundwater are complicated.

scholarly journals Fortified Structures in Cilician An Evaluation on Conservation Problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Sökmen Kök ◽  
◽  
Yegan Kahya Sayar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
The People ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Cilicia has been considered as a settlement territory for centuries due to its location that connects Anatolia to Mesopotamia as well as its favourable geographical conditions. In the region where various civilizations wanted to take control, fortified structres were needed since ancient ages in order to ensure the security of roads, agricultural areas, important centers and the people due to conflicts, invasions and wars. Especially, when long-term peace and security could not be maintained, existing buildings were renewed and new ones were built. These monumental structures are extremely valuable with their unique architecture that fits the features of the topography, cultural layers and fortified systems. Therefore, it is important to ensure their sustainability. However, while some of the buildings try to survive despite various adverse effects, some of them are in danger of disappearing. Presenting individual fortresses together as a joint cultural heritage in the context of their common geographical and historical characteristics, preserving them with a shared approach, and securing their sustainability are only possible with the identification of the current problems. In this context, the study includes the evaluation and results of the data obtained from the area regarding the conservation problems of these structures, the number of which increased with new constructions (Hellenkemper & Hild, 1990, s. 143,150) between the 11th and 14th centuries in the Cilicia Region.

scholarly journals Physicochemical quality monitoring of groundwater for drinking purposes in rural Ujjain, Central India: findings of a 2-year longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Singh ◽  
Vivek Parashar ◽  
Madhanraj Kalyanasundaram ◽  
Shweta Khare ◽  
Manju R. Purohit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Central India ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Groundwater Samples

AbstractRampant use of groundwater for drinking purposes in several parts of the world has raised the concern over its quality. Owing to increasing population, overuse, and pollution of surface water sources, the use of groundwater has increased to considerable extent. Despite this, little attention is paid towards the monitoring of groundwater resources to assess their suitability for drinking purposes. To assess the groundwater quality in rural areas of Ujjain District of Madhya Pradesh, India, in order to check its suitability for drinking purpose, water quality analysis was done at seven time points during the two study years in six villages of Ujjain District, Central India. A total of 868 groundwater samples from 124 households were collected, and standard analytical methods were employed for analysis. Overall groundwater quality of the area is good and qualified for drinking. However, occurrence of high amount of dissolved solids (> 800 mg/L) and hardness (> 400 mg/L) is the issue of concern, as long-term use of such water might result in variety of health ailments, such as kidney stones and atopic dermatitis in children. Regular monitoring and long-term surveillance of drinking water sources are necessary to keep track of the changes occurring in the system.

Selective statistical estimates of multi-year monthly concentrations of biogenous pollution of small rivers of the Northwest zone of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Sergey Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Statistical Estimates ◽  
Scientific Task ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The management of surface watercourses is an urgent scientific task. The article presents the results of statistical processing of long-term monthly data of field observations of hydrological and hydrochemical parameters along the Upper Yerga small river in the Vologda region. Sampling estimates of statistical parameters are obtained, autocorrelation and correlation analyzes are performed. The limiting periods from the point of view of pollution for water receivers receiving wastewater from drained agricultural areas are identified.

Oil pollution and fisheries

1982 ◽  
Vol 297 (1087) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Local Impacts ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

The term ‘pollution’ is taken in its broadest sense and effects are recognized to be due to interference, tainting and toxicity. Each of these types of impact is discussed and assessed. It is concluded that no long-term adverse effects on fish stocks can be attributed to oil but that local impacts can be extremely damaging in the short term and that produce from specific localities can be tainted and unmarketable for long periods. In some coastal areas oil can be one among several contributors to reduced water quality, and the implications of this are discussed.

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